Foreword: In Shiling Street, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, there is a group of tombs of the Shu king family in the Ming Dynasty. In the 1970s, due to the construction of Shiling Middle School (now Shiling Junior High School), the underground palace was inadvertently discovered, and after rescue archaeological excavations, it was finally determined to be the tomb of the King of Shu. Although the ground building of the tomb has long been destroyed, the underground palace building is intact, and more than 500 precious cultural relics, including Zhen zhi, have been unearthed.
The tomb of the King of Shu is backed by Zhengjue Mountain and faces Qinglong Lake, which is a feng shui treasure land of "concentrating qi and concentrating". The circular hollow depiction of gold-glazed double dragon disc inlaid in the center of the main wall of its apse is a treasure of Ming Dynasty art and is known as one of the most exquisite underground palaces in ancient China. Chengdu was a fiefdom of the Shu family in the Ming Dynasty, and as the third king of Shu, although his life span was not eternal, the exquisiteness of his mausoleum was still far beyond imagination. So what are the stories surrounding this King of Shu and his brother King Jing of Shu? In fact, speaking of these two heirless sages, we have to talk about their father, Zhu Yuexi, because it seems that he is the root of all tragedies.
Zhu Yuexi, son of Shu Mourning Zhuang: The source of tragedy
Zhu Yuexi was born on August 29, the 21st year of Hongwu (1388 AD), the eldest son of Zhu Chunyan, the king of Shu, the twenty-ninth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, and the mother of Princess Lan of Shu. This Princess of Shu had an extraordinary history, she was the daughter of Lan Yu, the Duke of Liangguo. In other words, Zhu Yuexi is The Grandson of Blue Jade.
Zhu Chun lived in Fengyang for a long time before he settled in Chengdu, during which time he had a great friendship with Su Boheng, the great confucian of the world. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394 AD), Su Boheng heard that the King of Shu was planning to invite a teacher to enlighten the seven-year-old Zhu Yuexi, so he recommended Fang Xiaoru to him.
Don't look at Fang Xiaoru being praised in the future generations, his old man was mixed up in the Hongwu Dynasty. He failed to pass the interview twice on Zhu Yuanzhang's side, and was finally sent far away to Hanzhong Province to become a professor (from Jiupin deputy village-level cadre). Fortunately, Fang Xiaoru had a good teacher, Song Lian, who had a good friend, Su Boheng, and Su Boheng had a good friend, Zhu Chun, the King of Shu. So after one or two, Fang Xiaoru became Zhu Yuexi's teacher.
Fang Xiaoru stills
After the death of Crown Prince Zhu Biao and the establishment of his son Zhu Yunjiao as the Emperor's grandson, Zhu Chun's position was actually somewhat embarrassing. In order to pave the way for the emperor's grandson, Zhu Yuanzhang executed Lan Yu, the Duke of Liangguo, and Zhu Chun, as his son-in-law, was specially summoned from Chengdu to Nanjing to observe the execution. Since the late crown prince Zhu Biao was also a student of Song Lian, Zhu Chun, through Fang Xiaoru and Zhu Yunjiao, formed a relationship, and still lived a very moist life in the context of the Jianwen Dynasty's cutting of the domain, and Zhu Yuexi was also crowned as the Son of Shu during this period. During the Jingnan War launched by Zhu Di, the fourth son of Taizu, the King of Yan, some people repeatedly proposed to ask the King of Shu to mediate, but unfortunately Zhu Yunjiao did not listen.
