In nature, animals with high appearance will always make us feel pity, can move into the home as a pet, even if it is a pet climbing enthusiast, there are certain requirements for appearance, but if you give you a body that is almost all alive underground, with a few long hairs on the body, and wrinkled skin, and more importantly, a naked mole rat who is keen on rolling dung, you may directly say: Sorry, I am allergic to small animals and cannot be raised.
But it is such an ugly underground animal, but found many surprising characteristics of scientists, such as naked mole rats in order to adapt to the underground hypoxic environment to survive, can survive in an anaerobic environment for 18 minutes, and their cells in the strange repair mechanism, relying on the current developed genetic engineering, may even help humans to overcome cancer, in addition to this cell repair mechanism is also like the "source of life", the human breakthrough 120-year-old life limit provides a new idea.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > cold-blooded mammals</h1>
Speaking of the world's most tenacious creatures, you may think of the tardigrade, probably the life force blessing provided by the similar appearance, and the naked mole rat with similar appearance to the tardigrade is also a survival master.
Naked mole rat scientific name is called African naked mouse, such a scientific name will indeed make many chemistry students stand up, gram molecule is a very important concept of chemistry, but more bizarre than the special name of "porting" other professions, naked mole rat also switched to the camp of cold-blooded animals, yes, naked mole rat is a cold-blooded animal in mammals, from high to low level, which feels like going directly to the amazon primitive tribe after work to do blow arrows.
The scientists explained that because smaller animals are more likely to lose heat than large animals, and the food of naked mole rats is mostly low-calorie tubers, maintaining constant temperature has become a luxury, and the temperature change in the underground environment is not strong, and the negative impact of cold-blooded properties is acceptable.
Naked mole rats if hot to go deeper tunnels, cold to go to a shallow tunnel, or squeeze, for cold-blooded animals the hair insulation effect is lost, and heavy hair in the individual between the group also hinders heat transfer, so naked mole rats choose to "honestly meet", I know what you will think, their skin does not even have the most basic pain.
The warmth of the groups between individuals has also promoted the socialization of naked mole rats, in addition to this reason, the place where naked mole rats live is the hottest and driest relative to other moles, and their food is mostly tubers grown in the rainy season, naked mole rats have become cold-blooded animals in order to save energy, if a single naked mole rat digs a tunnel underneath to find food, it is bound to consume more energy, in order to have a stutter, they choose to live in groups, a naked mole rat group can have more than 300 members, and the tunnel network can have five or six football fields In order to eat less, the weight of naked mole rats is about 30 grams, which is not less than 17 according to the weight.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > the real "black technology" of naked mole rats</h1>
The above what group, cold-blooded, no hair, etc. can only be said to be the most basic means of survival, there are not many animals living in nature, the quality of life of naked mole rats can only be said to be ordinary, and what really makes naked mole rats out of the circle is their longevity and unique cell repair ability.
A 30-gram naked mole rat life span can reach 30 years you dare to believe, this is still a theoretical value, because in the wild where what animals can die, physical function is weakened by the natural elimination, more amazing is that naked mole rats can still reproduce before death, the appearance does not see aging, the brain does not change, the cancer rate is directly 0, and the genes of naked mole rats and humans have a 93% similarity rate, these few items I am not a scientist I have ideas, not to mention every day is a scientist who suffers from no subject.
In July 2013, researchers at the University of Rochester in the United States found that fibroblasts of naked mole rats can secrete a large amount of hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid is the main reason why naked mole rats live longer and do not suffer from cancer. Hyaluronic acid is very sensitive to the distance between cells, like cancer cells such as tight clumping, totemyric acid will immediately intervene in the continued division of the terminal cells, which can effectively inhibit the transformation process of malignant tumors.
However, hyaluronic acid synthase is highly conserved in the evolution of vertebrates, and this enzyme in humans and mice has 98.7% identity and 100% similarity, while naked mole rats are special in that the genes of hyaluronic acid synthase controlled in vivo have mutated, which determines that the aspartic acid conserved by synthase is replaced by serine, which produces a large amount of tynecoic acid.
In further studies, scientists tried different combinations that induce cell carcinogenesis to test the mechanism by which hyaluronic acid inhibits cell carcinogenesis, but unfortunately, the "black technology" of naked mole rats only applies to situations such as moderate levels of oncogene expression, while the proto-oncogenes in humans are much more complex and have many more trigger mechanisms than naked mole rats.
To explain in our average human language, the human proto-oncogene is like a colander, unless the eyes are all plugged up, it will not be expressed, and the naked mole rat is like an iron basin leaking an eye, which is plugged at once, and the method of plugging the iron basin is used to plug the colander, which will certainly be a little insufficient, but fortunately it can provide scientists with an idea.
In addition to its ability to fight cancer, the longevity of naked mole rats is also of great research value. Naked mole rat cells can repair DNA autonomously, in nature self-repair DNA animals are not a minority, like bats have this function, in addition, in the organism senescent cells on the body's destruction effect is very huge, but naked mole rats will control the metabolism of senescent cells and permanently prevent the division of senescent cells, combined with DNA repair ability, vigorous cells will continue to divide, which also achieves the longevity of naked mole rats, but this special mechanism is still in the process of research, if there is progress, It will be of great help to human beings to break through the 120-year life limit.