Li Shangyin went to the Three Songs of the Yuan Festival, talking about the Zigu of the Lantern Festival, and the Zigu of Li Shangyin
The First Yuan Festival is the Lantern Festival. The reason why it is called Shangyuan Festival is that the Tang Dynasty Taoists founded the country, respected Taoism as the state religion, and the birthdays of The Taoist Officials and Water Officials were called Shangyuan Festival, Zhongyuan, and Xiayuan Festival, and the birth days of the three officials were the fifteenth, fifteenth, and fifteenth months of the first month of the lunar calendar, and these three days were called "Shangyuan Festival", "Zhongyuan Festival" and "Xiayuan Festival".
But in fact, the sacrifice and liveliness of the fifteenth day of the first month did not start from the Tang Dynasty, but was much older, but the Tang Dynasty was more systematic.
The fifteenth day of the first lunar month originated from the ancient worship and worship of the moon and stars.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worshipped the Polaris god Taiyi, formulated the Taichu Calendar, and changed the Yuan Taichu Year. The primeval calendar begins with the month of January, and Taiyi is the supreme deity that protects the country. Every year, on the first day of the first month, the most solemn national sacrifice is held, an altar is set up, and the god Taiyi is worshipped with a clear spring, and from dusk to morning, seventy boys and girls in green clothes continue to sacrifice and dance, singing the solemn sacrifice songs representing the four seasons.
It's at the national level and the whole month is worth celebrating and reveling.
Then the folk, the new year and the new spring, in addition to continuing the various traditions of the folk customs, but also increasing the content, and the local folk Taoism combined. For example, so-and-so meets immortals, for example, so-and-so is a god.
Zigu is definitely a Taoist fairy. At this time, the Han Dynasty was popular in heaven with the Queen Mother, the Jade Daughter, and the Shangyuan Lady.
By the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Zigu" was prevalent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Jiangnan region.
In the Southern Dynasty Liang Zongyi's "Records of the Jingchu Years", there is the fifteenth day of the first month: "On the eve of the first month, greet Zigu, and take advantage of the future silkworm mulberry and occupy the affairs of the people." "It shows that in the folk, a grand ceremony to greet the purple goddess has been formed. The countryside welcomed Zigu because she managed various things of silkworms and pastoral families, such as the use of devotional divination to obtain her enlightenment.
However, regarding the origin of Zigu, there are other appendages in the folk. It is said that she was a kind concubine who was jealous of the eldest woman, was abused by the eldest woman, and died on the fifteenth day of the first month, and later God took pity on her and made her a god and blessed the family home. However, such a statement only makes this god more human-friendly. But I believe this statement is only one of them. Because it was obvious that Zigu was in charge of the affairs of nongsang's homeland, and was at the level of empress dowager. This is a continuation of the ancient worship of the silkworm agricultural goddess.
On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Tang Dynasty, the royal family and the major provincial courts would have festivals to sacrifice the Yuan Tianguan, and even the emperor himself participated.
The people are more lively, and the huge parade greets the Purple Goddess, blessing the year with smooth wind and rain and the well-being of the family.
But for Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty, he was familiar with mythological history and folklore.
His three poems on the Yuan Festival all involve Zigu, and he himself has the experience of learning the Tao, how does he think of Zigu?
"The immortal signs are long, and the road is delayed."
When the year returns to Biluo, this road to the imperial capital.
The news period is green sparrow, and every time it is greeted by a different purple girl.
The intestines returned to the Chu Kingdom Dream, and the heart broke the Han Palace Witch.
The widow is confused, and the phoenix is resentful.
However, under the peach, Fang Shuo is a madman. "Don · Excerpt from Li Shangyin's "The Temple of the Holy Virgin"
This is a poem written by Li Shangyin in the early spring of the 25-year-old day on the Dasanguan Road to Chang'an, where there is a shrine of the Holy Virgin. A year earlier, Li Shangyin had ascended to the throne, but he was not happy because he remembered his long-lost lover.
Li Shangyin's love affair with Nü Dao originated during the Yuyang Mountain Monasticism. In fact, Taoism does not prevent Taoists from falling in love and getting married. But the problem was that the other party was a high-ranking maid of the princess and not an ordinary person. Although this status occupies a certain high position and rank in the Taoist Temple, as court women, they are often bought slaves or have personal attachments.
This matter ended with the opposition of the princess. Subsequently, the woman was transferred back to the capital and isolated from Li Shangyin. Li Shangyin originally wanted to enter the career path with the Daoist Ming Examination, but obviously this matter had a great impact on him, and he turned to sprinting for the imperial examination. Although he was on the list, Li Shangyin was emotionally lost and unhappy.
This is another year on the First Day, although he went to the capital, but the mentor Ling Huchu passed away, he went to the funeral, and the woman he loved may be difficult to see for life, standing on this early spring mountain road, there is still a sense of the future, and the only clear thing is the pain of the lover's separation.
I saw this virgin's shrine in the midst of this lofty mountain, which is my vast guest path. When will I be able to have that true sense of freedom? This road leads to Chang'an.
I am waiting for your news, pinned on the blue sparrow that is not in this world, and my meeting with you is even more slim than that of ordinary people greeting Zigu.
I am like Qu Yuan, who was exiled, who understands his pathos, my heart is worried about you, you are like a witch locked in the court of the Han Dynasty.
I am like a lonely bird lost in these mountains and valleys, you are like a beautiful trapped phoenix, there is no good sycamore to inhabit.
