Jinan's ancient Lantern Festival, how did people spend this festival?

According to the Jinan Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism:

Shangyuan Bamboo Branch: An all-round display of the Lantern Festival style in the early Qing Dynasty in Jinan

Lantern Festival, the ancients called the Upper Yuan Festival. This festival has been a very grand festival for the Chinese people since ancient times.

In Jinan, in the Qing Dynasty, how did people spend this festival? What are its unusual customs? This holiday season is approaching, and this article is intended to share it with readers as far as the literature is concerned.

Moat | Photography: Shao Kai

According to Qianlong's "Chronicle of Licheng County, Regional Examination III":

"On the first night, the lights are displayed and the flowers are torched; the men and women swim in groups, which is called: walking a hundred diseases." Cross the bridge and put river lights. It is also a month, the female quit the needle worker, the boy enters the villa, and the farmer is in the house. ”

During the Kangxi Dynasty, the famous poet Tang Mengzhao of Jinan Province wrote "Jinan Shangyuan Bamboo Branch Words", and there were as many as fourteen poems.

What is valuable is that the poems are not only written on the first night, but from day to night, from officials to the people, from the city to the scenic spots, from the costumes to the lights, and men, women and children, one by one. It can be called an all-round description and display of the lively and chaotic situation of the Jinan Lantern Festival between the Kangxi Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty.

Tang Mengzhao (1627-1698) character Jiwu, Lanting, Leopard Rock. A native of Zichuan County, Jinan Province, Qing Dynasty. In the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi (1649), he entered the priesthood and changed his name to Shu Jishi, and three years later he was promoted to hanlin academy for review. After shangshu said things, he was accused of "cutting straight" with his words, and after he was dismissed from office, he returned to his hometown happily and devoted himself to writing. He is the author of the "Zhiyuantang Collection" and the compilation of Kangxi's "Chronicle of Jinan Province" and "Chronicle of Zichuan County". Gong Shiwen, Wang Shichen called it: "Poetry near the eastern slope, literary Mengzhuang", hundreds of thousands of words written in his life, are extremely poor and mysterious, and they have become a family.

The following are Tang Mengzhao's "Jinan Shangyuan Bamboo Branch Words" (fourteen songs):

Seventy springs sell wine flags, and Quehu Lake wind ripples green ponds.

The western suburbs are popular with tourists, and Baotu Spring looks at the imperial monument.

Thousand Buddhas Spirit Rock all the way green, Five Peaks Daoist Night Bullet Sutra.

Qian Xiangma idle drums, worship to the Tiansun Puzhao Pavilion Taishan to build the pavilion.

The military fu did his best to dismiss Pu Pu, and the father and the old man were drunk and supported.

After yu qi li li three arrows, the idle patrol squad strictly prohibited Jin Wu Zhang Zhong Cheng Nanming, and the first was that the Bo disciples disappeared.

Xie Feng disarmed Taiping Autumn, more than eleven years of this tour.

The ancestral temple is always urging the community drum, and the sheng song always makes The Shou Ting Hou.

Fangs Mask Dancer Dang, untie the Junnan Jinshi busy.

Where is the sheng zhen, the head is wrapped in a high bun and the king.

Cui Skirt covered her sleeves and laughed low, and the trickster was a cluster of bunting flags on the street.

The head trembled and shook on the shoulders, and the old sideburns of Jiang Po were like silk.

The song waited for the moon to rise, and the detachment temporarily jumped the rope.

A burst of incense street shocked Yule, and the dragon lantern danced from Jiangbei.

Zhuan Ma Ao Shan is too mature, and the sarong face is written cui ying.

Who illusioned a good craftsman, a few trees of grapes lake Shi Ming.

The paddle fishing boat went back to the back, and the small cup in the corner of the Song Yin Temple.

Where the Ming Lake is good, the Arctic High Platform Gurudwara Temple comes.

Customs and incense do not go out, Guo Lang Bao old hustle and bustle.

Panhua smelting clothes whose son, liquor store hanging curtains ten times.

He also made a song feast to see Xiao Ling, and painted the screen Zhuhai to illuminate the stars.

Wen Company Ma Chunlian is good, straight as the motto of Hengqu is called Sima Ting.

