Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, writer, and one of the most famous novelists of the twentieth century. Hemingway was born in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, and committed suicide in his later years at his home in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway's life is complex and emotional, he has been married four times, and is a representative of the "Lost Generation" writers in the United States, and his works show confusion and wandering about life, the world, and society.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > basic information</h1>
Chinese name is Ernest Hemingway
His foreign name is Ernest Miller Hemingway
Nationality U.S
Date of birth July 21, 1899
Died July 2, 1961
Table of Contents 1 Character Brief Description 2 Family Introduction 3 Character Biography 4 Famous Works 5 Writing Style 6 Influence and Legacy 7 Awards Honor 8 Character Anecdote 9 Works Introduction
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > character brief description</h1>
Ernest hemingway
Between 1939 and 1960, Hemingway settled in Cuba and called himself an "ordinary Cuban". During this period, Hemingway wrote the world-famous masterpiece < The Old Man and the Sea >. After the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Hemingway met with Fidel Castro, the leader of the Cuban Revolution. On November 11, 2002, Castro personally attended the inauguration of the Hemingway House Museum. Hemingway received several different awards during his lifetime: he was awarded the Silver Medal of Bravery during world war I; in 1953 he won the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea; and in 1954, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature. After Hemingway's death, the Modern Library of America listed two of his works, The Sun Also Rises and Farewell, Weapon, in 2001 as one of the "100 Best English Novels of the 20th Century."
Hemingway's writing style, known for its simplicity, had a profound influence on American literature and the development of 20th-century literature; many of his works are still highly authoritative.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > family introduction</h1>
Hemingway's father, Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, graduated from Oberlin University and became an internist. Clarence's father was Anson Hemingway, a Civil War veteran who would later run a thriving real estate business in Chicago. Clarence was an avid coin collector and philatelist who would also collect arrows to break the Tawatumi Indians. He was also an amateur herbarist, stripping small animals and birds, while also collecting snakes, which he kept in sealed glass jars and preserved with alcohol. He first met Hemingway's mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, in high school. She was a beautiful bass, and her mother and teachers encouraged her to pursue an orthodox opera career. After graduating from high school, she spent five years teaching music, language and voice training, but she had an eye disease because she suffered from scarlet fever when she was 7 years old. Later, her eyes were still very sensitive to strong light, so she often had nerve pain in her head. In the winter of her 23th year, she made her debut at Madison Square in New York City, but her eyes could not stand the lights on the stage, so she and her father went abroad in the summer of the same year, and after returning, married the young Dr. Clarence Hemingway on October 1, 1896.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > character biography</h1>
adolescence
Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Chicago, Illinois, at 8 a.m. on July 21, 1899. He was born 9 and a half pounds and 23 inches tall, the second and first son of protestants Clarence Edmunds Hemingway and Grace Hauer Hemingway. He had a sister named Marceline; the eldest sister named Madelaine; the second sister named Sunny; the third sister named Ursula; the fourth sister named Carol; carol was a boy under Carol, hemingway's only younger brother, named Leicester Clarence. When he was 7 months old, the Hemingways traveled to Lake Wallon, Michigan, where they built a farmhouse, which they named Windemere – a name taken from Grace's English home, Lake Windermere , where they often spent the summers vacationing. They waited until they reached Lake Walloon before being baptized for Hemingway. Shortly before noon on October 1, the third anniversary of Grace's marriage, Hemingway was baptized in the first Congregational Church under the name Ernest Miller Hemingway. His names followed the maternal line of Ernest from his maternal grandfather, miller as the bedding manufacturer. Hemingway moved to Oak Park in 1902, so his childhood was spent in Oak Park. The Hemingway family lived in a six-bedroom Victorian house built by his maternal grandfather, Ernest Hall. Hemingway spent most of his childhood in farmhouses on Lake Walloon, where he ate, slept, and played, absorbing as much of the mountain forest as possible. When he was a child, his favorite things to read were picture books and animal cartoons, and he liked to listen to various types of stories on weekdays. As a child, Hemingway always liked to imitate other characters, and whenever he heard the story, he would always imitate the characters he liked in the story. Hemingway was also interested in sewing and other household chores, and her mother said, "He likes to sew things, and he often wants to sew clothes for his father." He likes to sew his dad's pants, and he has a pair of pants that his mom makes up for him." He loves all kinds of animals, especially wildlife. He would speak to his toys and personify them. He had always longed to have a little brother, but when his sister Eusula was born in April 1902, his eyes filled with tears and he said, "I thought, maybe Jesus will send me a little brother tomorrow."
Hemingway's mother had always wanted to give birth to twins, but it backfired, and in order to appease herself, she had Hemingway Jr. wear a pink checkered flower cloth and a wide-brimmed hat decorated with flowers, changed her sister Marceline's hairstyle, and let Little Hemingway take a picture of them dressed like his sister Marcelline, calling them "twins".
Hemingway's mother wanted her son to develop musically, but Hemingway inherited his father's interests such as hunting, fishing, and camping in forests and lakes. Since Hemingway spent his childhood in a farmhouse on Lake Walloon, this long-term contact with nature made him love nature for the rest of his life, and later in order to have more contact with nature, he often traveled to uninhabited places.
From September 1913 until his graduation in June 1917, Hemingway was educated at Oak Park and Riverside Forest High School. He excelled academically and athletically; he could box, play football, and showed great talent for English in his class. His first writing experience was writing for two literary newspapers in junior high school and later becoming a journal editor in high school. He sometimes writes under the name Ring Lardner Jr. in honor of his literary hero Ring Lardner.
