Text: Understand the original Che Emperor Song Aiju
[Understand the original industry of Chedi]
The Beijing Winter Olympics will officially kick off on February 4, and for Automakers, in addition to the Olympic athletes, they are more concerned about the first large-scale hydrogen fuel cell vehicles standing in the spotlight. According to the data of the Winter Olympic Organizing Committee, more than 1,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and more than 30 hydrogen refueling stations will be operated in a demonstration manner. "Hydrogen" wind hit, and after 2022, new energy subsidies will monopolize the technical route of hydrogen fuel cells; so why are hydrogen fuel cell vehicles so optimistic in the context of being promoted for so long but have not achieved large-scale application? This article will explore this in depth.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells: The "Special" and "Pearl" in New Energy Subsidies
After the mainland established the strategy of supporting new energy vehicles, it took the three technical routes of pure electric, plug-in hybrid (including range extender) and fuel cell (the mainland mainly focuses on hydrogen fuel cell applications) as the focus of subsidies. Since 2016, the mainland's new energy vehicles have entered the national promotion stage, and four ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, have formulated and issued the "Notice on The Financial Support Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in 2016-2020", clarifying the scope and amount of subsidies for different technical routes.
Among them, the special thing is that fuel cell vehicles are the only models in the new energy vehicles that enjoy the special preferential policy of subsidies and no slopes from 2016 to 2020. This also means that in the 5 years of rapid promotion of new energy vehicles in the country, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can receive subsidies of up to 1 million yuan, indicating the mainland's firm support for fuel cell technology routes.
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, subsidies for fuel cell vehicles will not decline
In 2020, in order to further increase the penetration rate of new energy vehicles on the mainland, the four ministries and commissions once again issued a document announcing the extension of new energy subsidies until the end of 2022. However, the technical route of hydrogen fuel cells has once again been singled out: in September 2020, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration and other five national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Carrying out the Demonstration Application of Fuel Cell Vehicles", announcing that fuel cells have entered the demonstration period, during which the five departments will adopt the method of "replacing compensation with awards" to reward the city clusters shortlisted for demonstration in accordance with their goals.
In September 2020, the hydrogen fuel cell "award in lieu of compensation" policy was announced
According to the policy document, the Ministry of Finance will give subsidies to the demonstration city cluster in the two areas of fuel cell vehicle promotion and application and hydrogen energy supply, and the specific way of subsidies is through point accounting, 1 point to 100,000 yuan subsidy, and the upper limit of points is 15,000 points and 2,000 points, that is, the maximum amount of subsidies is 1.5 billion yuan and 200 million yuan. In order to encourage continuous progress in fuel cell-related technologies, the new policy document shows that the standard of points will decline year by year. After the completion of the demonstration, for those who exceed the quota to complete the demonstration tasks, the excess part will be rewarded, and the calculation will be based on the amount of tasks exceeded and the reward points standard, and the upper limit of additional reward funds shall not exceed 10% of the funds that should be obtained. In principle, places outside the demonstration area should no longer give purchase subsidies for the promotion of fuel cell vehicles.
During the demonstration period, the demonstration city cluster should complete the sales price of the vehicle hydrogen energy terminal not exceeding 35 yuan / kg, the scale of vehicle promotion that meets the technical indicators should exceed 1,000, the cumulative operating mileage of the promotion vehicle meets the requirements, and the basic goal of building and putting into operation more than 15 hydrogen refueling stations should be completed and put into operation.
The policy of "substituting awards for compensation" puts forward target requirements for the construction of hydrogen refueling stations
Fuel cells will accelerate the promotion, quickly see if your city has any subsidies to buy hydrogen vehicles?
According to the Notice on the Demonstration Application of Fuel Cell Vehicles, we know that hydrogen fuel cells are no longer subsidized nationwide, but declare and obtain subsidy amounts in the form of urban agglomerations. At present, the three major urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shanghai and Guangdong have been confirmed in August last year, and the shortlisting applications of henan and Hebei are also officially approved in January this year. Therefore, these five major urban agglomerations will enter the first full annual demonstration period of fuel cells in 2022.