Do not reduce the old drunkards of Shanyang, and the young skirts are embraced.

Hulu catches dust and idle things, and remembers Mr. Dong by reminiscing about Chun Gundamfu.

The white snow high-rise building picked up the Lu Ancestral Hall and asked the mountain pavilion to write a poem yesterday.

Shaolingzi gutangtang went, selling cakes is difficult to find old waiters.

Zhao Ling Garden offers Buddha, and Furong Beizhu has many closed doors.

Happy to have the east flowing water, every time you have to raise the whip to carry wine over the Zhang Surabaya Garden Pavilion.

The Qing dynasty edition of the "Later Collection of ZhiYuantang" Volume V

Photography: Shao Kai

According to Tang Menglai's "Zhiyuantang Collection", this poem was written in Bingyin, that is, the first month of the twenty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1686), more than 330 years ago.

The first sentence of the first song is: "Seventy springs sell wine flags", showing the typical weather of the Jinan Lantern Festival: large and small spring liquor stores, almost all of which flutter with wine flags and liquor masks that attract customers, jinan people use clear spring water to brew fine wine, has become the main theme of the festival, with today's fashionable words, this is the prosperity of the "spring water economy". This scene, together with the so-called "Imperial Monument" inscribed by Kangxi on baotu Spring, became the most eye-catching thing in the Lantern Festival.

The second song: "Thousand Buddhas Spirit Rock All the Way Green", is the green scenery of Jinan in early spring. However, the poem focuses on the "Gurudwara" activities of the Jinan people from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. According to Qianlong's "Chronicle of Licheng County, Regional Examination III": "Meng Chunyue ... Pray to the gods and feast on relatives and friends. "This team of gurudwara, from The Thousand Buddha Mountain, Lingyan Temple, Wufeng Mountain, and all the way to Mount Tai in Jinan, can be described as spectacular.

The third song: "The military symbol is to dismiss the pu", it is written that gambling is strictly prohibited during the festival, and the same is true in normal times. It is worth noting that this does not affect people's banquet and entertainment activities in the slightest, and look, "father and elder idle street drunk support", this drunken state, it can be seen that Jinan fathers and elders are all in the atmosphere of "addiction" at the festival.

The fourth song: "Xie Feng Jie Jia Taiping Autumn", the era entered the middle of the Kangxi Dynasty, the people have not had a peaceful day without war for decades, and Tang Mengzhao has not spent the Lantern Festival in the provincial city for more than ten years. And the above talks about the vast "Gurudwara" activities of the People of Jinan, but who is the most powerful god? It was Guan Yu and Guan Sheng Emperor Jun, and Marquis of Hanshouting was his title. In the Beijing opera "Ganlu Temple", Qiao Guolao has a large singing voice that no one knows: "He (Liu Bei) has a second brother Han Shouting Marquis, and the green dragon and the moon god are all worried." The most admired quality of Jinan people is: righteousness. There are many Guandi temples in Jinan, because Guan Yu's magnificent righteousness has impressed and infected the Jinan people who are revered and righteous. "Rich and noble cannot be adulterous, poor and lowly cannot be moved, and mighty cannot be bent", Guan Yu is the full embodiment of these supreme and rigid spirits.

The fifth song, "Fangs Mask Dance Lang Dang", depicts the scene of the Jinan people hanging bells during the festival and dancing the bells and dancing to pray for blessings and exorcisms. "Zhongnan Jinshi", Zhong Kui Zhiya, Zhong Kui was a native of the ancient city of Zhongnan in Yongzhou in the early Tang Dynasty, with a strange appearance, and was named "The Blessed Saint King of the Town House" in Taoism.

The sixth song: "Cui Skirt Covers Sleeves and Laughter Is Low", is a lively scene that shows the folk costume play of the Lantern Festival. However, the most familiar and appreciated by the common people is "Jiang Lao's back Jiang Po", these burlesque performances that show the love of ordinary people's husband and wife are the most grounded, no wonder the girl in the green dress who usually laughs and can't help but cover her sleeves and smile in a low voice!