"Fu Wanxing extinguished and extinguished, released the prisoner of the King of Qi, sealed the tomb of the King of Xiang, and returned the King of Zhou to The Capital Division." Ying Chu and Shu were the Dukes of Zhou, and each of his sons held a letter to persuade Yan to strike off Gange and take Dun's relatives, and the world was overjoyed! "Loose, the emperor can't use it." - "The SixteenTh Yan King's Rising Army" in the last volume of the Ming Chronicle
On June 13, the fourth year of Jianwen (1402 AD), the three-year-long Jingnan War was divided into victories and defeats. The Yan king Zhu Di entered the capital Nanjing, the emperor Zhu Yunjiao set himself on fire at the Fengtian Temple, and the world belonged to the fourth elder of the Zhu family. In September of that year, Zhu Chun, the king of Shu, rushed from Chengdu to Nanjing to make a pilgrimage to the new king. Because Zhu Chun was extremely popular in Sichuan, Zhu Di had to still trust and reuse this younger brother in the context of the new world.
Ding You, the king of Shu, resigned and gave the edict: "Brother Xian is benevolent and filial by nature, intelligent and erudite. The sound is clear, and the military and the people are dressed. However, the land of Shu is dangerous, and the beasts are mixed. Settle down and appease, and entrust it with great trust. All self-love, as a second brother. "Twenty thousand ingots were given to the officials, and the money given by the officials was poor. - The Twelve Records of Emperor Ming Taizong
Wang Zhu Tsubaki Image
In order to show his loyalty to the imperial court, in addition to the King of Shu himself, Zhu Yuexi, the son of Shu Shizi, also came to Nanjing three times to make a pilgrimage to his fourth uncle Zhu Di in the first year of Yongle (1403 AD), the second year of Yongle (1404 AD), and the third year of Yongle (1405 AD). Among them, at the time of the third coming to the dynasty, Zhu Di made Liu Shi, the granddaughter of Liu Zhen, the left governor of the Left Army, a concubine of Shu Shizi. Liu Zhen was an important imperial general in the late Hongwu Dynasty, and in the early years of Yongle, he was ordered to guard Liaodong.
Although Zhu Yuexi was a disciple of Fang Xiaoru, Zhu Di was still very appreciative of this "pure and elegant" nephew, and specially rewarded him when he and his concubines returned to the feudal kingdom. Unfortunately, this Shu Shizi, who was very outstanding in all aspects, did not live forever, and unfortunately died on the fourth day of the first month of June in the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), at the age of 22. Zhu Di sighed greatly after receiving the obituary on July 24, and deliberately dropped out of the dprm for three days.
At noon, Shu Shizi was heard. On the mourning, he dropped out of the dynasty for three days, and mourned zhuang. Officials were sent to offer sacrifices, and ordered to be buried by Sizhi. The crown prince and the kings were all sacrificed. Yue Xi (悦熑), the eldest son of the Shu King. Good qualifications and serious behavior. A lover of learning, a good sage, especially a heavy cloud. —Records of Emperor Taizong of The Ming Dynasty, Vol. 94
Zhu Youyu, King of Shujing: The first grandson of the Ming Dynasty
Zhu Youyu (朱友堉), born on September 13, 1406, the fourth year of Yongle (1406 AD), was the eldest son of Zhu Yueyi (朱悦燫), the son of Shu Shizi (朱悦燫), and his biological mother, Princess Liu. Before he turned three years old, his father Zhu Yuexi died tragically. Only a year later, Princess Liu also died. Zhu Youyu and his two younger brothers Zhu Youyuan and Zhu Youyuan suddenly became fatherless and motherless orphans, and were raised by their grandfather Zhu Chun with hard work.
壬辰, is the day, Shu mourning Zhuang Shizi Yue Concubine Liu Shi Xue. Obituary, the crown prince sent officials to give sacrifices, and ordered the Ministry of Works to rule the funeral. — Ming Taizong Records Volume 16
- The second uncle who tried to take the heir
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there was almost an ambitious second eldest in the prince's palace, and the Shu royal palace was no exception. Zhu Chun had six sons, of which the second son, Zhu Yueyi, the Prince of Huayang, was born to the second concubine of the Jin clan, and had the most honorable status among the other sons. Looking at the three young nephews, the second uncle couldn't help but covet the throne of Shu Shizi and even the King of Shu.
However, Zhu Chun looked at the three grandchildren very closely and did not leave the slightest opportunity for the King of Huayang. Even when Zhu Youyu gradually grew up, he also interceded for the second uncle who acted arbitrarily in front of his grandfather many times.
