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Yang Yang Huaxia, majestic China. Look at Beijing with a thousand years of history, look at Shaanxi with three thousand years of history, look at Henan with five thousand years of history, and look at Zhoukou with six thousand years of history.
Zhoukou City has a long history and splendid culture, with a history of more than 6,000 years of civilization. The Taihao Fuxi clan built the capital here, and the Yandi Shennong clan sowed five grains and created the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation. Zhoukou ancient chen guo, "Book of Poetry. Chen Feng" is impressive. At the end of the Warring States period, it was the seat of the capital of Chu, and the history was called Ying Chen. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the peasants revolted, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang established the Zhang Chu regime here. During the Two Han Dynasties, Chen was the crown prince's domain, prosperous and prosperous. Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, huaiyang has been the center of the successive county capitals. The history of Zhoukou is full of heroes. Zhoukou is the former capital of Fuxi, the hometown of Nuwa, and the hometown of Laozi, which has the reputation of "the pioneer of China and the holy relics of Kyushu", and is praised by the All-China Fuxi Culture Research Association as "the birthplace of Chinese culture". The earliest marriage ceremony in China also began to have the custom of marriage from the Fuxi clan system of marriage and the establishment of a matchmaking agreement with the female wife.
Primitive society "men and women traveled, not matchmaking". Entering the matrilineal clan society to form extra-tribal marriages, "the people know their mother, but they do not know their father". Due to the serious phenomenon of marriage and childbearing among close relatives, many deaf, dumb, stupid, and disabled children were born at that time. According to legend, Fuxi and Nuwa customized a marriage ceremony, that is, the first is the right surname, the second is the media ceremony, and the third is the dowry ceremony.
By the time patrilineal clan society had shifted to a fixed conjugal system of couplet marriage. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was already a custom of crown marriage, that is, men "twenty and crowned", "thirty and room", women "ten have five years and hairpin (ji tone, ancient women fixed the hairpin used to pull up the hair), twenty and married". The Han Dynasty followed the pre-Qin dynasty, the marriage age was advanced, the male 16 could marry, and the female 14 should marry. The marriage age of the Tang Dynasty changed slightly, and the marriage age of the Han Dynasty was about the same as that of the Han Dynasty after the Song Dynasty. In 1851, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom formulated a decree abolishing feudal comprador marriages and guaranteeing the freedom of marriage, stipulating: "All marriages in the world regardless of wealth", "all old and crooked examples are eliminated", and "free marriage between men and women is practiced". In the early years of the Republic of China, "equality between men and women" and "freedom of marriage" were advocated, and in the twenty-first year of the Republic of China (1942), the legal age for marriage was 18 years old for men and 16 years for women. In 1950, the founding of New China promulgated the first "Marriage Law", which stipulates that the age of marriage is 20 years for men and 18 years for women, and implements freedom of marriage, monogamy, equality between men and women, prohibition of bigamy, prohibition of arranged marriages, etc. In 1980, the new "Marriage Law" stipulates that the marriage age is 22 years old and women are 20 years old. The new Marriage Law of 2018 stipulates that the age of marriage is still 22 years old and women are 20 years old.
In Zhoukou City, eastern Henan, due to the influence of traditional culture, local marriage customs are also very distinctive. The following are some of the songs and ballads handed down from the traditional marriage customs of Zhoukou City in eastern Henan, which are summarized and followed:
1. Blind Date Song:
(1) Since ancient times, white horses have been afraid of green cattle,
Rats and sheep meet once Hugh.
The golden rooster does not meet the dog,
The jade rabbit did not see the dragon for long.
The tiger comes with a snake like a knife,
Apes communicate with pig tears.
Rats and rabbits do not become relatives,
When cattle and tigers meet, marriage will be forbidden.
Dogs are hard to find,
Pigs and horses are not allowed to throw the dragon gate.
Tatsuma is only afraid of the golden rooster,
Sheep herding on the slopes.
(2) Some traditional feudal and scientifically based precepts:
"Chickens and dogs are not as good as a family"
"Two Tigers Are Different Mountains"
"Snake with Tiger Man and Woman"
"Two sheep don't live long"
"Female freshman (year old), gold fly"
"Female eldest two (years old), silver money long"
"Female junior (years old), holding gold bricks"
"I want to get hair, female senior eight"
"Can marry stubble, do not marry children" and so on.
Second, the flower car song:
The bride gets into the car, and the car driver begins to chant the flower car song:
"The palanquin puts the point on,
Gongs and drums put the flute brake,
Listen to me exaggerate the flower palanquin.