I was thinking, if we can be in the eternal heaven, you must be the Ah Huan girl under the peach tree, I am the Oriental Shuo who loves you.
This love affair affected Li Shangyin's life.
"Yesterday the Purple Gu God went also, and now the blue bird makes it on credit."
The unspoken words are still scattered, and the reunion is less than enough to complain.
In February and August, the shadow of the wheel toad was broken, and the thirteen-stringed pillar geese were oblique.
What's more after pingming bell, laughing at the plum tree flowers by the wall. Don · Li Shangyin,"Yesterday"
This is also on the morning of the sixteenth day of the first month, yesterday is the fifteenth day of the first month, that last night the Purple Gu God left, this morning I was still waiting for the blue bird to send a message, but there was no message from the Purple Gu for a long time.
On the fifteenth day of the first month, the purple goddess of folklore descended, and Li Shangyin really believed it, did he really see it?
I didn't talk to the Purple Gu God, because the time to meet was too short, only a little reunion time, enough to make people complain and sigh.
Can't talk, it can be said that please immortals do not meet, everyone is busy making wishes, but also said reunion, this is the obvious family and husband and wife language.
Who is Zigu, isn't she a goddess who can't be seen or touched? Why did Li Shangyin use reunion?
In the second half of the fifteenth night, when the moon was at its most complete, it had been broken, and the geese flew toward the sky.
But I kept watching until dawn, smiling and leaning against the plum blossoms by the wall, contentment, waiting and reminiscing.
Actually reading this, we have understood that this is a love and even a love poem.
So on the fifteenth day of the first month, who else can be called Zigu?
It was his lover and lover. He thought that he would see his lover for an indefinite period of time, but he still met. Where?
Then the fifteenth day of the first month of the Tang Dynasty was an important festival of Taoism, especially in the Tang Dynasty, and the emperor often led the royal family members and hundreds of officials to sacrifice on this day. And Li Shangyin's lover, because he was a close attendant of the princess of the monastic path, had a very high status and also appeared at such a grand event.
The unexpected encounter made Li Shangyin ecstatic.
It was a long goodbye reunion, on the fifteenth day of the gorgeous and lively first month, but in an instant, they both understood each other.
Why is reunion used? It's that they've had stories before, had love, and even had marital commitments, and then forced apart. And the brief encounter rekindled inner beauty and expectation. At least for Li Shangyin.
He met her again, and although he expected a response from her soon, it was already satisfying. Satisfied with excitement for a night, until she had left with the princess's honor guard Luan, he was not tired, and leaned against the blossoming plum trees on the side of the road. How long had he not been so happy?
At least she is still alive, she is actually in Chang'an, she is fine, what a great touch and happiness.
Li Shangyin's Purple Gu God is obviously not the toilet god of folklore.
His use of Zigu is a fairy allusion of Shangcheng and a beautiful legend of the appearance of the folk fifteen purple goddesses, and he himself has been with the jade girl, in terms of love, he and her compare themselves to the fairy jade lang, he has such a confidence, but also has such a beauty.
"The moonlight is full of imperial capitals, and the fragrant car Baoyuan Passes through the qu."
Idle and not to see the prosperity of the middle, shame on the villager Sai Zigu. "Don · Li Shangyin, "On the fifteenth night of the first month, I can't wait to see the lights in Beijing"
Li Shangyin's mother died, and he returned to his hometown in Henan to keep the system for three years, and then left the bustling capital.
It is the fifteenth day of the first month of the year again, in the countryside, the fifteenth day of the first month is also very lively, and the folk have major sacrifices and parades to welcome the purple goddess, as well as various temple fairs.
But for Li Shangyin, the bustle and prosperity of Chang'an and the fifteenth day of the first month of the capital are the most beautiful, of course, more beautiful, is that there is his soul lover, the woman he has always called by the most beautiful name, Calyx Luhua, Zigu, Chang'e, Su Nu, she is in Chang'an, in the bright lights of Chang'an, although she is a Taoist woman, but the kind of magnificence that is proficient in classics, and his wordless love, is also the reason why he lingers in the imperial capital indefinitely.
Acacia is the most beautiful, and the fifteenth day of the first month in the capital of acacia has also become a beautiful background in the long-distance and memories.
It is in the relatively barren countryside of Henan that the fifteenth day of the first month of Chang'an is particularly brilliant.
Presumably, the moonlight, up and down, shone brightly in the capital, and on the bustling road, the fragrant car BMW made all the roads crowded. This year is another year in which the country has won the battle and celebrated peace. It's just that I'm stuck here and can't feel that kind of revelry.
I did not want to follow the folk customs of the countryside, and with a sense of loss, I went to see the bustle of the Purple Goddess.
Yes, although Chang'an is not Li Shangyin's hometown, there are his dreams, his family, his concerns, and the love he hides in his heart to feel the heartbeat.
The ceremony of welcoming the gods of the purple girls in the countryside was foolish and funny in Li Shangyin's view. Because even if there was a god, it was his fairy, and she was standing on the high ground of the Taoist Temple in Chang'an City, dressed in purple, and only he knew that there was still softness in her heart, exclusive to him.
Li Shangyin is one of the few poets who constantly emphasizes Shangyuan and Zigu in his poems, and it is obvious that this festival and the story of the festival that happened are very important to him, and the first full moon of that year, always because of the existence of love, is exceptionally beautiful.
Some people say that the Lantern Festival is China's Valentine's Day, and Li Shangyin is the first person to write about love on the Lantern Festival.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you.