Each professional field has its basic knowledge, for children who learn music, learn a certain degree, it should also have a complete basic knowledge, the following 60 have you understood? Learning, self-testing are good references, get up ~
1: Tone
it is a physical phenomenon. Sound waves are produced when objects vibrate, which are transmitted through the air to the eardrums, and are perceived as sound through the reflections of the brain.
The sound that a person can hear is about 16-2000 vibrations per second, and the sound used in music (without sound) is generally limited to the range of 27-4100 vibrations per second. The height, intensity, length, and timbre of the sound depend on the vibration of the object.
2: Tone-color
Sensory properties of finger sounds. The vibration of the pronunciation body is composed of a variety of harmonic sounds, including the bass and overtones, and the timbre is determined by the number of overtones and the relative intensity between the overtones. People's ability to distinguish timbres is innate, and the colors of music are divided into human voice colors and instrumental timbres. The human voice is divided into high, medium and low tones, and there are male and female distinctions; instrumental timbres are mainly divided into stringed instruments and wind instruments, and the timbres of various percussion instruments are different.
3: Resonance
Resonance refers to a vibration. When one body of pronunciation vibrates, it causes vibrations from other objects and emits a sound that resonates.
4: Fundamental tone
The lowest frequency sound emitted when an object vibrates is a fundamental tone, and the rest is a harmonic tone. The base tone determines the pitch.
5: Harmonic overtone
Except for the lowest sound produced by the overall vibration of the pronunciation body, the basis is the standard, and the remaining 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and other parts are used
It is also vibrating at the same time, which is a harmonic. The combination of harmonics determines a particular timbre and makes one clearly feel the loudness of the base tone. Instruments and all sounds in nature have overtones.
6: Pitch
Pitch is expressed in terms of the number of vibrations per second. More frequencies are pitched, and less frequencies are low. At present, the international standard sound "a" is a sound that vibrates 440 times per second.
7: Pitch name
A phonetic name refers to a name that represents a fixed pitch in western music. These names are not uniform and vary from country to country. Widely adopted: C D E F G A B.
8: Syllable names
Roll call refers to the name of each note on a scale. Usually use 1do, 2re, 3mi, 4fa, 5sol, 6la, 7si. The principal in major is 1do, and the main in minor is 6la.
9: Compass
The range between the lowest and highest notes that a vocal or instrument can achieve is called the range. The vocal range can be divided into a total range and individual ranges, vocals, and instrument ranges.
10: Tonality
Tonality refers to the type of mode and the height of the main tone. In the piece, the main note is the core of the melody and harmony, and the other notes are subordinate to it and finally terminate on the main note. Such a piece of music is a tonal piece of music.
11: Scale
The notes in the finger equation start from a certain pitch, that is, from the main tone, and arrange the notes from low to high in the order of pitch, such a sequence is called a scale. Scales from low to high are called upwards, and from high to low are called downwards. What we call scales today is dominated by the most common major scales (major key) and minor scales (minor).
12: Pentatonic scale
A scale of five tones. It is mostly used in the mode of ethnic music. Such as: do, re, mi, sol, la, (do).
13: Major mode
A type of mode. The seven-tone scale, whose spacing of adjacent two tones is divided into full tone and semitone. Except for the third and fourth tones and the seventh and eighth tones, which are semitones, the rest of the scales are full tones. The color in major is more pronounced.
14: Minor mode
A type of mode in which the seven-tone scale has four forms: "natural minor", "harmony minor", "melodic minor", and "modern minor scale". The color of the minor key is generally larger and dull, and is often used to express sad and melancholy emotions. The two-three-two-note interval between the natural minor (minor scale) and the semitone between the five-six-tone two-note.
15: Just intonation
It is different from the law of twelve averages. The relationship between each note and the principal in the scale is a pure interval. Because the chromatic tone thus formed cannot be divided into averages, it cannot be arbitrarily transposed, and has now been eliminated by history.
16: Key-note
The first note in the mode scale.
A type of temperament. Divide an octave into twelve semitones, and the intervals of the semitones are equal. Pianos, harps and other instruments are set in accordance with this law.
17: Semi tone, Whole tone
Divide an octave into twelve equal parts, each semitone, and two semitones are equivalent to full tones. Semitones are equivalent to minor seconds, and full tones are equivalent to large seconds.
