In the last years of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the revolutionaries revolted to save the country, and the most tragic, tragic and shocking thing was the "Huanghuagang Uprising", in which the elite of the League came out and the death was tragic.
The insurgents were the elite backbone of the League from all provinces, including overseas students, journalists, business managers, new army soldiers, martial artists, and many others, with an average age of less than thirty.
If they are put into the future, they are likely to be the commanders of an army, the governors of a province, and the pillars of the country and the security of the state, but they will be killed in this war.
Sun Yat-sen's Sorrowful Book: Our Party's Elite Has Burned To a Torch, and Its Losses Can Be Described as Great!
The revolutionaries in Huanghuagang insisted on raising their own deeds and generously to their deaths when the uprising was known to have leaked. Tragic and helpless, a song of Xiao killed, playing the sky.
"With a few hundred people beating tens of thousands of people, the martyrs know the consequences, but they still have to do it, this is to martyr the country, to awaken forty million people." --Sun Yat-sen
What are they doing?
They bravely went to war in the year of flowers, quoting two poems by Qiu Jin: China has no pure land, and sacrificed to fulfill my responsibilities.
In 1895, Sun Yat-sen launched the first anti-Qing armed uprising, and the League held more than ten incidents, all of which failed.
The revolutionaries believed that the main cause of the defeat was the dispersion of forces, so they planned to launch a largest uprising in Guangzhou, and the Huanghuagang uprising was highly anticipated from the beginning, and many revolutionaries devoted themselves to this battle.
Sun Yat-sen raised 160,000 oceans for the uprising, which was the most well-funded of all the uprisings, and the donors even included the heirs of Manchu Qing ministers who studied abroad.
After careful planning, April 13, 1911 was set as the day of the event.
As the days of the uprising drew near, an accident occurred. A man named Wen Shengcai assassinated the Guangzhou general Fu Qi and disrupted the plan of the uprising.
Wen Shengcai, a native of Meixian County, Guangdong Province, came from a poor family, joined the army, and was a member of the League.
In 1911, Wen Shengcai was already 41 years old, still full of blood, and took the revolutionaries who assassinated the regent Zaifeng a year ago as a model, and decided to emulate Wang Jingwei at that time.
On April 8, 1911, Wen Shengcai dropped three bombs on Fu Qi's palanquin outside Guangzhou, firing four shots in a row, and Fu Qi was killed on the spot. In fact, what Wen Shengcai really wanted to kill was Li Zhun, the admiral of guangdong water divisions, who had repeatedly thwarted the uprisings of the League.
Wen Shengcai was arrested and imprisoned, and Zhang Qiming, the governor of Liangguang, personally interrogated him and asked him why he assassinated Qing officials.
"It's not an assassination, it's an open killing." Wen Sheng replied.
Under severe torture, Wen Shengcai did not spit a word, and finally beheaded, dismembered, and dug his heart at the place where Fu Qi was attacked.
Before his execution, Wen Shengcai had no fear on his face and smiled at Yang Tianchang: "The Manchu Qing has no way, loses power and humiliates the country, and killing YiFuqi is useless, but it is thought that the world is first, this move is purely for the sake of saving the nation, not to have a personal vendetta with Fuqi, let alone someone to take charge." I'm one step ahead. ”
Wen Shengcai's move shocked countless people, including his assassination target, Li Zhun, the admiral of the Admiralty, who took the lead in revolt in Guangdong after the Outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, directly promoting the peaceful restoration of Guangdong Province.
Although such a righteous act was awe-inspiring, the negative effect of this assassination caused martial law in Guangzhou before the uprising, and the city searched for revolutionaries.
This made it impossible for the guns and ammunition that had been planned to be transported into the city, and the revolutionaries who had gathered in guangzhou had to leave the city in batches.
Huang Xing could only order: suspend the uprising.
On April 25, the day before the uprising, the former was stripped of his rank and the second-in-command of the Guangzhou New Army, the two main forces within the uprising, and the latter ordered to be discharged by May 3.
These moves are not only a drain on the bottom of the pot, but also a clear signal: the Guangzhou uprising has leaked secrets.
In this case, the postponement of the Guangzhou uprising seemed inevitable, but some of the revolutionary party elite who risked death to stay were resolutely opposed to the rescheduling.
