Guide
On the morning of September 28, 2021, the 2020/2021 China Urban Planning Annual Conference and the 2021 China Urban Planning Academic Quarter", hosted by the Planning implementation academic committee of the China Urban Planning Society, was successfully held online. Wang Jianjun, director of the Planning Research Center of Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey and Design Research Institute, was invited to give a keynote speech entitled "Thinking on the Planning of Guangzhou Coastal Zone under the Background of Land and Sea Coordination".
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The reporter | Wang Jianjun
Director of The Planning Research Center of Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey and Design Institute
Wang Jianjun believes that land and sea co-ordination is not only an important strategy for national spatial development in the new era, but also an important principle of land spatial planning. Coastal zone is the core area of land and sea integration, and coastal zone planning is an important policy tool for implementing the land and sea integration strategy. Based on the background of the era when the awareness of the economy and the ocean is relatively weak, the land and sea space problems are becoming more and more prominent, and the national strategy of land and sea overall planning came into being, the report takes the estuary-shaped city of Guangzhou as an example, and proposes the core strategy of Guangzhou's coastal zone planning from the aspects of ecological protection and restoration, the construction of coastal cultural tourism corridors, the construction of coastal charm living areas, and the planning of land and sea development and protection patterns in view of its overlapping spatial boundaries, lack of management cross-points, different land and sea standards, high degree of artificiality of shorelines, and lack of overall planning of functions. Combined with the actual situation, the spatial control scheme integrating land and sea is established to promote the effective implementation of the strategy, which provides a practical sample for the planning of the estuarine-type urban coastal zone.
#1
The background and conceptual system of the era of land and sea co-ordination
First of all, Wang Jianjun analyzed the background of the era of land and sea co-ordination, the concept system and the important starting points in its practice process.
1 Era background
First, the awareness of the ocean is weak. From the comparison of data, taking the marine economy as an example, China's domestic marine economic output value has accounted for about 10% of the country's total marine output value, but the investment in the ocean is not as good as 1/10 of the United States, let alone compared with the investment of Japan's traditional marine powers. In particular, investment in marine research and marine scientific research needs to be urgently improved.
Second, the problems caused by the long-term seaward demand for space have become increasingly prominent. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the reclamation area in the first 50 years was only 160,000 hectares, but in the past decade, it has increased rapidly by 600,000 to 700,000 hectares, which shows that up to 200,000 hectares of space are "space to the sea", under this background, the natural shoreline is getting less and less, the artificial shoreline is more and more, the disorderly development and utilization of the ocean is obvious, and various problems such as serious offshore pollution are not uncommon in coastal areas.
Third, land and sea co-ordination have been elevated to a national strategy. Since the overall planning of land and sea was elevated to a national strategy in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of the country, the "13th Five-Year Plan", the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have clearly put forward the requirements of strengthening the overall planning of land and sea and accelerating the strengthening of maritime power.
2 Conceptual system
Since Mr. Zhang Haifeng first proposed the concept of land-sea integration at the seminar "Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of Zheng He's Voyage to the West" in 2004, the academic community has conducted extensive exploration of the theoretical system of land-sea integration, and formed a strategic essence with the premise of equal strategic status of land and sea land and land space, guided by accelerating the development process of land-sea development, and taking the coordination of land-sea relations and promoting the integrated development of land and sea as the path, with the goal of realizing marine civilization and promoting the construction of a marine power; and establishing a global scale, a national scale, a regional scale, and a city scale 2. The multi-level spatial scale system at the regional scale, of which coastal zone planning is an important starting point for the overall implementation of land and sea at the spatial level such as urban scale and regional scale; it clarifies the main research contents of land and sea function and spatial pattern coordination, land and sea natural resources protection and development overall planning, land and sea management system coordination, land and sea support system coordination, and land and sea development system coordination.
#2
Key issues and control measures for land-sea co-ordination
Then, taking Guangzhou as an example, Wang Jianjun sorted out the current status characteristics of the estuarine coastal zone and the key issues of land and sea co-ordination, and proposed the space strategy and spatial control measures of the coastal zone.
1 Status quo issues
Including overlapping spatial boundaries, lack of management crossovers, different land and sea standards, high degree of artificiality of shorelines, and lack of overall planning of land and sea functions.
2 Space strategy
1. Integrate rivers and seas to build an ecological space network
Deepen and refine the ecological spatial pattern of the city's access to mountains and seas, and form an ecological network in the coastal zone. Integrate 7 regional ecological corridors, 12 groups of ecological corridors, 2 ecological green cores and 2 ecological areas to form 6 major section protection and restoration guidelines, namely the ancient port historical and cultural landscape section, the automobile industry ecological park section, the Lotus Mountain-Seagull Island conservation section, the automobile-energy ecological port section, the coastal ecological new city section, and the marine intellectual innovation-ecological port section, and strengthen the improvement of coastal zone space quality with coastline ecological restoration projects.