18: Concord and dissonance intervals
（Consonant,Dissonance）
According to the degree of concord, it can be divided into complete harmonic intervals (pure 1, 4, 5, 8 degrees) and incomplete harmonic intervals (large, small 3, 6 degrees). Other than that, they are all dissonant intervals.
19: Interval
Refers to the distance between two tones. The unit in which the interval is calculated is called "degree", and the inclusion of a few syllables between two tones is called a few degrees. Intervals with the same degree have differences in purity, large, small, increase, decrease, and so on because of the number of semitones and full tones they contain.
20: Tweleve-tone system (tweleve-tone system)
One of the modernist composing techniques. Founded in 1921 by the Austrian composer Schönberg. The composer abandons the traditional system of modes, tonalities, and harmonies, arbitrarily arranging the twelve tones in a chromatic scale into a one-year column, and then processing them in reverse, retrograde, etc., and no one can be repeated unless all the tones have appeared.
21: Prentatonic scale
There are five tones within the octave, which is called the "five-tone scale".
22: Diationic scale
There are seven tones within the octave, which is called the "seven-tone scale".
23: Dynamics
Dynamics refers to the intensity of the sound when playing or singing a piece of music. It is expressed by a force notation, such as f (strong), p (weak), < (crescend), > (fade), and so on.
24: inderterminate pitch
Sounds that do not have a clear pitch in the song are called indefinite pitches. It is actually noise, which originally did not belong to the scope of the movement. It is commonly used by modernist composers, such as the sound of sawing wood, folding paper, typing, sweeping, tapping, booing, whistling, and so on.
25: Asymmetric rhythm
Also known as "polyrhythm". In the same phrase or bar, the rhythm of the various parts is not consistent, or in the same bar, the time values that make up the beats are inconsistent. Broadly speaking, polyphonic music is a singular rhythm. The bizarre rhythm used by modernist composers is a highly complex rhythm.
26: Synopation
A rhythm that changes the position of the strong and weak beats in the bar. The format is as follows:
(1) The weak beat continues to the strong beat position;
(2) Rest strong shooting position;
(3) The weak beat sound is changed to a strong beat.
27: Atonality
Refers to the composition of the song without a certain tonal basis.
28: Parallel fifths
The two parts of the piece are separated by pure fifth degrees and are performed in parallel. Since the fifteenth century, it has been stipulated in both countertality and harmony that the occurrence of parallel five degrees should be avoided.
29: Parallel diminished seventh
One of the ways chords are performed. The minus seven chord is composed of four consecutive small three degrees of superposition, which is characterized by no clear tendency, and the minus seven chord appears continuously without solving, that is, "parallel minus seven chord".
30: Rhythm
The basic factors that make up a musical composition are the height of the musical tone, the time value of the movement (including rest), and the strength of the musical tone. Manifested in terms of time and strength, that is, the regular prioritization of musical tones, called rhythm.
31: Beats
A rhythmic sequence that appears periodically in a song.
32: Tonic keynote
The center tone of a modality is called the "main tuning".
33: Homophony
The symmetry of polyphonic and monotonic music. A type of multi-voice music. The melody (melody) is carried out with one part, and the rest of the parts occupy the position of harmonic background.
34: Chromatic scale
The spacing of adjacent bintones is "semitone", which is called "semitone scale".
35: whole-tone sacale
The spacing of adjacent bintones is a full tone, which is called "full tone scale".
36: Cadenza
Brilliant improvisational passages inserted at the end of the piece. The soloist improvises his playing skills. Composers and performers often write colorful sections for the works of others.
37: Part (voice)
Refers to the melodic lines that are performed simultaneously in a re-ensemble, chorus, ensemble, and ensemble. For example, the string quartet has four voices of the first violin, the second violin, viola and cello; the mixed chorus has four voice parts: soprano, soprano, tenor and bass.
38: Modulation
The music changes tonality as it progresses. Transposition is one of the important composing techniques. Simple transpositions often rotate between near relationships.
39: Beat
The unit time value of the bar. The beat structure of the bars is represented by a time signayure.
