In the women's singles free skating competition of the Beijing Winter Olympics that ended on February 17, russian Olympic Committee representative team players Serbakova and Trusova won the top two places, while Vallieva, who ranked first in the short program, played abnormally and finally ranked fourth.
According to reports, Valieva has recently been involved in a storm of banned drugs, first being exposed in a previous drug test, detecting the use of the illicit drug trimetazide, and later discovering two drug ingredients, L-carnitine and Hypoxen (polydihydroxyphenyl sodium thiosulfonate).
These kinds of drugs are very difficult to hear the name, what are they?
In fact, the first two drugs, cardiologists are more familiar, clinically can be used to improve myocardial hypoxia, improve heart function, the latter drug is more unfamiliar, check the literature, but also related to improving cardiac function.
Our lives can be sustained for a long time, and to maintain vitality, we need energy supply. In those vital organs, the energy supply is particularly important. The nutrients we eat into the body are metabolized into energy, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), to supply the cells to work. In the process of producing energy, cells need to consume oxygen, so lack of oxygen will affect the production of energy by cells. Oxygen is transported by the bloodstream, so the result of ischemia is hypoxia, hypoxia will lead to a reduction or cessation of cell production capacity, lack of energy cells will lose function, and finally will die.
And our heart, every day constantly contracting and relaxing, pumping blood, naturally also needs extra energy.
What if you need to improve heart function and improve the energy supply of the heart?
The key is open source throttling!
Open source, increase the blood supply and oxygen supply of the heart, ensure sufficient oxygen energy to participate in metabolism, throttle, improve the energy production of the heart muscle, and ensure the production capacity in the absence of oxygen supply.
Trimetazil and L-carnitine do the latter's work.
Trimetazidine, the original research drug "Wan Shuangli", is the drug that involved Sun Yang in the doping incident. The drug was not previously banned and can be taken by athletes, but by January 2014 it was listed as a banned drug (doping) by the International Anti-Doping Organization.
Trimetazil can improve the blood supply capacity of the myocardium, is a second-line drug against angina, and is also recognized by medical experts as a drug that can improve myocardial metabolism.
How does trimetazide work? Simply put, it is to ensure the production capacity of cardiomyocytes in the absence of oxygen. Specifically, it is to change the production capacity route when the myocardium is hypoxic, inhibit fatty acid oxidation, and change to a more efficient glucose metabolism capacity, so that the energy supply of the heart can not be reduced in the absence of oxygen, and the myocardium that is ischemic and hypoxic is protected, which also protects the function of the heart. However, the onset of this drug is relatively slow, so it is not suitable for first-line medication.
L-Carnitine, the drug name "levocarnitine (d'). This medicine is known to many people as a diet pill because it helps with fat metabolism. However, in cardiology, this drug is also used to improve myocardial metabolism.
In the energy supply raw materials of the heart muscle, the main source is fatty acids, and L-carnitine plays a role in the metabolism and energy supply of fatty acids. When myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, L-carnitine is reduced, the fatty acids of the myocardium cannot be metabolized, the energy supply is reduced, and the fatty acids stored in the cardiomyocytes are also toxic. At this time, supplementing L-carnitine will help the metabolism of fatty acids, increase production capacity, and reduce damage. Therefore, L-carnitine is used for the adjuvant treatment of patients with myocardial ischemia and cardiac function, and is used for myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, heart failure and other diseases.
L-Carnitine is also not only effective for the heart, because it can promote fat metabolism, but also for the treatment of hyperlipidemia pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. L-Carnitine has an antioxidant effect, can remove lactic acid in the blood and tissues, so it has an anti-fatigue effect, L-carnitine is also used in the treatment of male oligospermia.
The last one, Hypoxen (polydihydroxyphenyl sodium thiosulfonate), this drug is very strange, consulted some experimental studies, is used and antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs for comparison. Studies have found that this drug has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, so it can be used for protection under hypoxic conditions.
Cell damage has such a law, ischemia and hypoxia can cause damage, and when the ischemic damaged tissue restores blood oxygen supply, there will also be a superoxide reaction, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory reaction of tissue cells, which will further aggravate the damage. Studies have found that this Hypoxen can protect damaged tissues, reduce inflammation, and accelerate healing in the case of hypoxia and oxidative stress, especially for cardiomyocytes, ischemia and reperfusion of cardiomyocytes.
In summary, these three drugs have a certain myocardial protection, anti-ischemic and hypoxia effect. But why do athletes eat it? This requires further investigation.
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