The aggrieved One Reading Jun | Think
"Su Yiming snowboard jump to win the championship!"
In the just-concluded Beijing Olympics snowboarding men's big jump final, 17-year-old Su Yiming made a splash and won the sixth gold medal of the Winter Olympics for the Chinese team with two super high-completion 1800 difficult moves!
Like many workers sitting at their workstations, Yi Yuejun witnessed this historic moment in the overwhelming media coverage.
Without the regret of witnessing Su Yiming's excitement to win the championship, this pot must be "Lantern Festival is not even a holiday!" "Come back.
Like the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Spring Festival, as a traditional festival with a history of more than 2,000 years, the Lantern Festival actually does not give a holiday? This fact, in the festive background of the whole network congratulating Su Yiming on winning the championship, was set off even more "sadly".
Casually flipped through the vacation system of the ancients, Yi Yujun found that the Lantern Festival from the Han to the Qing Dynasty has a holiday, the Ming Dynasty can even put more than ten days, even the Spring Festival holiday must have a month, so in the end why the current Lantern Festival is not! To give! put! finish!
This sad story of universal celebration must begin with the Republic of China.
On January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established. In order to connect with the international community, keep up with the pace of the world, and facilitate the formulation of budgets and other considerations, Sun Yat-sen ordered the use of the Western calendar (solar calendar) on the second day of the founding of the Republic of China:
The Republic of China switched to the solar calendar, with November 13, 4,609 AD of the Yellow Emperor's era as the New Year's Day of the First Year of the Republic of China.
January 1 is the Gregorian New Year's Day.
However, the Old Chinese New Year is also called "New Year's Day" or "New Year", and in order to distinguish the Solar New Year from the Old Calendar New Year, Yuan Shikai approved a submission from the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Beijing in 1914, changing the Old Calendar New Year to "Spring Festival":
It is proposed to designate the Lunar New Year's Day as the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival as the Summer Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival as the Autumn Festival, and the Winter Solstice as the Winter Festival. All mainlanders are allowed to rest, and those in public are also allowed to take a day off.
This also has the so-called four traditional Chinese traditional festivals Spring Festival, Summer Festival (Dragon Boat Festival), Autumn Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival), Winter Festival (Winter Solstice), there is no Lantern Festival, and there is no current statutory holiday Qingming.
But the Lantern Festival still has to pass. The old calendar tradition has been thousands of years, and it is impossible to change it at once, so the people continue to use the old calendar and pass the Lantern Festival according to the old calendar. The government is also setting up a set of holiday systems in accordance with the solar calendar, such as October 10 as national day, January 1 as the anniversary of the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, and later International Labor Day, Children's Day, Teachers' Day, etc. The official and non-governmental organizations do their own thing to form a dual calendar system.
Until 1928, after the success of the Northern Expedition of the Nationalist Government, it ordered the solar calendar to be set as the national calendar, abolished the old calendar, used the traditional festival of the lunar calendar not to take a holiday, and the contract contract signed with the old calendar had no legal effect, and forcibly required the people of the whole country to pass the solar calendar.
In order to reduce the resistance to the implementation of the solar calendar, although the traditional customs are not taken according to the lunar calendar, they are not abolished, but the festival is moved to the same solar calendar date, such as three or five days on January 1 for the Spring Festival, and one day on January 15 for the Lantern Festival.
However, goose, January 15 of the solar calendar may not have a full moon, even on this day according to the previous customs to celebrate, eat tangyuan, Lantern, etc., there is no previous taste, the people live up not strong, privately or according to the old calendar, resulting in the Spring Festival are few people to work. As a last resort, at the beginning of 1934, the Nationalist government no longer forced the abolition of the old calendar, and the duality of the solar and lunar calendars coexisted.
After the founding of new China, it inherited the dual structure of the holiday system of the Republic of China, first establishing October 1 as the National Day, and then adjusting the New Year's Day, Arbor Day, Women's Day, International Labor Day, Spring Festival and other festivals according to the official solar calendar anniversary of the Republic of China. In December, the Council of State issued the Measures for the Holiday of National New Year's Day and Anniversaries (hereinafter referred to as the Measures for Holidays), which set the four festivals of New Year's Day (1 day), Spring Festival (3 days), May Day (1 day) and National Day (2 days) as national holidays.