Perhaps many consumers and some people in the industry are not clear about how the new fuel cell compensation policy is implemented, and which cities can get subsidies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. For example, the Shanghai Urban Agglomeration is led by Shanghai Municipality, which has joined forces with 6 cities including Suzhou, Jiangsu Nantong, Zhejiang Jiaxing, Shandong Zibo, Ningxia Ningdong, and Inner Mongolia Ordos City.
Shanghai released a hydrogen fuel cell development plan in November 2020, proposing to promote 10,000 hydrogen vehicles by 2023
At the same time as Shanghai, there are two major urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Guangdong, of which the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city cluster is led by Beijing Municipality, Daxing District is united with six districts such as Haidian District and Changping District, and 12 cities (districts) such as Tianjin Binhai New Area, Hebei Baoding, Tangshan, Shandong Binzhou and Zibo City constitute the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Demonstration City Cluster.
The Guangdong Demonstration City Cluster is led by Foshan City and formed in conjunction with Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Yangjiang, Yunfu, Baotou, Lu'an and Zibo.
The policy of "substituting awards for compensation" requires the demonstration city cluster to meet the basic conditions for declaration
The Henan demonstration city cluster is composed of Zhengzhou City as the leading city and Yutong Bus as the dominant enterprise, and unites the five cities of Xinxiang, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Anyang and Jiaozuo in Henan Province, and 11 advantageous cities or regions in the industrial chain such as the three districts of Shanghai (Jiading, Lingang and Fengxian), Zhangjiakou, Weifang and Foshan.
The Hebei Urban Agglomeration is led by Zhangjiakou City, united with Tangshan, Baoding, Handan, Qinhuangdao, Dingzhou, Xinji, Xiong'an New District in Hebei Province, as well as Wuhai City in Inner Mongolia, Fengxian District in Shanghai, Zhengzhou in Henan, Zibo and Liaocheng in Shandong, xiamen in Fujian and other cities.
In 2022, there will be 5 major urban agglomerations in mainland China to demonstrate the operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
It can be seen from the above five major urban agglomerations that these urban agglomerations are strong and powerful, and even overlap with each other, but the purchase and use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the above-mentioned approved cities will enjoy high subsidies. But there are also certain risks.
Demonstration objectives and reward points criteria for fuel cell demonstration urban agglomerations
The policy document shows that after the demonstration, if the scale of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the demonstration city cluster does not exceed 1,000, the average cumulative hydrogen mileage of the single vehicle does not exceed 30,000 kilometers, the hydrogen refueling station built and put into operation does not exceed 15, the key components are loaded with less than 500 units, and the price of hydrogen energy terminals exceeds 35 yuan / kg, the reward points will be deducted, and the serious ones will be cancelled from the demonstration qualification. The average cumulative hydrogen mileage of the demonstration vehicle will be reviewed separately, and the average cumulative hydrogen mileage of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years should exceed 0.75 million kilometers, 15,000 kilometers, 22,500 kilometers and 30,000 kilometers respectively.
Fuel cell vehicle subsidies so much, support up?
In 2016-2020, the national supplement standards for fuel cell passenger vehicles, light passenger trucks and heavy passenger trucks are 200,000 yuan, 300,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan per vehicle, respectively; during the period of substitution for awards, the national supplement for a standard fuel cell vehicle in 2022 is 110,000 yuan. In contrast, the subsidy amount of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is very large compared with the technical routes such as pure electric and plug-in hybrid. So what is the current scale of promotion of fuel cell vehicles?
China's 2015-2021 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle production and sales Data source: Orange Club
According to data from the China Automobile Association, in 2021, the mainland will produce a total of 1777 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, an increase of 48.2% year-on-year; cumulative sales of 1586 vehicles, an increase of 34.7%. Between 2015 and 2021, the mainland produced a total of 9237 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and sold 8938 units.
