weave
he who
press
The Xiang River goes north and flows endlessly; on both sides of the river, it has become a trend. The new model of Shanshuizhou City, the new living room on both sides of the Xiangjiang River, and the core growth pole of Wangcheng. Wangcheng's 35-kilometer golden shoreline of the Xiangjiang River, a new round of innovation and entrepreneurship tide is coming. Resources and capital collide here, and industry leaders and elites gather here. Seize the opportunity, vision the future; one river and two sides of the strait, achieve dreams.
From now on, Le continues to launch a series of essays by Chinese and foreign famous artists, writers, literature lovers and other essays in Wangcheng, to see what kind of magnificent scenery is on both sides of the Wangcheng River written by the literati and inkers, so please pay attention!
"Copper Kiln Salvaged from the Bottom of the Sea"
The author | Shockfan
In 1998, off the Indonesian island of Belitung, a long-sunken ship was salvaged. Surprisingly, of the 67,000 pieces of cargo that came out of the wreck, there were 56,000 pieces of porcelain. It is inferred from the inscription on the porcelain bowl inscribed "July 16th of the second year of the Bao calendar" (826 AD) that the shipwreck was in the first half of the 9th century AD. After several experts and scholars, it was finally confirmed that this was the Arab sailing ship "Black Stone" 1200 years ago, full of Chinese Tang Dynasty goods.
China's Tang Dynasty, alive wet in front of the display. The 56,000 pieces of porcelain are from the Changsha kiln in China.
Pieces of exquisite Tang Dynasty porcelain sleep on the seabed, after thousands of years of reincarnation, finally set off the curtain of history, out of the Tibetan Jiaolong Palace, revealing a beautiful face. Changsha kiln porcelain, surfaced and reborn. The whole world knows that there is a place in China called Changsha, Changsha has a place called Wangcheng, and Wangcheng has an ancient town called Tongguan.
The Jian Liao Zhi Notes reads: "Shun pottery is on the riverside, and the vessel is not bitter." "It means that Shun led the people to make pottery along the Xiang River. Even later, the folk customs of Tongguan Town still respected Emperor Shun as the ancestor of pottery.
There is also a "Water Sutra Note" cloud: "Tongguan Mountain, also known as Mica Mountain, earthy pottery; there are more than a thousand pottery families, living along the river." "This area is rich in clay, since the Tang Dynasty, the kiln industry has flourished, the dragon kiln has a hundred, and the potters are tens of thousands.
The tongguan place mentioned here, the throat of the Xiang River, is the place where Wu Shu of the Three Kingdoms must contend. It was once named because the government made copper here. However, what made the copper officials more famous was the ceramics industry.
After a thousand years, focusing on the ancient town of Tongguan, you can still find the ruins of ancient kilns, dotted with dots. The ancient site of "Changsha Tongguan Kiln" confirmed by experts is located in Tanjiapo on the shore of Shizhu Lake.
Tracing back along the long river of history, it is the "Tanjiapo Ruins" that is rich in ceramics, and it is also the birthplace of the colorful ceramic glaze of the Tongguan kiln world. Nowadays, the ancient "Tanjiapo Ruins" has been built into the "Tanjiapo Ruins Museum", and a "museum" cannot be said, indicating that the local government's protection of historical and cultural relics is fully and conscious.
The ruins of tanjiapo ancient porcelain kiln are built on the mountain, from top to bottom, like a long dragon, lying quietly on the slope of the red soil, so it is named "dragon kiln". The work of fetal soil, the work of creation, the dragon kiln site consists of two areas of billet making and firing, which completely covers the production process from clay mining to porcelain. I saw the neatly arranged bowls at the bottom of the kiln, as if frozen in the scene of the kiln's labor.
On the ruins of the ancient kiln site in Tanjiapo, fragments of porcelain several meters thick are piled up, solidifying the late Tang Dynasty and confirming the five generations of kiln fire. Immersively looking at the broken porcelain pieces of the site, it seems to leave a residual temperature. The porcelain that remains at the scene is fired with many surnames and names of "Zhao, Zhou and Yuan", indicating that this kiln is operated by many private cooperatives. There are also porcelain fragments with inscriptions on the "Three Years of Opening" and "Xiantong X Year and First Month", which prove that around the middle of the 9th century AD, it was the heyday of Changsha porcelain.
Changsha kiln, made in Datang. Changsha kiln fire flourished in the Middle and Tang Dynasties, mainly firing porcelain exported overseas, becoming a famous source of ceramic export. The ceramics produced by Changsha Kiln have been exported to East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia and North Africa through the "Maritime Ceramic Road", becoming a veritable world-class commodity.
