Qilu Network And Lightning News, February 3 (Shandong Tv Comprehensive Broadcasting Lu Yiting) This year's Spring Festival, "tiger" has become a "star" element in cultural products, and various products have emerged in an endless stream. In Weifang Gaomi, a mighty and colorful mud tiger "shouted" very loudly during this Spring Festival, which is the national intangible cultural heritage project "Niejiazhuang Clay Sculpture", which has lasted for more than 400 years and has been rejuvenated and rejuvenated.
In the home of Nie Peng, the heir of the national intangible cultural heritage Niejiazhuang clay sculpture, there are clay sculptures that have been completed and have not yet been completed - the "calling tiger" with raised eyebrows, the strange and dexterous "shaking monkey", as well as the ladies and luohans... Nie Peng introduced that the clay sculpture tiger - "called tiger" is the explosive model of this year's Spring Festival: "The tiger is the king of the hundred beasts, with the meaning of town house, warding off evil spirits and ensuring peace, and the clay sculpture in the shape of the tiger before and after the Spring Festival of the Year of the Tiger is the most popular." Compared with the same period last year, the number of clay sculptures we sold has almost doubled, and the price has increased by 40%. ”
Taking soil, mud, making blanks... Pieces of seemingly ordinary mud need to go through more than a dozen processes to transform into lifelike clay sculpture artworks, and Nie Peng's ingenuity and wisdom make the old craft blossom into new flowers. "I have innovated in color and pattern design, changing the original mud tiger from the five major colors to the current gold that symbolizes wealth, and some are created with red as the background color, adding some auspicious words that people usually like to the clay sculpture details."
It is such a road of innovation that Nie Peng has explored for 12 years. In 2010, after Nie Peng took the baton from his father Nie Chenxi, he has been thinking about how to continue the vitality of traditional clay sculptures, and this development model has been recognized by Nie Chenxi, who can't help but sigh that "the spring of the craftsmen has come": "I see that he has been doing these years, the traditional technology is more mature, and the two of them have studied and discussed the new shape of the clay sculpture together, because you can only do traditional modeling, and if you want to live by this craft, you must inherit the tradition and innovate." ”
However, in the last Year of the Tiger, when Nie Peng wanted to specialize in clay sculpture, Nie Chenxi thought that "there is no future in eating handicraft rice" and resolutely opposed him to join: "At that time, we gaomi and even the whole of Weifang did not have such a young artist as him, because there was no money to make a lot of money doing this, and there was no way to support the family." ”
Now, through Nie Peng's efforts, he has dispelled his father's concerns, and his career has flourished. However, as the head of the Niejiazhuang Clay Sculpture Artists Union, Nie Peng is still worried about the development of the entire industry: "First of all, there is a problem of people, there are no young people to do, and now there are less than 20 really doing clay sculptures; doing clay sculptures is relatively hard work, and many people may not do it until the end of the Year of the Tiger; some supermarkets sell clay sculpture tigers, which is completely 'rubbing heat', and it is found that it is the Year of the Tiger, and it is sold temporarily. ”
"Can't earn money", lack of successors is the common problem faced by the entire intangible cultural heritage project, Gaomi City Culture and Tourism Bureau Intangible Cultural Heritage Head Wang Jinxiao told reporters that the entire Gaomi Intangible Cultural Heritage Project is very rich, including Niejiazhuang clay sculptures including 4 national projects, there are nearly two hundred other levels of projects, the cultural department to make great efforts to provide a platform for non-genetic inheritors to learn and exchange, while giving subsidies and so on, even so, the biggest difficulties can not be solved. Wang Jinxiao: "Craftsmanship can not be learned overnight, even if it is learned, the grasp, control, promotion and other aspects of the market can not be done, now you want to make the craft very good survival, both a management talent and an artistic talent, these two points are more difficult." ”
Not only that, with the development of the times, social needs are also changing, which also makes it very difficult for intangible cultural heritage to survive in the market. Wang Jinxiao told reporters: "Now the times have changed, social needs have also changed, in the past it can be said that as long as you make it, you can sell it, or you don't have to sell, people will take it, now you have to grasp the law of the market, have a keen eye, and see what things can eat in the market." ”
Xu Simin, a professor at the Shandong Academy of Arts and Crafts, has always been very concerned about the development of intangible cultural heritage, and he also said that if the intangible cultural heritage wants to survive in the market in the form of goods, it is necessary to ensure that itself smoothly passes through the "crossroads" of development: "Today has reached the crossroads of the development of intangible cultural heritage, because social development is getting faster and faster, and the quality of life, quality of life, lifestyle, including living habits have undergone great changes. In this case, how can traditional handicrafts adapt to people's living habits, lifestyles and living needs? ”
For how to grow new shoots of old trees, Xu Simin suggested that non-hereditary inheritors should not cling to the shortcomings, but dare to "old bottles of new wine": "From today's society, as a craftsman, you have to come out and participate in training courses, expositions, group exchanges, etc. Through these activities, you can strive for excellence in skills, and you can also grasp the market and innovate products. ”
From the perspective of long-term development, not only the active actions of non-genetic inheritors themselves are needed, but the government level must continue to provide "strong support", Wang Jinxiao told reporters, and the competent authorities have been working hard to help intangible cultural heritage products expand the market. "Now we also carry out "two innovations" for intangible cultural heritage projects according to the needs of the market, that is, creative transformation and innovative development; we also develop derivatives including New Year paintings, clay sculptures, paper-cutting, etc.; we also intend to let the inheritors concentrate on our local scenic spots to do promotion, interact with tourists, integrate, and with the development of market handicrafts, there is motivation, there are more people doing this thing, and it will naturally develop. ”
Xu Simin said that if you want to make the "clay sculpture tiger" "call" louder in the next year of the tiger, let the intangible cultural heritage "fire" up and "live", the inheritors do not have to be too entangled in the object entity, but pay more attention to the inheritance of craftsmanship and spirit: "Handicrafts as a spirit can certainly live forever, because it is ultimately for our human society, for the people who once farmed in the era of farming." From the technical point of view, people in the future will also have this need, but it is no longer a material need, mainly a spiritual need, this is its development, as long as you grasp such a direction, it can go on. ”