The Spring Festival is the only legal holiday left over from the old society, and it seems that the treatment is better, but also because the festival customs such as worship activities (superstition), firecrackers (harm), eating and drinking (waste) and so on have long been criticized. So for a while, everyone didn't even have to let go of the Spring Festival...
After three revisions, the "Holiday Measures" have formed our current holiday standards, and in these three revisions, the Lantern festival is very contentious and has not succeeded in taking the position.
In 1999, out of economic considerations, the State Council revised the Measures for Holidays for the first time.
Affected by the financial crisis in Southeast Asia, experts proposed that the Golden Week could be formed by diverting the weekend to allow everyone to spend time to boost GDP. Therefore, this time only increased the holiday time, May Day, National Day, Spring Festival are put 3 days each, through the weekend holiday actually put 7 days each to form three golden weeks.
The economic effects of Golden Week are also remarkable. As the General Office of the State Council forwarded the "Notice of the National Tourism Administration and Other Departments on Several Opinions on Further Developing Holiday Tourism", it said:
Golden Week holiday tourism has promoted the development of mainland tourism and related industries such as railways, transportation, civil aviation, urban taxis and catering, commerce... It has satisfied the people's tourism needs, enriched the festival life, and played a positive role in improving people's material and cultural living standards.
Of course, the Golden Week has also brought various problems such as traffic pressure and tourism chaos, and some experts have proposed that the current holiday system lacks attention to traditional cultural customs, which is not good for inheriting traditional culture and should be changed.
After more than a year of investigation and research, the group proposed an adjustment plan: cancel the May Day Golden Week, and add the Dragon Boat Festival, Qingming, and Mid-Autumn Festivals as statutory holidays, each for one day.
According to public opinion, the Lantern Festival has the opportunity to be selected.
In order to find out what everyone thinks, the National Statutory Holiday Adjustment Research Group sent an online survey on Sina.com to adjust the holiday system. In terms of the choice 105688 of increasing the choice of traditional festivals, 95.73% of the respondents advocated that the Mid-Autumn Festival should be a holiday, followed by the Qingming Festival 58.31%, the Lantern Festival 45.62%, the Dragon Boat Festival 43.57%, and the Chongyang Festival 12.30%.
Although the call for the Lantern Festival was higher than that of the Dragon Boat Festival, it was still brushed by the Dragon Boat Festival.
There are three reasons, one is that this revision has increased the holiday time of 1 day, and 11 days a year is enough to put it anymore; the second is that it is too close to the Spring Festival from the Lantern Festival, and the Spring Festival is only a few days after the Lantern Festival. Third, although the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are also near, the Mid-Autumn Festival has a great impact.
So the Lantern lost, not to Zongzi, but to the mooncake. Since then, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Spring Festival have become the four traditional festivals in China, and the status of the Lantern Festival has become weaker.
Therefore, in this big adjustment, the Lantern did not succeed in ascending to the throne...
As for the third revision in 2013, it was only to adjust the Spring Festival holiday from Chinese New Year's Eve to the second day of the first year to from the first to the third day of the first year, and the Lantern Festival was still no play.
So the Lantern is still not there! put! false!
Ah, do not let go, as long as you are bold, you are not afraid of yourself at the end of the year.
Resources
1. "The Culture and Politics of Everyday Life: Witnessing the Growth of Citizenship", Gao Bingzhong, Social Science Literature Publishing, 2012 edition
2. Decision of the State Council on Amendment, State Council, January 2, 2014
3. Decision of the State Council on Amendments, State Council, March 28, 2008
4. Bulletin of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council, October 26, 1999
5. "Measures for the Holidays of National New Year's Festivals and Anniversaries", Council of State, December 23, 1949
6. "Research on the Current Holiday System in Mainland China", Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition), Vol. 40, No. 4, July 2013
7. Pay attention to the adjustment of statutory holidays, and the four traditional festivals are expected to be holidays, People's Daily News Department, Xiao Jinbo, November 8, 2007
8. "Questions and Answers of the Responsible Person of the National Development and Reform Commission on Issues Related to the Adjustment of National Statutory Holidays", National Development and Reform Commission
9. "Compilation of Documents of the Chinese Workers' Movement" The Sixth National Labor Congress of China - The Seventh National Congress of Chinese Trade Unions, edited by the Secretariat Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, Workers' Publishing House, 1955
10. "From "Correcting shuo" to "abolishing the old calendar", the lunar calendar and its festivals in the Republic of China period", Zuo Yuhe, Folk Culture, February 16, 2005
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