However, the site of this ancient kiln of Tongguan was only discovered by archaeology in the 1950s, and its appearance is "old" enough. Puzzling is that the shipwreck "Black Stone" produced a large amount of copper kiln porcelain, which proves that tongguan became a prosperous place for the export of ceramics in the Tang Dynasty, but there is never any written record of Changsha kiln in historical records.
In this way, the little-known copper official ancient kiln and the Changsha porcelain that crossed the sea have attracted more and more attention from posterity. Fortunately, the Tongguan Kiln Museum was built in Wangdu, which is like building a ceramic history corridor to show the ins and outs of the Tongguan kilns of the Tang Dynasty and restore the original appearance of the process of firing Changsha porcelain.
The Changsha porcelain that comes out of the water from the "Black Stone" is the largest stock of small bowls with blue glaze brown spots. The Tongguan Kiln Museum exhibits this small bowl, the center of which depicts the ornamentation of West Asian cultural elements, such as birds and flowers; there is also a back kettle engraved with Arabic characters, and a flowing lamp popular in the western region... This proves that Changsha kiln belongs to the "export-oriented enterprise" of the Tang Dynasty.
Mold printing appliqué is the characteristic decoration of Changsha kiln, it is the porcelain required patch, manually pasted on the blank tire, when applying green glaze to the patch part of the brown spots, so that the ornament is more prominent, the color block is eye-catching. The Tongguan Kiln Museum exhibits a blue-glazed brown spot mold-print appliqué jug, which is said to have been borrowed from Central Asian gilt and silverware, and the rich exotic style was integrated into Changsha porcelain.
Changsha porcelain has everything, especially the copper red glaze is the first of the Changsha kiln. As for "underglaze painting", it is a characteristic decoration of Changsha kiln. Although Changsha porcelain is mostly a household life tool, it still contains the pursuit of beauty, and there is no lack of artistic content.
The craftsmen of the Changsha kiln engraved rows of Chinese or Arabic poems into the tire blank, covered with glaze, and fired into fine products.
"The people of ten thousand miles go south, and the three autumn geese fly north, and they don't know what years they have to return together." "Thinking about the road ahead every day, facing the other master, walking on the mountains and rivers, everywhere birds crying new."
This poem is fired on the porcelain of daily life, revealing a beautiful artistic temperament and cultural connotation. At the same time, these poems using porcelain as the medium are precisely expressed in the form of calligraphy, so the authentic calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty has entered thousands of households with porcelain, going to the halls and kitchens, and has survived to this day.
Changsha kiln not only engraves poetry, but also aphorisms, aphorisms, couplets, presenting a unique sense of beauty and rhythm, making porcelain a "poetry and book in the same body" and "pictures and texts" of the heirloom treasures.
The incorporation of poetry and painting into porcelain is a major change and innovation in porcelain decoration. Changsha kiln records the rhythm of the pulse of the times with a physical carrier, and its historical value cannot be underestimated.
I inadvertently saw a broken oil bottle in a glass display case, a poem burned on it, and jumped into view: "Junsheng I was not born, I was born Junjun is old, Jun hates me for being born late, I hate Junsheng early." ”
This popular folk poem, for example, the author of all the poems is signed "Tang Wumingshi", but it is not known that it comes from the Tang Dynasty Changsha Tongguan Kiln Porcelain Inscription Poem, which was excavated in the 1970s at the site of the Tongguan Kiln in Wangcheng. According to expert analysis, this poem may be a popular folk song, or it may be written by the potters of the kiln at that time. In any case, this Changsha kiln porcelain has become a "living fossil" of Tang Dynasty poetry.
The condensed soil is a vessel, and the mud is turned into a treasure. Pieces of exquisite porcelain of great historical and artistic value are displayed in the Tongguan Kiln Museum. Reality is near, history is far away, both thinking of the ancient feelings, and walking in today's hot land.
Walking into the "Tongguan Kiln Handmade Pottery Factory" that inherits the ancient cultural traditions and visiting the Tang cylinder inscribed with an inscription, it can be said that it flourished in the Tang Dynasty, innovated in the present, and was endlessly alive and well, and there were successors.
Source | "The City of Fame- Selected Works of Chinese and Foreign Writers Entering Wangcheng"
Edit | Zhou Jiahui
collection! Spring Festival outings come to Wangcheng
HD aerial photography! Let's enjoy the early snow of 2022 in Wangwangcheng!