Finishing Han Ying
Oral description shen lansheng
Barracks are also known as barracks, barracks, in ancient times called camps, camp gates, military gates, yuanmen and so on. Sun Tzu, a famous military scholar who lived in seclusion in Wuzhong during the Spring and Autumn Period, said in the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" that the major affairs of the warrior country are also important. It shows that the army has always been a major event of the state, and the barracks where the army lives is also an indispensable and important guarantee. For various reasons, the articles reflecting the content of barracks architecture in architectural materials and literary history are less involved, which cannot but be said to be a flaw. When I was young, I joined the army and went to the army, successively lived in the barracks of the People's Liberation Army in Suzhou, Xuzhou and other places, and met the Kuomintang army and the Japanese army barracks, and several barracks located in the Jinchang District have the architectural characteristics of the Japanese army, the Kuomintang army and the PLA barracks.
First, the site selection is unique
In terms of geography, Suzhou is not a place where soldiers must fight, and there are not many major wars experienced in history, but as a city, it is impossible to have no army garrison, and there are barracks in garrisons, so some streets and alleys in Suzhou still have historical traces on their names, such as Taohuawu East Daying Gate, West Daying Gate, Shiqi Lane Small School Yard, Hedong Lane North School Yard Road, etc.
Two thousand five hundred years ago, when Wu Zixu, the minister of the State of Wu, built the city of Suzhou, tasted the water from the soil, like heaven and earth, planned the site selection, and built the ancient city area that has not changed so far, and the construction of the barracks also had to be planned and selected, because the army is an armed group that performs military tasks, the location of the barracks has its special military requirements, and he is different from factories, schools, and residents. Therefore, terrain, terrain, transportation, rivers, and far away residents have become factors that must be considered in the selection of barracks. In the history of Suzhou, the largest number of barracks were built during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and most of them were concentrated in the Jinchang District in the west of the city.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and the August 13.19Th Route Army lost the Songhu Anti-Japanese War, and the Japanese army soon occupied Suzhou. In order to want to invade and occupy China for a long time, the Japanese army built 6 relatively large barracks in the area of Guangji Road, Kinmen Road, Liuyuan Road, Xiyuan Road and Fengqiao Road in October 1938. At present, there are kinmen Road North Barracks, South Barracks, Fengqiao Road West Barracks, located in Guangji Road has been converted into the City's Third Hospital Barracks, and some of the barracks originally located in the Liuyuan Road Suzhou Switch Factory, Tourism Secondary School, Xiyuan Road Agricultural School. So why did the Japanese build barracks here? In fact, the Japanese army decided after some terrain survey. As aggressors forcibly occupying China, they are afraid in their hearts, and they are always afraid of the Chinese military and civilian counterattack. Therefore, it is impossible to build a barracks in the ancient city area, otherwise the ancient city will only be surrounded by a dead end. Moreover, there is no main road in the ancient city that can be used by a large number of troops and heavy weapons. At that time, Renmin Road was called Wolong Street, only 2-3 meters wide, and the barracks were built in the area of Kinmen Road, Guangji Road, Liuyuan Road, and Fengqiao Road, which actually controlled suzhou's land and water, and could attack the ancient city from the northwest two wings, and retreat from Guangji Road to the railway station, and the waterway was directly connected to the canal from Shangtang River, so the Japanese barracks were almost all next to the waterway and land, and from the distance and layout between the barracks and the barracks, the six barracks showed a triangle, each triangle was one point and two sides, and there was a situation where two wings could be reinforced and flanked. Because the army is concentrated in one place in a large area, it is a taboo for the army to garrison, and at the same time avoid several barracks concentrated on one line and are interspersed and divided.
Old photo of the South Barracks shen Lansheng
According to the 76-year-old Li Jinming, who lived in the Zhangjia Garden outside The Gate of Zhangmen, the Japanese army first occupied the Zhangjia Garden in order to build the South Barracks, and then forcibly drove away his family and more than 40 ordinary people living in the area south of Kinmen Road and north of Lingtangbang. Specifically to drive the people to move their families is the Japanese pseudo-detective team leader Fan Ada, who drove the residents to the lingering garden road west of Changshanbang, living in the area of Banbian Street, and each family gave a little money for moving.
The North Barracks is located north of Kinmen Road, south of Fengqiao Road, west to Tongjing Road, in the 1960s, the author once lived in the North Barracks, according to Fan Caisheng, who lived in Nijiaqiao at the age of 86, he was captured by the Japanese Army and went to the North Barracks as a firefighter, the North Barracks was originally a field of potatoes and wasteland, where the Japanese army built barracks. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the 202nd Division of the Kuomintang Youth Army was garrisoned, and the part of the barracks along Fengqiao Road was once used as an army prison.
The West Barracks covers a large area, east to Tongjing Road, west to West Ring Road, and north to Fengqiao Road. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the old Fifth Regiment was stationed, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the 79th Division of the 27th Army and the 178th Division of the 60th Army were stationed in the First Artillery Regiment. According to the elderly Yuan Shuiyun of the Hunan Guild Hall on the north bank of the Shangtang River, her parents and grandparents all planted yams on the land of the current agricultural school for a living, and in 38 years, the Japanese army built a barracks and set fire to her family's three houses, and her aunt Ye Jinlong was brutally killed by the Japanese army.