Yue Yi, the second son of King Xian of Shu. He is unbridled and unruly, and is hated by the Father. One day, the beloved pawn is a thousand households, and the crown is brought to it. When the king heard the great anger, the guards went to the court and scolded: "Fowl and Yahweh? "More than a hundred rods, send the weapons to the dynasty." Shisun Youyu pleaded with the king to be free of arms, and his brothers and sisters were imprisoned for several months. Yu Yu has repeatedly saved himself, but he has been relieved. — Records of Akihito, Vol. XIII
In February of the twenty-first year of Yongle (1423 AD), Zhu Chun, the King of Shu, died at the age of 53. While Zhu Di was offering him the title of Emperor, he also made an exception and dropped out of the dynasty for seven days. However, the death of King Xian of Shu gave the King of Huayang the opportunity to frame his nephew. Zhu Yueyi learned from Zhu Jixi, the former King of Pingyang of the Jin Dynasty, who had falsely accused zhu Youyu of "rebelling and complaining about more than a dozen things" by falsely accusing zhu Youyi of "rebelling and slandering more than a dozen things" by falsely accusing him of "rebelling and slandering the king of Jin" by falsely accusing zhu Yiyi of being the king of Jin.
Stills of Zhu Di's death
In Zhu Di's calculations, the powerful Shu Clan had always been the object of cutting the clan, but because zhu Chun, the king of Shu Xian, had performed really well, he had not been able to find an opportunity. Now that the shu clan is in civil strife, it is a good time to take advantage of the opportunity to attack. Therefore, Zhu Di disregarded the fact that he had not yet taken the northern expedition, and still sent people to Chengdu to urgently summon Zhu Youyu, the grandson of the Shu dynasty, to Beijing to "argue in court."
Fortunately, by the time Zhu Youyu arrived in Beijing on the second day of September in the twenty-second year of Yongle (1424 AD), Bozu Zhu Di had already died on the way to the class. Emperor Renzong, who succeeded to the throne, had been the crown prince of the jianguo for twenty years, and was always on the lookout for his two younger brothers, Zhu Gaoxu the Prince of Han and Zhu Gaoxuan the Prince of Zhao, so how could he support King Huayang's conquest of his wife?
On September 12, Emperor Renzong ordered Zhu Youyu to return to Chengdu, while at the same time asking Yu Xin, the deputy envoy of the Sichuan Prefecture, to investigate the report of the King of Huayang. Not surprisingly, the results of the investigation presented by the Sichuan side were false accusations by the King of Huayang. In October of that year, Emperor Renzong decreed that Zhu Youyu be made the King of Shu, and he thus became the grandson of the first prince of the Ming Dynasty. As for Zhu Yueyi, the ill-intentioned King of Huayang, he was moved to Huguang Prefecture (湖廣澧州, in present-day Changde, Hunan Province) in April of the first year of Hong Xi (1425 CE). The reason given by Emperor Renzong was that "the Luan Owl should not be treated together", which also essentially deprived the Huayang King's clan of the right to inherit the Shu Domain.
Renzong Zhu Gaozi stills
- The three guards of the Shu Dynasty Palace in Chengdu
As mentioned above, Zhu Yuexi, the son of Mourning Zhuang, had 3 sons, in addition to the eldest son Zhu Youyu attacked the King of Shu, the second son Zhu Youyi was made the King of Qianjiang, and the third son Zhu Youyu was made the King of Luojiang. Unfortunately, neither Shizi nor Shizi Concubine has a longevity gene. On April 28, 1426, in the first year of Xuande (1426 AD), Zhu Youyu's brother Zhu Youdi,the Prince of Qianjiang, died at the age of 20.
Since Zhu Chun took the throne of Chengdu, his Shu royal guards have made great contributions to consolidating the ming dynasty's rule in Sichuan. After Zhu Youyu attacked the King of Fengshu, this large number of defenders with strong combat effectiveness was still fighting for the imperial court in the south and the north, and made many meritorious achievements.