They know that the news of the uprising has been leaked, but they are strongly dissatisfied with the situation, they know that they cannot do anything about it, and if they make a desperate bet, if the uprising fails, they will carry out a vigorous assassination.
The Huanghuagang uprising is like an arrow, pinning the expectations of too many people at home and abroad, if it is not triggered, it will be a heavy blow to the morale of the revolution, and it will be difficult for the alliance to obtain overseas fundraising, so Huang Xing, with the heart of death, declared the uprising as usual.
At 5:25 p.m. on April 27, 1911, the Guangzhou Uprising began, and the daredevils wore white scarves on their shoulders, black-faced gum shoes on their feet, explosives wrapped around their waists, guns in their hands, the wind was cold and the water was cold, and the clothes were like snow... The beheading operation invaded the Liangguang Governor's Palace in one fell swoop, but the Liangguang Governor Zhang Mingqi escaped.
That night, the Qing army organized a large-scale counterattack, and the rebel army fought fiercely with the enemy, but finally because it was outnumbered, the uprising failed.
Huang Xing, Zhao Sheng, and some other rebels withdrew to Hong Kong with the help of the citizens of Guangzhou, but the revolutionaries who failed to escape from Guangzhou city were killed by the enemy.
In Xiaodongying No. 5, the headquarters of the Huanghuagang Uprising, a pair of stone lions in front of the Yamen of the Liangguang Governor's Office are still preserved, and the bullet craters on them are dense.
In 1898, Tan Sitong: I smiled at the sky from the horizontal knife and went to leave the liver and gallbladder for two kunluns.
10 years later, in 1911, the Huanghuagang Uprising, Lin Juemin: Great Qing asked for my life, I cursed the heart of Great Qing!
Huanghuagang Uprising martyr, Lin Juemin, Lin Huiyin's cousin, he has a face like a crown jade, a beautiful appearance, a scholar, and his hands are really without the power of a chicken.
Entering Guangzhou from Hong Kong, before the uprising, he wrote the "Letter with His Wife" with a handkerchief, and the awe-inspiring "Book of the Father" resolutely went to his death.
Soon after the uprising, Lin Juemin was shot in the waist and fell to the ground and was captured. After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, when Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang, and Li Zhun, the admiral of the water division, interrogated Lin Juemin, Who could not speak Cantonese, answered questions in English, and generously stated: "Among the world's great powers in the world, which country is not strong because of revolution?" How can China not think about revolution? "The court shook.
Zhang Mingqi raised his heart for Cai: "Lin Juemin, this official intends to show you extra-legal kindness..."
Lin Juemin flatly refused: "No need, we will do things together and die together, I cannot be an exception." ”
In the face of persuasion and unmoved, the integrity of Zhang Mingqi and Li Zhunwei was broken, and according to records, Li Zhun ordered lin Juemin's shackles to be removed, and even held a spittoon for his relatives.
Zhang Mingqi regretted: But if you die like this, there will be nothing!
Lin Juemin said awe-inspiringly: "Great Qing asks for my life, and I curse the heart of Great Qing!"
Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang, sighed, "Sorry, Lin Juemin! The face is like jade, the liver and intestines are like iron, and the heart is bright as snow."
At that time, Li Zhun, the admiral of the marine division, advised Zhang Mingqi to stay for the country, but Zhang Mingqi believed that such a figure was left to the revolutionary party to add wings to the tiger and ordered him to be executed.
During his detention, Lin Juemin could not eat rice, and was escorted to the execution ground a few days later, with a calm demeanor and generosity.
Lin Juemin
Huanghuagang martyr, 25-year-old Fang Shengdong, in order to participate in the uprising, interrupted his studies and returned from Japan.
Before leaving, he took his wife and children to take a family portrait, his wife in a kimono faced the camera, and the photographer asked him to see the camera, but he insisted on looking at his young son waving his right hand on his wife Wang Ying's lap.
At the moment when she got the news of Fang Shengdong's death, Wang Ying, who was still waiting for her husband to return in Japan, finally understood why her husband always said "I'm sorry" to herself before leaving, and why he looked at his son so persistently when taking pictures...