40: Harmony
Musical tones of different heights are pronounced at the same time, which is called harmony. The objects of study of harmonics are: the structure of chords, the continuous law of chords, the functional properties of chords in music, and harmony is an important part of composition techniques.
41: Chord
The structural unit of harmony. In a natural scale harmony system, chords are formed by three consecutive superpositions of each note on a scale. The tritonic is superimposed, that is, a three-tone chord, which is composed of C, E, and G, and it belongs to the seventh chord, which is composed of G, B, D, and F.
42: Altered chord (Chromaytic chord)
The composition of the chords has a sound that is not homologous, which is called a change chord. The transmutation chords are often used as preparation for transposition.
43: Monophony
Single melody music. The symmetry of polyphonic and main-key music. That is, there is no conjunctive part, accent sentence and accompaniment, etc., only a simple melodic line. Ancient music, and most folk songs, is monotonous.
44: Polyphony
The symmetry of monotonous and main music. Music consisting of more than two parts that are independent of each other and perform simultaneously according to harmonic laws. Its nature is basically the same as that of "counterpoint music".
45: Compound counterpoint
Where the voice parts of the counterpoint music can be transposed high and low, they are collectively referred to as complex counterpoints. According to the number of voice parts, the complex alignment can be divided into double alignment, triple alignment, quadruple alignment and so on.
46: Compass
The tonal breadth of vocals or instruments is often expressed in its high and low polar tones. Various ranges of sounds, the sound quality of each part is not the same, this part, called the register, in the human voice is called the sound area.
47: Intreval
The pitch gap between two notes. The number of progressions between two notes of natural scale, including the marginal poles, is usually measured.
48: Pitch
The absolute height of the musical tone on the scale. Such as C tone, D tone, etc. Physically, the pitch is determined by the vibrational frequency of the pronounced body, and psychologically, the pitch is slightly affected by the loudness of the sound.
49: Tone (idiom)
The musical style unique to a certain era, ethnicity, region, genre, and composer. Such as the tone of a folk song of a certain ethnic group or a certain person.
50: Scale
The tones used in music, according to certain laws, are arranged in high and low order within the octave, that is, the scale. All the peoples of the world
Districts, all with their own unique scales.
51: Bel canto
One of the vocal performance styles. Popular in Italy in the eighteenth century. Singers pursue the beauty of sound quality, nature and the gorgeousness and brilliance of singing performances, while ignoring the expression of word meaning and feelings. Composers known for their use of bel canto include Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and others. The operas they compose are often called "bel canto operas".
52: Orchestration
One of the components of the compositional method. Refers to the coordination of various instruments in an instrumental ensemble. Its content points are the performance of various musical instruments, the timbre contrast and coordination effect of various instruments, and the unified effect of the original sound of the music. Orchestration is often used for ready-made music in addition to initial writing
Instrumentation, such as piano music, ensembles, etc., is adapted into orchestral music.
53: Mode
It is based on which to form the base of the song. One of the tones is central, and the remaining tones are dependent on that central tone. The center tone of a modality is called the "main tuning". The pitch of the main tuning is expressed as "tonality". The composition of a piece without a certain tonal basis is called "atonality"; those who base on two tonalities at the same time are called "multiple tonalities".
54: Melody
The tones of different heights and different time values are connected back and forth, that is, the melody. The elements of the melody are one is the pitch and the other is the rhythm. The more primitive music has a public melody, or even only rhythm. Modern music also has novel effects such as harmony and orchestration while ignoring melody.
55: The basic means of expression of music
The basic means of expression of music are:
(1). Melody, rhythm, beat, speed;
(2). Harmony, harmony;
(3). Strength;
56: Classification of music
(1) Music can be divided into: monophonic music, . Polyphonic music, main key music.
(2) Music can be divided into pure music, title music, light music, and jazz music according to its nature.
57: Musical system
The sum of the fixed-pitched tones used in music is called the musical system.
58: Tone mark
If the change mark is used in the whole piece, so that every specified note in the piece is raised or lowered, then the change mark is called the key sign.
59: Tempo
Even alternation of strong and weak beats. There are many different combinations of beats, called "beats", and the normal rhythm is to follow one
Fixed beats are performed.
60: Tune
A tune is a line of sound composed of a certain relationship between high and low, length and strength. It is the most important means of shaping the image of music, and it is the soul of music.