In December of the first year of Xuande's reign, the Chengdu Guards, together with the Officials of Sichuan, Yunnan, and The Sichuan Xingdu Commandery, followed Mu Sheng, the Duke of Qianguo, into Jiaodian to quell the rebellion. In April and June of the second year of Xuande (1427 CE), Zhu Youyu mobilized an escort of 6,000 men to Songpan to assist the imperial court in suppressing the rebels.
"Yesterday, I was sent to dispatch an army to suppress Songpan's rebellion, and I have entrusted Li Wan and other officials to lead four thousand troops to Songpan to listen to the march." The King of Shu said: "I have heard that the army has been sent, and I have deeply seen the meaning of the country." He has sent a messenger, and if he obeys, he may be exempted from the use of soldiers. If he is stubborn, he will be separated from Shaanxi and dispatch elite soldiers to advance by him. The Xiandi Mansion then adjusted the number of people and horses to meet the former ones. Work together to destroy this curse, and the few will never cease to suffer. —Ming Xuanzong Records Volume 29
Stills of Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji
Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, adhering to the last wishes of his grandfather Zhu Di, focused on completing the great cause of cutting the domain from the beginning of his reign. Starting with the second uncle Han Wang and the third uncle Zhao Wang, and then disposing of the flying cousin King Jin, followed by the famous but powerful king of the clan, the Shu King's palace was naturally unable to escape this fate.
In the first month of the fifth year of Xuande (1430 AD), Chen Huai, the commander-in-chief of Sichuan and the governor of Zuodu, played a court call for the imperial court, saying that he heard the sound of cannons in the Shu king's palace. After investigation, it was found that it was privately provided to the Shu King's Mansion by the Sichuan Dusi, and Emperor Xuanzong took the opportunity to remove all the dusitang officials. In June of the sixth year of Xuande (1431 AD), seeing that both qin and Chu had obediently surrendered their guards, Zhu Youyu, the king of Shu, had to use the Chengdu Central Guard and the Right Guard of Chengdu as a sign of allegiance to Xuanzong.
In Xinhai, the Shu king Youyu played the three guards of Chengdu and asked the middle and right guards to return to the imperial court, leaving the left guards to serve in the army. Shangjiaqi can save the covenant, from it. Yu Yu also played a lack of officials, please make up for it and stay in the south as a craftsman. All from it. Wang Yu , the governor of shang, and Wang Ji , the military attendant , held a letter to the king: All the two guards who belonged to them were ordered to go to Nanjing. The grain and boats that have been given through the road are still ordered to be good at appeasement on the way. - Ming Xuanzong Records Volume 80
The second guard of the middle and right of Chengdu was established in the nineteenth year of Hongwu (1386 AD) to the sixth year of Xuande, and remained for more than 40 years, and many people lived in Sichuan for three generations. Now that Emperor Xuanzong had transferred them all to Nanjing, it could be seen how deeply he was jealous and defensive of the Shu King's Palace.
Even for the remaining left guards in Chengdu, the imperial court was still not at ease, and in July of that year, Chen Huai again asked for 2,500 troops to be transferred from them to requisition Songpan Fanman. In the face of his cousin Zhu Zhanji, who was already in a bad state, his psychological burden became heavier and heavier. On September 15 of the sixth year of Xuande, Zhu Youyu, the King of Shu, died at the age of 26.
Princess Li of Shu, daughter of Li Sheng, a thousand guards in Chengdu, was made Princess shu in April of the second year of Xuande (1427 AD). After Zhu Youyu's death, all of them, including the Li clan and the Huang clan, committed suicide and were buried.
