Plate 35
Three-layer green glazed pottery water pavilion
Late Western Han Dynasty to Early Eastern Han Dynasty
The height of the pass is 64 cm and the diameter of the pool is 38 cm
Collected in Sansheng Bay, Lingbao County in 1958
Characteristics of the Origin and Development of Ancient Chinese Cities
Cui Chunhua, Social Science Series, No. 6, 1987, pp. 34-39
This article discusses the origin, development and characteristics of ancient Chinese cities. It is believed that ancient Chinese cities originated in Yi and were tribal centers inhabited by dense populations. Eup is a clan or tribal center, formed by many families gathered, after the tribal war, in order to defend and protect the wealth of the population, around the setting of fences or walls, this population settlement, with the development of the economy and population growth, the scale continues to expand, in the social interaction to form an entity, changed the nature of the original simple sum of family settlements, developed into a city. Not all eups are cities, only Dayi, which has a large population and is economically, politically and culturally developed, has become a city. Duyi is also a castle, the castle is also called Duyi, Yi is the general name of the city, often together with Duyi. The tribal center city formed in the ancient times of the mainland is not simply a castle, but has great economic significance.
After the formation of the city, by the Xia Shang Zhou era, the city entered a period of development. Manifested by the increase in the number of cities, the expansion of scale and the improvement of facilities and the establishment of officials for administrative management, the urban economy has become the most dynamic part of social and economic development. The author also points out three characteristics of the development of ancient Chinese cities: First, the ancient Chinese cities are a contradictory unity of the economy and the countryside. Second, the "facing the future market" and "left ancestors and right societies" of the Shang and Zhou cities, the urban structure formed by integrating various relationships of politics, economy, blood and religion, reflects the political characteristics of people's urban life under the domination of various powers. Ancient Chinese cities were economic, political and cultural centers.
"A Preliminary Study on the Causes of the Destruction of Wangchenggang Castle"
Dong Qi, Archaeology and Cultural Relics, No. 1, 1988, pp. 32-35, p. 68
This article explores the reasons for the destruction of Wangchenggang Castle. First of all, the author does not agree with the theory that Wangchenggang Castle was destroyed by the war caused by Bo Yi and Qi for the throne, and believes that Bo Yi's place of refuge in Qi is in the "Yin of Jishan Mountain", which is a different geographical concept from "Yangcheng", and the two should not be confused. In addition, the date of Wangchenggang Castle is about 2455 BC, while the chronology of the Xia Dynasty can only be pushed back to the middle of the 23rd century BC at most, and the difference between the two is 200 years, and Wangchenggang Castle cannot be associated with the war between Boyi and Qi. No remains of the war have been found at the site. Secondly, in response to scholars' argument that Wangchenggang Castle was abandoned before it was completed, the author objected to the claim that the Wangchenggang Castle was abandoned before it was built, based on the fact that Wangchenggang Castle did not find the remains of the city gate, the city wall, and the 10-meter-wide gap in the southeast corner of Wangchenggang Castle should be the city gate; The city wall exists like the base trough, and the lack of a large area of brown soil layer and part of the loess layer outside the city is the result of taking earth to build the wall; There are rammed earth remains in the city, and there are also cellars, which are obviously architectural remains. Finally, the author believes that the East and West Cities and the Middle East City were built first, and only after the destruction was the temporary West City built on the west wall of the East City, and agrees with the view that the Wangchenggang Castle was destroyed by the flood. Pointing to a large gully close to the north wall; Some of the walls still have traces of flash flood erosion; Base groove - partly pressed under the alluvial layer; Pebble silt formations formed by flash floods have also been found in the city. It is believed that the destruction of the West City by flash floods is traceable and unmistakable. The archaeological discovery of the destruction of Wangchenggang Castle by the flood is also in line with the legendary record of the flood in the Yao Shunyu period in the ancient mainland texts.
"The Temptation of the Ruins of the Castle of Dengfeng Wangchenggang"
Chen Shaodi, Chinese Civilization (I), pp. 295-305, Peking University Press, 1987
Based on archaeological excavation materials, the author made an analysis and argument from the aspects of geological outlook, stratigraphic relations, era scope and cultural nature, and believed that Dengfeng "the era of the Wangchenggang Castle site was about or slightly earlier than the early years of the Xia Dynasty, and it was an important ancient city site at that time, which may be Yudu Yangcheng".
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and descriptions are from "Han Dynasty Architectural Ming Ware Unearthed in Henan", edited by Henan Museum, 2002
extend:
Water Pavilion shuǐ xiè: Water Pavilion refers to a traditional Chinese building built at the water's edge or a pavilion on the water for visitors to rest and enjoy the scenery. The water pavilion protrudes from the barge, with columns on the water, the building is mostly single-storey, flat or square or rectangular, the structure is light, open on all sides, in order to obtain a wide field of view. On the waterside side, the standing stool railings and bow-shaped backrests, called the beauty reclining or flying chair, are used for people to sit on the railing.
The Old Book of Tang and the Biography of Pei Du: "The Eastern Capital is set up in Jixian Li, building mountains and ponds, bamboo and wood clusters, and wind pavilions and water pavilions." ”
Tang Dynasty. Cui Xiang's poem "Serving the Princess Dongzhuang of Changning" reads: "The water pavilion is suitable for time, and the mountain tower looks at the evening." ”
clear. Kong Shangren", "Peach Blossom Fan. The second out: "And to the Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a visit to Jiali, but also interesting." ”