Global hydrogen fuel cell vehicle sales over the years Data source: Orange Club
In the above sales data, hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles are the mainstay, and the promotion volume of hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars in 7 years is less than 100. However, even if you look at the world, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are currently a small-scale industry, and the scale of new energy vehicles around 2015 is relatively close. According to the statistics of the hydrogen energy data of the Orange Club, in 2021, the sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be 33,000 units, an increase of 2% over the previous year.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle sales data of major car companies around the world Data source: Orange Will
Looking at the world, the current car companies promoting hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are mainly Toyota, Honda and Hyundai, of which Toyota will promote a total of 5918 vehicles in 2021 and Hyundai will promote a total of 9620 vehicles.
Hyundai Nexo is one of the world's most popular hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars
As far as the mainland is concerned, the current hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are mainly commercial vehicles, such as SAIC Maxus V80, which is priced at only 300,000 yuan after subsidies, and has been demonstrated in many places such as Xinbin County, Liaoning Province. There are not many passenger car products currently launched by Mainland China, among which SAIC Maxus EUNIQ 7 is a fuel cell passenger car that has achieved mass production and has been put on the market, which is positioned as a medium and large MPV model, and the price after subsidy is 299,800--399,800 yuan.
EUNIQ 7 is a fuel cell passenger car that has been put on the market and is priced at 299,800-399,800 yuan after subsidy
In addition, some of the hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars of independent brands have also been put on the market in the experimental stage, such as FAW Hongqi H5-FCEV, GAC Aion LX Fuel Cell, Changan CS75 FCV, etc.
Why is the promotion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles not ideal in the case of strong support from the state? Yi Baolian, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that the current reasons for hindering the promotion of hydrogen fuel cells are subjective and objective, the objective factors are mainly high fuel cell costs, no large-scale production lines, and the number of hydrogen refueling station infrastructure is small, etc., and the subjective factor is that most users do not understand the operation principle of hydrogen fuel cells, resulting in people "talking about hydrogen discoloration".
Chen Chao, brand public relations director of SAIC Maxus, also agreed with the above views, but he said that after the introduction of the hydrogen fuel cell demonstration city cluster policy, the major local policies have carried out detailed planning for the localization and cost of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen refueling station construction, hydrogen transportation and refueling, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will enter a stage of rapid development in the next few years.
The Toyota Mirai is the most widely promoted hydrogen fuel cell passenger car worldwide
Write at the end:
At this Winter Olympics, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were used for the first time in a historic and large-scale manner, and while practicing the "green and clean" Olympic Games, hydrogen fuel cells have once again become an outlet. In addition, by the end of 2022, the subsidies for pure electric and plug-in hybrid will be completely zero, while hydrogen fuel cells will continue to receive high comparisons.
However, for the time being, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles still belong to the technical route of small-scale development, and after the announcement of the policy of "replacing compensation with awards", the planning goals of major urban agglomerations have revealed an ambitious blueprint. For example, the Shanghai urban agglomeration put forward the strategic goal of "100 stations, 100 billion, 100 million vehicles" (planning to build nearly 100 hydrogen refueling stations, forming an output scale of nearly 100 billion yuan, and promoting fuel cell vehicles nearly 10,000).
Beijing released the "Beijing Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Implementation Plan (2021-2025)" in August last year, planning that by 2023, Beijing will strive to build 37 hydrogen refueling stations and promote 3,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; by 2025, cultivate 10 to 15 leading enterprises in the industrial chain with international influence, and the cumulative promotion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will exceed 10,000.
The Hebei Provincial Urban Agglomeration also announced that it will promote 7,710 fuel cell vehicles of various types during the four-year demonstration period. The planning of the above urban demonstration groups shows that the spring of the scale development of hydrogen fuel cells has come, and the future of hydrogen vehicles will be like the pure electric vehicles in the past, from not being optimistic to entering thousands of households. Do you know what a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is? Are you optimistic about the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area.