Restoration map of the Shu King's Mansion in Chengdu
Zhu Youyu, King of Shu: The sorrow of emperor Dazong's heirs
Zhu Youyu, the King of Luojiang, was born on February 19, 1409, the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), the third son of Zhu Yuexi, the son of Shu Mourning Zhuang and the younger brother of Zhu Youyu, the Prince of Shujing. Since his brother Zhu Youtuo, the King of Qianjiang, had died, after the King of Shujing had died without heirs, Zhu Youyuan should follow the provisions of the "Emperor Ming Ancestral Training" "Brother and Brother and Brother" to be crowned King of Shu.
Zhu Youyu's big wedding time, like that of his brother, was in April of the second year of Xuande, when Princess Luojiang was the daughter of Zhao Bi, a Confucian teacher in Xinfan County, Chengdu Province. However, this Concubine Zhao did not even wait for Zhu Youyu to enter the throne of Shu, and unfortunately died in the first month of the fourth year of Xuande (1429 AD). The path of marriage and heirs of the Shu Dynasty was fraught with hardships from the very beginning.
- Funeral interlude of the King of Shujing
After Zhu Youyu's death, Emperor Xuanzong, in addition to dropping out of the imperial court, also sent Sun Jie, the uncle of Yingcheng, to the Shu king's mansion to mourn. As a result, no one expected that after Sun Jie arrived in Chengdu, he openly asked for bribes, which made Zhu Youyu, the king of Luojiang, who presided over the funeral, angry.
The first Fengcheng Bo of the Ming Dynasty was Sun Yan, a Fengyang man, who crossed the river with Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang when he was a teenager, and was an old revolutionary elder. Of course, at that time, Sun Yan was only a sergeant under Zhu Yuanzhang, and after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, he only guarded Fengyang as a hundred households of JinWuwei. Shortly after Zhu Di, the King of Yan, took up his domain, Sun Yan, who was old and heavy,was transferred to the Yanshan Guard. After serving Zhu Di in the Yan Dynasty for fifteen years, he was honored with the official position of guarding Zheng Qianhu in the Yan Mountains.
Stills of Zhu Dijing
Zhu Di raised an army to fight against the imperial court, and sun Yan, who had retired, resolutely returned to the mountains to follow His Highness the King of Yan to fight with the imperial court, and made great contributions in the battle of Zhenshou Tongzhou, and after the war, he was awarded the title of Ying Chengbo. Let's digress, Zhu Di ascended to a high level, whether it was the old Department of Yanshan Guard, who had been classified into the ranks of the imperial court officials, or a retired military attaché like Sun Yan, who had long been raised for a long time, all of them disregarded the risk of raiding their families and exterminating the clan, and wholeheartedly followed their Yan Royal Highness to fight in the Country. It was really terrible to win people's hearts like this, no wonder Zhu Yunjiao had trouble sleeping and eating.
In the sixteenth year of Yongle (1418 AD), Sun Yan died in June, and was posthumously honored as the Marquis of Yingcheng. In February of the seventeenth year of Yongle (1419 AD), Heng Heng, the son of Sun Yan, the Marquis of Yingcheng, attacked Yingcheng. In the twenty-first year of Yongle (1423 AD), Sun Heng died in the first month, and in February of that year, his descendants Ying attacked Ying Chengbo. In February of the twenty-second year of Yongle (1424 AD), Sun Ying died without heirs, and in September of that year, his brother Sun Jie attacked Ying Chengbo. This third-generation fourth Ying Chengbo, who had long since ceased to be the heroism of his ancestors, was scolded by Wang Shao and others as "Yu Zong's family still dares to do so, if Linzhou County, its greed can be known." It is required that they be punished in a clear and canonical manner to encourage shame. Of course, in view of his status as a descendant of Xun Gui, Xuanzong only confiscated Sun Jie's illegal gains and did not pursue further. Perhaps this was also part of the imperial court's suppression of the Shu Dynasty.
