The earth is a beautiful blue planet full of life, since the birth of life 4 billion years ago, in the long years, the earth has experienced countless ecological changes, and the biological mass extinction has been staged continuously, and the most serious one has led to the extinction of 96% of the organisms, almost ending the era of life.
Even so, after every major ecological change, the earth's ecology can be repaired, and life can flourish again, which shows that the self-repair ability of the earth's ecology is very powerful.
Human beings evolved step by step after the fifth mass extinction, after the rise of mammals, and hundreds of years ago, a branch of the ancient ape embarked on the road of intelligent evolution, opening the evolutionary evolution of human beings.
More than 2 million years of evolution and evolution, human beings from the primitive intelligent creatures to open the road to civilization, ushered in a period of rapid development, only less than 10,000 years have passed, human beings have opened the road of science and technology, embarked on a more brilliant course.
Perhaps in the eyes of many friends, the five mass extinctions have not completely collapsed the earth, even if there is another mass extinction in the future, it can be restored again, and the earth will still be a vibrant blue planet. So is this really the case?
Scientists through the study of the earth found that although the earth's ecosystem repair ability is incomparably powerful, but it is not eternal, with the passage of time, the earth can not always be suitable for life, sooner or later, the earth will no longer become habitable, human beings have to give up the earth, and this time is only 1 billion years away from us.
Why do scientists say that the earth has only left us 1 billion years? Could it be that the Capacity of the Earth System itself is waning? In fact, behind all this is not much to do with the earth itself, the main reason is related to the changes in the sun.
We all know that the galaxy where The Earth is located is the solar system, and the core of the solar system is the star Sun, which accounts for 99.86% of the mass of the entire solar system. The stability and survival of the entire solar system is closely related to the sun, and any huge change in the sun will have a very large impact on the planets, especially the earth is relatively close to the sun, once the sun has major changes, the first impact is the ecology of the earth.
Without the action of huge external forces, the evolution of the sun is very stable and does not suddenly change its face. According to scientists, the lifespan of the sun is about 10 billion years, and after 10 billion years, the sun's shell falls off and the core will evolve into a white dwarf.
The sun has come to an end, the solar system will naturally come to an end, and the earth will no longer exist, which is the ultimate fate of the earth. However, for life, the time left by the earth is far less than 10 billion years, because life is too dependent on the sun, and the brightness of the sun will continue to increase as it reaches its end.
According to scientists' research, after 1 billion years, the brightness of the sun will increase by about 10% compared to now, although this increase is not particularly much, but the ecological and environmental impact on the earth is huge, at that time the temperature of the earth's surface will increase significantly, the ecosystem will collapse, no longer habitable.
So why does the sun keep brightening? This is related to the mechanism of stellar energy generation, stars originate from the primordial nebula, as the nebula material continues to condense towards the center, forming a primordial star, the greater the mass of the star, the greater the gravitational force, the gravitational collapse will make the temperature and pressure of the core region continue to increase, after reaching a certain level, it will ignite nuclear fusion in the core region.
The energy released by nuclear fusion will spread outward, forming a radiation pressure, and when the radiation pressure is balanced with the gravitational pull of the star, the star will remain in a stable state, thus continuously glowing and heating.
The raw material of stellar nuclear fusion is hydrogen, which evolves into helium through fusion reactions, and the hydrogen element in the core region of the star is not infinite, and as nuclear fusion progresses, hydrogen will continue to decrease, while helium will continue to increase.
Since the temperature and pressure of the sun's core region cannot cause helium to fuse, a large amount of helium will continue to accumulate, making the ability of nuclear fusion lower and lower, resulting in the radiation pressure of the solar core will continue to weaken, and the balance with the sun's gravity will be broken.
At this time, the solar gravity collapses again, the temperature and pressure of the core area continue to increase, and the nuclear fusion in the center becomes more intense, producing a higher radiation pressure and the sun's gravitational pull to reach equilibrium. Stronger nuclear fusion releases more energy, and the surface becomes brighter and brighter.
How will the earth's ecology evolve in 1 billion years, step by step, towards collapse? As the sun's brightness continues to increase, so does the temperature of the Earth's surface, and according to scientists' estimates, in 1 billion years, the average temperature on the Earth's surface will reach about 50 degrees Celsius.
This temperature is the lead to the ecological collapse of the earth, at this time, a large amount of liquid water will continue to evaporate into the atmosphere, triggering a stronger greenhouse effect, so that the earth's temperature will further rise. Higher temperatures will speed up the evaporation of liquid water on the surface, and this vicious circle will continue, and soon the ocean will disappear, which is only the beginning of disaster.
What happens when the oceans are gone? We all know that the earth's surface has 71% of the ocean area, the movement of the earth's plate has a close relationship with the ocean, if there is no ocean, the power block movement will stop, the pressure inside the earth without the balance of ocean pressure, will continue to release, thus triggering violent volcanic movement.
We can imagine how terrible a global volcanic eruption would be, when a large amount of carbon dioxide would be released from the Earth's interior, exacerbating the greenhouse effect. What is more serious is that these carbon dioxide have no absorption source, and it should be known that there are two main sources of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, one is the ocean, and the other is plants.
The ocean evaporates no more, and the plants on the surface will also die in large numbers and eventually become extinct, without the ocean and plants, a large amount of carbon dioxide can only be continuously accumulated in the atmosphere, resulting in a rising carbon dioxide content, beyond oxygen, beyond nitrogen, becoming the highest proportion of the earth's atmospheric composition.
At that time, the ecological environment of the earth will become like Venus, the atmosphere is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, and the temperature of the surface will reach about 500 degrees Celsius, becoming a forbidden area for life.
Of course, some friends will say that 1 billion years is still too far away for human beings, and if human civilization cannot continue to that time, the life and death of the earth will have nothing to do with us. If human civilization can continue to 1 billion years later, at the speed of human technology development, it may already become a powerful cosmic civilization, and it may not be difficult to solve the problems of the earth.
Yes, 1 billion years is not too long for the evolution of the universe, but it is an incomparably long time for the development of a civilization. If human civilization could still exist at that time, human footsteps may have already spread to all corners of the universe, and the solar system and the earth may only be a birthplace for us.