Fengqiao Road West Barracks Shen Lansheng photo
North of Lingering Garden Road, south of Half Side Street, east to Shenjiang Restaurant (then a nursery), now tourist secondary school, switch factory, bus repair factory area is also a Japanese military barracks, garrison are cavalry, according to the switch factory some old workers recall, the factory left next to the barracks left by the Japanese army, there are many mangers, there is a barracks used as a maintenance workshop, the author once saw, a two-story Road for the Japanese military barracks original site, demolished in 1996.
Fengqiao Road Japanese artillery tower shooting hole old photo Shen Lansheng
The Japanese barracks on Guangji Road stretched from the moat to the east and Shantang Street to the north, and were the command organs of the Japanese troops stationed in the Soviet Union. At present, the four main buildings are in (now the dean's room and ward of the three hospitals).
Photo by Shen Lansheng, former japanese army headquarters barracks on Guangji Road
Second, the architectural shape is unique
A certain architectural form always serves a certain function, because of the purpose of the builder and the particularity of the army, so several barracks in the west of the city have a unique architectural style:
1, in terms of color, in order to conceal the needs of the military, all kinds of building colors are relatively dim, whether the main building or the auxiliary building is made of green brick gray tiles, the external wall is not painted in any way, Suzhou people call the clear water brick wall.
2, in order to advance and retreat to attack and defend smoothly, each barracks has more than two gates, and unlike the large houses, the front door of the organ school, the back door is small, and the camp gate is almost the same size, mainly for the personnel and horses to enter and exit smoothly. At the east gate of the South Barracks is the Huaiyang River, and in order to directly lead the road, the Japanese army specially built a brick arch Japanese-style flat bridge on the river, and the bridge was called "Ping'an Bridge". The Japanese army often shot and killed mainland compatriots at the side of the bridge, and the local people called this bridge the "Fallen Soul Bridge", which was demolished on September 18, 2003. When the bridge was demolished, the author happened to pass by and picked a brick with the word "Erdian" on it. The west gate of the North Barracks leads directly to Tongjing Road, and in the 1960s, when the new recruits went out to exercise, they ran from this gate to Fengqiao Road.
3. Construct bunkers. The barracks located on Guangji Road was originally the seat of the Japanese army headquarters, from the four ferries to the lime lane, along the east side of the Guangji Road moving factory wall to build five circular reinforced concrete concrete bunkers, each bunker is 1.5 meters above the ground, the shooting hole is aimed at Guangji Road, the pillbox and the bunker have a passage connected, pedestrians can see it when walking on Guangji Road. The northeast corner of the north barracks still has a water tower and gun tower built by the Japanese army, and a building with multiple shooting holes about 15 meters high.
4. Firmly built. These barracks are common on two floors, with green brick cement mortar, a flat solid wall, and a roof covered with large tiles (commonly known as ocean tiles). Houses generally sit north facing south, hard mountain style two-cloak roof north and south falling into the water, almost every brick has words, such as "Zuo heshan, Daxin, Jun, Jian, Ke Eight Jade, Erdian, Sanyu, Xinjian HCT3, Ni Zengmao" and other words. The floor is made of northeast red pine, 60 cm from the ground, the floor and the ground are ventilated with shutters, the upper and lower floors of the house are equipped with corridors facing south, the columns are brick square, and the brick arch frame between the columns is beautiful and strengthens the fastness, and each house has a total of 24 rooms and 48 rooms, each 14 square meters. This is a general barracks, such as an officer's house, a command organ house, and several buildings in the three courtyards, which are very exquisite in terms of building materials, shapes, and specifications, reflecting the level, status, and identity of the house users. After more than 60 years of wind and rain, most of these houses are well preserved, which shows that the design and construction at that time were very quality-oriented, and it was also the result of Chinese laborers who were forced by the Japanese bayonet to build with their lives and blood and sweat. The Japanese barracks in Suzhou is also a historical evidence of the Japanese invasion of China.
The old photo of the Sanxin Hostel on Guangji Road was once taken by Shen Lansheng, a comfort station for the Japanese army
Third, the new appearance of today's military camp
As the saying goes: the soldiers of the iron camp flowing water. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, several PLA troops stationed in the Soviet Union carried out large-scale reconstruction and expansion of barracks left by the former Japanese and Kuomintang troops. In June 1953, the 79th Division of the 27th Army returned from Korea to garrison the North Barracks, the South Barracks, and the West Barracks, that is, to expand the barracks, according to Wu Qizhong, who currently lived in the logistics of the former 79th Division in Caixiang New Village, he and his comrades-in-arms personally participated in the construction, went to Zhejiang to engage in timber, and put wooden rows from the canal to Suzhou. I remember that they built a divisional hall that could accommodate thousands of people, a divisional office building and a part of the barracks, and the bricks and tiles used were produced by the Suzhou Brick and Tile Factory. In 1997, in order to cooperate with the municipal construction, the barracks wall along Fengqiao Road was indented 1.5 meters inward. In 2000, a modern-style supporting army building was built in the South Barracks.
In 2003, in order to support the construction of municipal transportation in Suzhou, part of the barracks were demolished in the middle of the South Barracks to build a Guangnan South Road directly leading to Ganjiang Road. At present, Guangjinan Road has formed a street in the building materials market.
Photographed by Shen Lansheng of Kinmen Road North Barracks
The troops stationed in the Soviet Union have made positive contributions to the prosperity of the economy of their second hometown, and what is even more admirable is that several officers and men of the soviet troops have planted a large number of Metasequoia and camphor trees around the camp. At present, these trees have grown into forests, the whole camp is lined with trees, birds and flowers, and the temperature in the camp area is 2 degrees lower than that of other places in the middle of summer, and the military camp has shown a new look of the times under the management of the people's army.