The present imperial historian is guilty of his sins, and all that he suffers is posthumously admitted to the official. The Ministry of Rites still moved the head of the various royal palaces, Shi Si, to make the King of Qi: "In the future, all the people sent by the imperial court should not be associated with property. —Ming Xuanzong Records Volume 111
- Weak body
As the last son of the princess Liu Shi, Zhu Youyu's body was weaker than his brother's. His Royal Highness the new King of Shu suffered from cold diseases, and his symptoms were pale, cold intolerance, fever, headache, body pain, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc., and his usual quality of life was very bad. So that it had been five years since the death of Princess Zhao of Luojiang, Zhu Youyu had never proposed to the imperial court to appoint another Princess of Shu.
In June of the ninth year of Xuande (1434 AD), after learning that Zhu Youyu's condition was getting worse, Xuanzong sent the doctors of the Tai Hospital to "rush to see". Even after hearing that the first batch of Tai Doctors were helpless against the cold illness of the King of Shu, they even sent the famous imperial doctor Sheng Qidong to Sichuan at night and at night.
Unfortunately, the king of Shu had reached the limit, and on June 21, Zhu Youyu died, only 26 years old. The character of this King of Shu is in line with that of his father, The Prince of Mourning Zhuang Shizi, and his brother King Jing of Shu, and the history books give praise that "he is gentle and dignified, speaks and moves with courtesy, and has never tasted it".
Cultural relics excavated from the tomb of the King of Shu
The death of the king of Shu without heirs meant that the Shu dynasty was extinct, and it also created a problem for the imperial court. However, it seems that this matter is in the heart of Emperor Xuanzong, who has not expressed his position on the selection of the next prince of Shu Province in the following six months, and it seems that he has the intention of making Shu Province as extinct as Jin Province. However, when Emperor Xuanzong died on the third day of the first lunar month in the tenth year of Xuande (1435 AD), the 9-year-old crown prince Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne, that is, Ming Yingzong. Due to the young age of the new Tianzi, the imperial court had to rely on the support of the foreign clan. As a result, the Jin Dynasty, which had been sealed for eight years, re-crowned the King of Jin, but the candidate for the new King of Shu on the Shu side was unexpected: The King of Shu Jing and the fifth uncle of the King of Shu, Zhu Yue the Prince of Baoning (Shang Shao Xia Huo).
Conclusion: From Zhu Yuexi, the son of Shu Mourning Zhuang, the concubine of Liu Shi of Mourning Zhuang, to Zhu Youyu, the king of Shujing, Zhu Youyuan, the king of Qianjiang, and Zhu Youyuan, the king of Shu, none of the five families in the family could live past the age of 26. Zhu Yuexi's father, Zhu Chun, the Prince of Shuxian, also lived to be 53 years old after all, was it because the genes of The daughter of General Lan Da were not good?
And the story of the great heir of the Shu Dynasty tells us an unbreakable truth: what should be yours is yours. After Zhu Yuexi's death, the second eldest Zhu Yuexi jumped up and down and desperately framed his nephew. If he had been able to keep to himself and not argue or grab, he might not have been demoted to Lizhou by Emperor Renzong, and perhaps he would not have died before Zhu Youyu, the king of Shu. If this is the case, the next King of Shu will be the King of Huayang, not the King of Baoning.
Taking a step back, even if Zhu Yueyi still died in the eighth year of Xuande (1433 AD) as in history, his son Zhu Youyi was still the first candidate for the next Shu king, and he would not be born many years later to his uncle Baoning. It is a pity that Zhu Yuexi's father and son were pure in nature and lenient in their treatment of others, but they were bad lucky to be the heir. And Zhu Yueyi, who was unwilling to be willing to be fate, did not think that it was his greatest opportunity not to argue. The world is unpredictable, nothing more than that.
Xin Wei (辛巳), the Prince of Huayang (華阳王友堚), said: "The prince of mourning was born to the second concubine of the Shu Dynasty, Jin, and was the second son. His uncle, King Baoning, was born to a man from the Palace of The Immortals and was the fifth son. The descendants of the present-day Prince of Baoning inherited the throne and enjoyed the wealth of the feudal kingdom. The subject was in Lizhou, and the embarrassment was very special. —Ming Xianzong Records Volume 119