2. Connect land and sea to shape the coastal cultural tourism corridor
Around the "Sea Silk" theme, coastal defense theme, ecological theme and other characteristic cultural heritage to create coastal cultural tourism theme cultural trails; on the basis of the existing greenway planning new coastal greenway, based on the landscape node to improve the coastal slow travel network; with the "greenway + embankment sluice improvement + coastal park", "coastal highway + coastal station" mode to comprehensively improve the quality of the tourism route landscape.
3. Driven by innovation, optimize the layout of shore belt industry
Advance layout of marine science and technology industry, build a core area of marine science and technology innovation, ensure the use of marine shores for infrastructure, optimize the sea shores of traditional industries, and plan 6 major industrial groups, namely the northern advanced manufacturing and service group, the Lotus Mountain-Seagull Island coastal tourism and service group, the Qingsheng Technology and Advanced Manufacturing group, the nansha urban high-end service group, the Longxue Island Wanqingsha port shipping and port logistics manufacturing group, and the Nansha modern fishery green ecological group.
4. Integration of city and sea to create a quality life vitality area
Based on coastal living plots such as Huangpu Yuzhu CBD, Nansha Bay, Pearl Bay, and Pearl Science Park of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the coastal zone, public service facilities are optimized to create a high-quality and vibrant coastal living area.
5. According to local conditions, scientifically determine the development and protection space
Connecting the achievements of ecological protection redline, urban development boundary, and double evaluation of land spatial planning, the coastal zone protection space, development space and marine reserved space are demarcated; on this basis, the coastal space style is differentiated, 3 characteristic landscape areas are formed and 18 land and sea co-ordination units are demarcated, the coordinated development of land and sea in the shore section is promoted, and the in-depth transmission from the general planning level to the unit level is strengthened.
3 Control measures
The coastal zone space is divided into three divisions (nearshore space, coastal space, and offshore space) with the "two lines" (coastline and architectural retreat line), of which the coastal space refers to the sea space involved, and the main functions are ecology, transportation, fishery, etc.; the space of the coastal space, that is, the space at the junction of sea and land, takes ecological function, landscape protection, and marine disaster defense as the main needs. Offshore space is mainly on land, emphasizing the control of construction intensity and density, fully embodying the marine style, and fully integrating land and sea management requirements, including landscape greening and other requirements. On this basis, according to the coastline attributes, land use and planning positioning and other factors to determine four types of shore sections (production operation shore section, production protection shore section, living hydrophilic shore section, ecological protection shore section), the implementation of fine management, of which: the production operation shore section can be directly facing the sea and waterfront development, should strengthen coastal construction, clearance and retreat of irrelevant facilities; production protection shore section, there are certain non-shipping production functions, such as petrochemical, logistics and other industries, requiring 30-50 meters of construction control lots, only used as production protection functions The living waterfront section covers living space such as residences or parks, and requires a control area of 50-150 meters. The ecological protection shore section widens the control zone to 150-200 meters.
#3
Looking forward to the implementation of coastal zone planning
Finally, Wang Jianjun looked forward to the main issues in the implementation of coastal zone planning under the background of land and sea co-ordination.
First, on the basis of coastal zone planning, how will the spatial boundaries of multiple departments such as water, ocean and land be implemented in the future? It is urgent to need the macro guidance of the top building and the superstructure and the thinking and exploration of the academic community.
Second, as a special plan, the coastal zone should be promoted simultaneously with the land spatial planning and complement each other, and in many aspects it needs to be integrated with the land spatial planning, such as the connection between the "two spaces within the red line" of the ocean and the "three districts and three lines" of the land spatial planning, and also needs to conduct in-depth research on how the coastal zone planning is integrated into the existing land spatial planning system.
Third, how does municipal coastal zone planning constrain district, town-level overall planning and detailed planning? At present, the detailed planning still follows the requirements of the traditional control detailed planning, focusing on the control of land, buildings and facilities, but there is a lack of clear provisions on the control of coastal zone functional areas, so the boundary determination in the detailed planning and the connection with the control method still need to be explored.
Fourth, in the specific implementation path and the logic of the overall planning, whether the land and the sea must be done in accordance with the unified model and standard, or the standard of land and land under the same system, the standard of the sea and the sea, there is still no conclusion, we hope to be more inclined to establish the same system of land and sea, a blueprint of the same plan, but reflect different characteristics in the standard and specific model. The need to prepare and implement a detailed plan for the implementation of the land-sea integrated unit and its feasibility remains to be further explored and demonstrated.
Contributed by: Academic Committee of Planning Implementation, China Urban Planning Society
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