Dazhong Daily reporter Zhu Ziyu Li Mengxin correspondent Wang Rui
Yu Daoquan and "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song"
Yu Daoquan, Tibetan scholar. He has many titles: the English translator of the Indian writer Tagore visiting China, the English translator of the famous sinologist Gang and Tai classroom at Peking University, the professor of Tibetan studies at Peking University and the Central University for Nationalities, the first person to translate the famous Tibetan work "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song", and also a pioneer in the study of Tibetan culture in China. However, it is such a scholar who has not received much attention for a long time.
Xu Zhijie, graduated from the History Department of Shandong University in 1983, has worked as an editorial editor in publishing houses and newspapers, and is a senior journalist who publishes works such as "Lu Kanru and Feng Yuanjun" and "The Story of Shanda". Since his retirement, he has devoted himself to the study of historical celebrities who graduated from Qilu University. Recently, Xu Zhijie was a guest of the Chengshe Cultural Lecture Hall of Chuyang Academy and gave a wonderful lecture entitled "Tibetan Studies Heroes In Daoquan and Cangyang Gyatso Love Songs", taking us closer to this scholar and understanding this Promoter of Cangyang Gyatso.
The forgotten "genius of language"
The achievements are no less than Zhao Yuanren
As a famous Tibetan, linguist and educator in modern China, Yu Daoquan has not received corresponding attention in the modern academic history of China. Counting the famous scholars of modern and modern China, he is not as famous as Zhao Yuanren, Li Fanggui, Xiao Qian, Luo Changpei, etc., but his achievements are no less than theirs.
Yu Daoquan is one of the main pioneers of modern Tibetan studies in the mainland, and he has been committed to the development of Chinese national languages, integrating literature, history, examination of evidence, bibliography, linguistics, Tibetan studies, translation studies, Buddhism, and lexicography. Mr. Ji Xianlin once commented that he was "rich in five cars, full of economy, indifferent to fame and fortune". In fact, if you have to use two words to describe Yu Daoquan, the first thing that comes to mind must be "linguistic genius".
In 1924, at the age of 23, Yu Daoquan graduated from Qilu University and successfully passed the Shandong Provincial Government Fee to study in the United States. While his friends and family were cheering for him, he firmly gave up the great opportunity and future in the eyes of others and changed the trajectory of his life.
In April of the same year, the Indian poet Tagore visited China, passing south of the economy. In order to welcome the poets from afar, Jinan needed to find a person with a high level of English and familiar with the conditions of Shandong Province to accompany the interpreter. At this time, Yu Daoquan not only had excellent English skills, but also knew a little about Buddhism and Sanskrit, and people in Jinan's educational circles elected him as a temporary translator. On April 22, Tagore and his party arrived as promised, and Yu Daoquan led Indian guests to view the beautiful scenery of Jinan and appreciate the long-standing culture of Jinan. When visiting the Buddhist scripture circulation office in Jinan, Tagore noticed that the young student in front of him could not only speak fluent English, but also had some knowledge of Buddhist scriptures. The talent revealed by Yu Daoquan surprised tagore very much, and he was quite appreciative, and the two of them hated each other late. Therefore, Yu Daoquan ignored his father's obstruction and gave up the opportunity to study abroad with Tagore to Beijing.
As the so-called "hero cherishes the hero", Tagore introduced Tou Daoquan to The Sanskrit professor Gang and Baron Tai of Peking University. Yu Daoquan stayed at Peking University, studying Sanskrit, Tibetan and Buddhist scriptures with Gang hetai, and worked as an English translator for Mr. Gang's class. After that, Yu Daoquan also became acquainted with the historian Chen Yinke, the famous scholar Zhao Yuanren, and the director of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University, Fu Sinian. It was during this period that Yu Daoquan showed his astonishing talent for language, English, Esperanto, Sanskrit, Tibetan, Manchu... It has received a great deal of attention in academia.
In 1930, due to Daoquan's translation and Zhao Yuanren's "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song" was published in Beiping. In his preface, he says: "Six years ago I came to Beijing to study Sanskrit, and I had a great desire to read the 'Brahma script' buddhist scriptures and to seek the answer to the 'mystery of life' in Buddhist philosophy. When I first came, I took the enthusiasm of Buddhist believers to read day and night... Later, after a while, I slowly became interested in the history and linguistics of Buddhism... But after I had taken a positive interest in these subjects, I had decided, for various reasons, not to study Sanskrit and to devote myself exclusively to Tibetan. It can be seen that at that time, Yu Daoquan's language interest was very extensive, but after studying and practicing "several disciplines", he made a choice and clearly regarded Tibetan as the direction of study and research.
On the one hand, this change in thinking is the result of Yu Daoquan's own accumulation day and night, and the continuous improvement of his own knowledge system. In 1927, at the recommendation of Mr. Yuan Tongli, he was transferred to the Beihai Library (now the Beijing Library) to work as a collector and catalog of Manchu, Mongolian, and Tibetan books, had the opportunity to come into contact with a large number of Tibetan literature, and also took the time to learn Manchu by himself. On the other hand, it was closely related to the social situation in China at that time, and he wanted to pursue new progressive ideas and beliefs. Therefore, the book "Cangyang Gyatso Love Songs" brought an unexpected reputation to Yu Daoquan, and the love songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama Cangyang Gyatso could be translated into Chinese for the first time and annotated in English, which became a sensational event in the academic circles at that time, and Hu Shizhi and Xu Dishan both greatly appreciated this "language genius".