The little dot stick is straight and pointed,
Rolling dragon car pole spanning both sides,
Seven feet in front, eight feet in the back,
Seven eighty-one feet and five feet,
Flower Palanquin Pavilion to Zhengyang,
The palanquin is like an embroidery pavilion,
Four flower baskets hanging in the four corners,
Four phoenixes and thousands of autumns,
Four dragons hanging on the cloud head,
Four lions roll hydrangeas.
Upper Eight Immortals, Middle Eight Immortals,
Kirin sends the son in the middle,
The upper triad is like a tiger prison,
Under to Lü Bu play mink cicadas.
Green to green, red to red,
Glass beads hang bells,
Blowing east wind, Ding Dongxiang,
The west wind blows, the dingdong,
Big flute blowing, small flute sounding,
You see how majestic the palanquin is.
Flower palanquin to take a point,
On both sides of the main station,
Look at the palanquin is not biased.
One does not twist, two do not twist,
Bright Avenue is easy to walk again.
The old and young masters flashed the road,
All the way to home safely.
3. Bed-making song:
On the wedding day, my sister-in-law spread the grains on the bed with money and coins, and sang while sprinkling:
(1) "A handful sprinkled in the bed,
Give birth to a day first called uncle.
Sprinkle a handful outside the bed,
Have a child in the middle. ”
(2) "The beans and oranges are laid on the mats,
Give birth to a fat son early next year",
"Lay a brick, lead an official,
Spread fire sticks and lift people up",
"Spread the wheat, take a turn".
"Spread the red dates, lead a small,
Spread chestnuts, lead nizi",
"A handful of chestnuts and a handful of dates,
The eldest child leads the little mile to run."
IV. "Sending Room Song":
After the completion of the chapel ceremony, as the bride and groom each hold the "concentric knot" at the end of the mutual singing ceremony, the "female welcome guest" is helped into the cave room to show that the husband and wife are both knotted as one, working together, the white head is harmonious, worshiping the bed god, and the "welcome guest" sings the "sending song":
"The eight immortals table is placed in the center,
A pair of happy candles are also lit,
Twelve fruit plates were also placed
Sitting on one side of the Mandarin Duck,
Sit on one side of the phoenix.
Mandarin duck with a pair in his hand,
Phoenix holds a pair in his hand.
This branch is inserted into that branch.
Send the son to the mother to send the child,
Good to send five,
Good girl gives a pair.
The eldest child was sent to the Golden Ruan Hall in Beijing,
The second son was sent to Nanjing to become a high-ranking official,
The third child was sent to Hanlin Courtyard,
Four Sons of gold list in the middle of the yuan,
Leave the little five keepers of the mother".
5. Throw embroidered shoe song:
In some places, there is also the custom of throwing embroidered shoes:
"Pray to the heavens and the earth and enter the cave,
Open the box to see the dowry.
The box is full,
Take a pair of embroidered shoes alone,
Throw it across the beam,
See if it's together or up,
If you are on your back to give birth to a girl,
Co-authored to give birth to a Yuanlang".
6. Combing the hair song:
After the bride enters the cave room, the sister-in-law and sister-in-law change the bride's clothes, "head up", and re-dress her hair. And sing the combing song while combing:
(1) "One fold, two sons,
There is a child wearing a top (referring to the official hat),
A cash cow,
The second is the cornucopia,
Three mules and horses in a large herd."
(2) "A wooden comb, a grate,
Have a child with a pendant;
A wooden comb, a brush,
Have a child with a handle (both refer to boys)".
(3) "One together and two together,
Yellow sand is two acres.
One pull two pull,
One little furry baby a year.
Comb two combs,
Three years to have a small nest.".
VII. Hanging Face Song:
After the bride combs her hair, the sister-in-law of Quanfu begins to "twist her face", that is, holding a red thread in her hand to form a coil. The other hand spreads four fingers in a crossed shape, twists the hairs off the bride's face, and sings while twisting:
"Finish your head, twist your face,
Willow eyebrows, moon bends,
The bride is really beautiful,
The son-in-law was overjoyed."
Then remove the two "earrings" that the bride is carrying and replace them with "earrings" and sing while changing:
"Remove the earrings for earrings,
It's hard to be a girlfriend again."
VIII. Sending Lantern Songs:
The sky is nearly yellow. The sister-in-law (the groom's sister) went to the cave to deliver the lamp, light the lamp, and sing the "sending the lamp song":
(1) "One to send the lamp, two to send the lamp,
I gave my sister-in-law a lamp,
Ask you to answer the lamp or not to answer the lamp? ”
If the bride does not answer and sings:
"The garden is full of lights, and the lights are clear,
Sister-in-law does not pick up the lamp,
I'm standing in a pit in front of the bed."