Photography: Chopping Cloud Sword

The seventh song: "Stepping on the song and waiting for the moon to rise", says that people are anxiously waiting for the night to come to appreciate the moment of the lights, at this time, but there is no "miracle" appeared - it was the afternoon of the sunset obliquely illuminated, people were divided into teams to do the game of "jumping rope", and suddenly on the "fragrant street" full of new year flavor, there was enough to alarm the movement of the carriage, jade, jade horsebit, pointing to the horse; it turned out that the big team of dragon lanterns had come to the horse. Dragon Dance Lantern is a traditional dance that originated in China, dragon dance and lion dance, and the style is heroic and vigorous. Take Gangnam as the winner. And Jinan was very popular three hundred years ago.

The eighth song: "Zhuan Ma AoShan is too mature", it is finally the turn to enjoy the lanterns. Aoshan Mountain, a mountain made of lanterns stacked on top of each other during the Lantern Festival, resembles the legendary giant ao. Obviously, this is a large flower lantern group. As for the individual various lanterns, people's favorite is the story of Xi Xiangji, with the love story of Cui Yingying and Zhang Sheng as the content theme of the most lanterns, which also shows the romance and sentimentality of Jinan people, especially the yearning and pursuit of a beautiful love life. The Lantern Festival is a time for skilled craftsmen to show their skills. What tang Menglai praised was the beautiful shape of crystal grapes hanging on the shore of Daming Lake on the green trees, cleverly integrated with the green trees, and we can no longer describe the shape of these lights, and can only be imagined through Tang's verses: "Who illusions a good craftsman, a few trees of grapes lake Shiming."

The ninth song: "Swinging paddle fishing boat to return", but it is a stroke, writing about the Lantern Festival scenery of Daming Lake. At the corner of the Songyin Hall of Daming Lake, there are people who drink cups and have fun at festivals, especially before and after the "Gurudwara" of the Arctic Temple, they will enjoy the food of "picking green". Qingming eats snail lions and uses needles to pick out the snail lion meat, which is called "picking green". Because of the snail lion before the Qingming Dynasty, the meat is fat and tender, and the taste is the best. This is Daming Lake and Jinan's natural specialty as a water town.

The tenth song: "Customs and fragrances do not go out", refers to the cultural entertainment activities of the tea garden of the liquor store during the Festival in Jinan.

"Guo Lang" and "Bao Lao" are the two titles for puppets in puppet plays, which refer to rap arts such as songwriting and song. At this time, although the custom of Jinan is that "fragrant boudoirs do not go out", those young literati and inkers are riding on the festival, and they have to drink and sing songs and play crazy.

Photograph: Chen Cheng

The eleventh and twelfth poems are about the festive life of two high-ranking officials and poets, Sun Guangqi and Gao Heng.

After the bingbu attendant Sun Guangqi (号怍庭) took office, his home was in Sima Mansion (opposite the present-day Quancheng Road Department Store Building), and there was a Villa in Yanxi Village in the north of Jinan City, and he would from time to time hold a song feast sung by singers (Xiao Ling) to persuade wine, and his later poet Wang Yisheng had "Manting Fang Guo Sun Yiting Nianbo Villa Left Title", saying that he "cast idle washing, red sleeves dancing neon clothes" and "xi zunqian, spotted clothes, jade trees and green trees" (see The Qing carved version of "Meiting Xiaocao"), which describes his song feast scenes. However, Sun Guangqi also has expertise that is not known to today's people, from this poem, he is like the Song Dynasty "Wen Gong" Sima Guang, is a master of writing the Spring League, he inscribed the Spring League, can be compared with "Mr. Hengqu", Hengqu, Northern Song Dynasty thought everyone Zhang Zai is also, his famous words: "For the heavens and the earth to establish a heart, for the people to establish a destiny, for the saints to continue to learn, for the world to open the peace", by the contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan called "Hengqu Four Sentences".

And the official waiter Gao Heng Gao Niandong, is another kind of character image, "do not reduce the old shanyang drunkard, the young skirt and the sandals embrace the dang", which shows its extraordinary style of informality and even my own way, and the "young skirts" also see its youth and immortality, especially the pursuit and enthusiasm for beauty, which is really "different" among high-ranking officials. And this alternative requires real skills to learn, especially for the unique perception of aesthetic life.

(To be continued)

Author: Hou Lin Hou Huan

Source: Feng Xiang Li