The difference between genius and ordinary people
It's just "weird."
In fact, Yu Daoquan's great achievements in the field of Tibetan studies are inseparable from his personal persistence, and even more inseparable from his "strangeness", which is another adjective. Yu Daoquan comes from the famous Yu family in Shandong Province. The Yu family had been farmers for generations, and it was not until Yu Daoquan's father, Yu Mingxin, that he began to contact education, but the family had a potential talent.
Yu Mingxin is a famous modern educator in the mainland and one of the founders of modern education in Shandong Province, and a senior social activist. Under his teaching, his children Yu Daoquan, Yu Daoyuan, Yu Shiyu, and Yu Ruomu made indelible contributions to literary research and the cause of the War of Resistance and Revolution, respectively. Thanks to the strict taoist style, Yu Daoquan received a good family education and the influence of China's excellent traditional ideology and culture, and also shaped a unique personality.
"Strange" manifests itself at various stages of his life. For example, for the sake of the Indian culture he was interested in, he categorically gave up the great opportunity for the official fee to study in the United States, provoked Yu Mingxin's anger, and threatened to cut off all financial support for his economy and drive him out of the house; Yu Daoquan was still unmoved, and resolutely went north to realize his dream; During the period of studying Sanskrit and Tibetan with Gang and Tai, Yu Daoquan wrote to his eldest sister Yu Shiyu saying that he "ate in Sanskrit at every meal"; in order to conquer the Tibetan Pass, Yu Daoquan left the building of Peking University and moved into the small room of the Lama Temple, worshiping Tibetan friends as a teacher. Living with lamas, studying and practicing hard for several years, greatly improving the practical ability of Tibetan listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translating... Although the material life is pure and bitter, his spiritual world is absolutely rich. Yu Daoquan has a detached, unworldly personality spirit, and the tome "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song" proves this maverick and extraordinary.
It can be said that Yu Daoquan's characteristics are multi-faceted, and at the same time he is also a literati who has no distractions and devotes himself to learning. These two opposing temperaments have made him "weird", and perhaps the difference between genius and ordinary people is "weird".
It was the "mystery" that made Cangyang Gyatso
Cangyang Gyatso is the most representative folk song poet in Tibet, the most classic of which is the Lhasa Tibetan woodcut version of "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song". It was precisely because of Daoquan's translation of the book "Cangyang Gyatso Love Song" that his position as a pioneer in the history of Sino-Tibetan cultural exchanges was thus established. The fate of a literati and a poet is quietly concluded, but unlike Yu Daoquan's "weirdness", Cangyang Gyatso is more of a "mystery".
Cangyang Gyatso was chosen at the age of 14 to be the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama. It is not surprising that he composed poetry, but he did not restrain his thoughts, words and deeds with canons, but wrote many lingering love songs according to his independent ideological will, boldly challenged the traditional forces, and showed great courage, and by virtue of this alone, his poetry has an extraordinary significance.
There are many mysteries in Cangyang Gyatso's body, and there are many theories in terms of birthplace alone. Yu Daoquan said that Cangyang Gyatso was "born in a famous family that believed in the Red Religion in a lonely place"; Huang Hao, who has studied Cangyang Gyatso quite a bit, said that he was born in "Yusong" and "belonged to a poor family"; Zeng Said that Cangyang Gyatso was a "native of Lonely Lake, Tibet"; Zhuang Jing said that Cangyang Gyatso was born in "Woyusong-Sanwadi"; Yu Naichang said that Cangyang Gyatso "originally belonged to Paiga in the summer of Menyu and belonged to a poor peasant" and "did cattle herding" and "Yusong, that is, Wu Jinlin, Sangjielin and Tsojielin"; Duan Baolin said, " His hometown is the Yusong region in southern Tibet" and "worked at home before the age of 15".
Cangyang Gyatso was born in the 22nd year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1683) and was seated in Lhasa in 1697 as the sixth Dalai Lama. In 1705, he was falsely accused of being a false Dalai Lama and sent to Beijing, where his whereabouts and life and death are unknown. Cangyang Gyatso has been dead for more than 300 years, and his lonely and short life is still full of mysteries. Why he was chosen as the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama became "the most beautiful lover in the world", and how he left, whether he was murdered or wandered the world, is still unknown to this day.
A few years ago, due to the popularity of "Non-sincere Do Not Disturb 2", the "Seeing and Not Seeing" cited in the film prompted a round of sentence imitation, and a wave of "Cangyang Gyatso fever" was raised. However, this song that has touched many people, "Seeing and Not Seeing", is not written by Cangyang Gyatso, but by the female poet Tashi Ram Dodo, called "The Silence of Banza guru Bhagavad Ma". Another widely circulated work, "That Life", is considered by many Cangyang Gyatso fans to be one of Cangyang Gyatso's masterpieces, but in fact it is not from his hand, but the song "Believer" in Zhu Zheqin's album "YangJinma". These well-known poems, known as Cangyang Gyatso, have cast another veil of mystery over themselves.
However, it is also the "mystery" that makes Cangyang Gyatso. Because this man is a mystery, so people who have read his poems interpret Cangyang Gyatso according to their own understanding, and his poems and his people are becoming more and more dreamy.