Chen Xinxin, 21 years old, Qing officials asked him how he was so young and how he participated in the rebellion, and he replied indignantly: "Compatriots are dreaming, we are waking them up!" What is a rebellion? Killing a human being has always been this truth since ancient times, what do you rats know? Die fast! ”
……
Lonely yellow flowers, away from the grass, out of the master, buried in hatred for eternity
After the uprising, the righteous soldiers were exposed to the streets, and no one dared to bury them, and the revolutionary Pan Dawei, resolutely risking his life, ran around in his public capacity as a reporter of the "Civilian Daily" and persuaded Xu Shutang, the director of the Charity Hall, to donate a vacant land called Honghuagang on the side of Shahe Road.
Pan Dawei mortgaged the ancestral house and collected the remains of his comrades into a coffin, which lasted five hours from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., and this group of enthusiastic men who "dared to go to war with a year of flowers" finally got a piece of loess to rest in peace.
Canghonghua bi, yellow flower proud frost. Panda slightly changed the red granary to yellow granite, yellow flower chrysanthemum, windward proud frost.
Sun Yat-sen commented on the uprising: "The wind and clouds have changed color, and the hearts of the people of the whole country for a long time are greatly excited. The accumulation of resentment, like the waves of anger, cannot be suppressed. ”
Less than half a year after the Huanghuagang uprising, another uprising broke out in Wuchang, fulfilling the long-cherished wishes of all the previous insurgents.
The former servants followed, and the sparks burned.
Heroes are immortal.
Do something, don't do something.
In 1912, the military government of Guangdong Province allocated 100,000 yuan to build a martyrs' cemetery in Huanghuagang, and on May 15 of the same year (March 29 of the lunar calendar), the 72 Martyrs' Tomb Festival was held for the first time.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the country, personally presided over the festival, wrote the sacrifice text, and inscribed the inscription for the cemetery "Haoqi Eternal".
Huang Xing wrote "Green Blood Yellow Flower", Cang Honghua Bi, Qiu Ju Proud Frost.
Sun Yat-sen personally planted four pine trees in the Huanghuagang Martyrs Cemetery, and one still exists.
On the eve of the Huanghuagang Uprising, Xu Weiyang, the head of the branch, organized more than 100 death squads to participate in the Huanghuagang Uprising, which was the only peasant team in the rebel army.
In 1920, Sun Yat-sen personally inscribed eight characters for Sanhua Village: "Destroying the Family to Alleviate Difficulties, The Merit Lies in the Party-State".
During the Republic of China period, every time the Chairman of the National Government passed Sanhua Village by train, he always asked the vehicle to slow down and slow down to show respect for the 16 Sanhua villagers.
postscript
Lin Juemin was only 24 years old when he was martyred, and at the age of prosperity, his wife Chen Yiying was devastated and wanted to commit suicide with him, and Lin Juemin's parents knelt in front of her and pleaded.
Less than a month after Lin Juemin's death, Chen Yiying gave birth to a widow early, and a year later, she finally died of excessive thoughts and depression, and she was only 22 years old that year.
Lin Juemin had two heirs, the eldest son Lin Yixin and the widowed son Lin Zhongxin. After Lin Juemin's uprising, the Lin family sold their ancestral house to avoid disasters and lived on the poverty line, and the eldest son, Lin Yixin, died at the age of 9.
The Lin family did not receive emergency relief from the government during the period of Yuan Shikai and Duan Qirui, and when the republic of China government was established, because Lin Juemin died for the uprising of the Alliance, the government supported the Lin family.
Lin Zhongxin eventually entered Shanghai Guanghua University, and after graduation, he worked with his father's close friend Lin Sen, who was a high-ranking official in the National Government.
Lin Zhongxin was arranged to work as an official at the grassroots level from the beginning, because of his grandfather's willingness to stay away from politics, Lin Zhongxin has not been enthusiastic about politics, so the official position has not changed much.
After the founding of New China, Lin Zhongxin settled in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and served as the deputy director of the Grain Bureau of Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province.
In 1983, Lin Zhongxin died of illness and donated Lin Juemin's suicide note "Letter to His Wife" to the Fujian Museum.
Zhang Qiming, the governor of Liangguang, fled to Japan with money after the success of the Xinhai Revolution, and then supported Yuan Shikai as emperor and was made a first-class earl, and after the Qiqi Lugou Bridge Incident, he defected to the Japanese and died of illness on September 15, 1945.