The bride then sings:
"Gold lamp to silver lamp,
Silver lamp to cape,
Having given birth to a child, the Lord is noble,
They all say that the sister-in-law is really meritorious,
Ask if you have merit or no merit"?
(2) "As the sun sets near dusk,
The sister-in-law sent the door of the lamp hole.
Gold lamp to silver lamp,
Tin wax on the bottle,
Square table against bucket chair,
Study to hall,
Sat with my parents yesterday;
Accompany the slaves tonight."
9, Lighting song:
The sister-in-law went to the cave room to light the lamp and sang the "lighting song":
"The lamp of the cave room must be long and bright,
It's nearly dusk when the lights are lit.
One dragon lamp, two phoenix lamp,
Three-immortal lamp, four-lined lamp,
Five-horse lamp, six-copper lamp,
Seven star lights, bagua lights,
Nine lotus lamps, this year send a long lantern,
New Year's Eve to get a troublemaker (referring to children),
Grandma hugged and fed peanuts."
10. The Song of the Bed:
"Nothing to do without entering the new person's room,
The newcomer invites me to the bed,
Enter the courtyard door and look inside,
The cave house is not far in front of you.
Gold drops mercury tiles,
Rolling dragon's ridge out of the eaves,
The whole of the two dragon play bead carvings,
Painted door straps with bright windows.
Brick floor powder white wall,
Wooden partition cover flower beam,
There is good pomp and circumstance in the ming room.
Zhangji ji rolls the tail,
The eight immortals table is placed in the center,
The Taishi chair is divided into two sides.
The red silk curtain is three feet long,
The gold hook hangs on the silver hook.
Lift the curtain and look inside,
Look at the bride's good dowry.
Big cabinet to small suitcase,
Good clothes inside.
Opposite the hanger is the basin rack,
The dressing mirror shines on the top bed.
This bed is really kitsch,
Skilled craftsmanship is good.
The beauty of this bed,
Four gold brick pads for the legs of the bed.
This bed hits the len,
Eight fir in the four corners.
Mandarin ducks on the top of the bed come to play in the water,
Flying phoenixes at both ends of the bed.
Embroidered pillows are generally long,
Embroidered futons fill the bed.
Here sits a lady,
Over there is Juncai Lang.
Called Chrysanthemum and Begonia,
Bring me five fruits and I sprinkle the bed.
The first sprinkle is the glory and riches,
The second sprinkle of gold and jade filled the hall,
The third Tsalmuel and his brother,
The fourth of the four pairs of Sprinkles,
The fifth son of Satan, Denko,
The sixth reunion of the six sons of Sasam,
The seventh satan of Tanabata meets,
The eighth sprinkles of the Eight Immortals celebrating the birthday,
The ninth is to send the nine lotuses of the sprinkler,
The tenth sprinkled luan phoenix hundred years, the fifth qichang. ”
"I'll leave when I'm out of bed,
The bride took the covered hand.
Four plates a pot of wine,
Drink the cup of water and go again.
Thank you very much for your affection,
Sprinkle Xie Zhiyin three more times.
Sprinkle a handful on both ends of the bed,
Have a child and wait for the public.
Two sprinkled on the bed,
He had a son, Zhongzhuangyuan.
Three sprinkled on the flower mat,
There is a girl who is a bridesmaid."
11. Toast song
Inside the cave, the groom sings while toasting the bride:
"This glass of wine toasts you,
That you shall have children and raise children."
The bride also sings in response to the groom:
Let you shelter from the wind and rain." There are also a small number of scholars, Miss Gongzi of the Family of Scholars, talented women newly married, and when they are in the room, they also pay attention to poetry and poetry, and the audience, the groom, and the bride sing poems respectively:
"Be humble in your retreat,
Nu Ben is not a confidant.
At home Daddy often teaches,
Filial piety to Takado Consolation Jun".
"Lady talent beautiful marriage,
Husbands and wives follow many and smooth.
Flower good moon garden blessings,
A good night is worth a thousand gold."
XII. Back door song:
On the morning of the third day after the marriage, the bride and groom take gifts to the mother's house to save relatives, which is called "returning to the door". Proverb:
"A girl does not leave her mother,
I want to cut off my intestines after three days of absence."
The bride's family set up a feast to entertain the new son-in-law, but the bride and groom must return before sunset, and it is said that it is too late to return to the in-laws' house, and it is said that they must be "blind to the mother-in-law".
The bride's home also has a customary auspicious day, and there is a place
"The first four (days), the second trip eight,
Three trips to twelve returns to her mother's house.
Go to the in-laws' in-laws' house (wealth),
Go to your mother's house. ”
(Su Yuntang)