After graduating from high school, he had to face college, war, and work. Although his father wanted him to attend Oberlin University with Marceline, and he may have preferred to attend Illinois State University with his classmates and some of his friends, he refused to go to college and officially began his writing career at the age of 18 as a journalist at the Kansas City Star, a well-established newspaper in the United States. Although he worked for only six months at the Kanseong Star (October 17, 1917 – April 30, 1918), due to the newspaper's considerable position in the United States at the time, it employed many talented journalists, and almost everyone had the same dream of writing novels. In this atmosphere, Hemingway gradually ignited the idea of writing a novel. Plus Mingwei was influenced by the Writing Style of the Star, which is called: "Use concise sentences." Start with short paragraphs. Speak strong English. Positive thinking." [2] On the centenary of Hemingway's birth (1899), the Kanseong Star, in honor of him, referred to Hemingway as the newspaper's chief correspondent for the following 100 years.
During World War I
A few months later, Hemingway resigned as a journalist despite his father's objections and tried to join the U.S. army to observe the fighting in World War I. "When I went to the last big war, I was a terrible fool," Hemingway said in 1942, "I remember I just thought we were the home team and Austria was the away team." Hemingway was a typical American tough guy, and Professor Fende of the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom once said: "He has a strong body, broad shoulders, a straight head, dark brown hair and a mustache." Originally, Hemingway was in such good shape that he should be able to enlist in the army, but due to a visual defect, he failed a physical examination, and he was later transferred to the Red Cross Rescue Team. On his way to the Italian front, he lingered in Paris under German artillery fire. Instead of staying in a safe hotel, he tried to get as close to the battlefield as possible. Hemingway was excited, describing himself as "as if he had been sent on a special mission to write the greatest story of the year." He rented a cab with his friend Ted Bloombeck and hoped to see a new crater or two. Ted writes: "As soon as we heard the shell explode, our car drove as quickly as possible to the place where the explosion was... But as soon as we left there we heard another explosion in the distance of the city." Arriving at the Italian front, Hemingway witnessed the brutality of the war. On his first day there, an ammunition depot near Milan exploded. Hemingway wrote to the Star: "When an ammunition depot exploded, it was the first baptism of fire in my life. We brought the wounded in, just as we did at Kansas General Hospital." Hemingway was ordered to search nearby fields for bodies thrown away by explosions and taken to a makeshift morgue, where he found more female than male bodies. What he saw that time shocked Hemingway.
The soldiers he encountered afterwards did not alleviate his panic. In a discussion about death on the battlefield, Eric Doyleman-Smith quoted a famous quote from Shakespeare that Hemingway had never heard before. He liked the famous quote so much that he asked Eric to write it on a slip of paper, which he later recited. That quote comes from the second part of the play "Henry IV": "Really, I don't care about death; man can only die once; we all owe God a death... No matter how you die, this year you die and next year you die the same." His view of death was reflected in a letter he wrote to his parents. "Death is a very simple thing," he wrote.
On July 8, 1918, Hemingway was wounded while supplying supplies to soldiers, ending his job as an ambulance driver. He was hit by a mortar shell in the Austrian trench, leaving shrapnel in his leg and also being shot by machine guns. Despite his own wounds, he dragged an Italian wounded soldier to safety, and the Italian government later awarded him the Medaglia d'Argento (Silver Medal of Bravery).
Hemingway worked in an American Red Cross hospital in Milan. With little entertainment, he often got drunk and read newspapers to kill time. Here he met Agnes von Kurowsky, a nun from Washington, D.C., who was six years older than Hemingway. Hemingway fell in love with her, but their relationship ended when Hemingway was about to return to the United States; Angeni did not return to the United States with Hemingway as expected, but became romantically entangled with an Italian officer. This event has been difficult to remove in Hemingway's mind and has become the inspiration for his early novel "Spring Dreams in the Battlefield". In later years, Hemingway increasingly regarded himself as the protagonist of the novel, and Miao claimed to have attained the rank of lieutenant in the Italian army and fought three battles.
Debut and other early works
After the war, Hemingway returned to Oak Park. Because of Prohibition, in 1920 he moved to an apartment at 1599 Bathurst Street in Toronto, Ontario. While living there, he landed a job at the Toronto Star. There he was a freelance writer, journalist and overseas correspondent. Hemingway's friend there was Star reporter Morley Callaghan. There, Callaghan first began writing short stories; Callaghan showed them to Hemingway, who praised them. They were later reunited in Paris. For a short period of time, from 1920 to 1921, Hemingway lived near north Chicago and worked for a small newspaper. In 1921, he married his first wife, Hadley Richardson. In September of the same year, he moved to a narrow, three-story apartment at 1239 Dearborn North Street, north of Chicago. The building is still in its place, and in front of the apartment is a plaque with the words "the Hemingway Apartment." Hadley thought the apartment was too dark and too depressing, but in December 1921, the Hemingways moved out of Chicago and Oak Park, never to live there, but to move out.
They listened to sherwood Anderson's advice and settled down in Paris, where Hemingway gave an interview to the Star about the Greek-Turkish War (1919-1922). After Hemingway's return to Paris, Anderson wrote him a letter of introduction to Gchuttstein. She became Hemingway's mentor and introduced him to the Parisian Modern Movement and then to the Montparnasse Quarter; the beginning of American immigrants becoming a "lost generation," inspired by the inscriptions of Hemingway's novels The Sun Still Rises and The Flowing Feast. Another person who was deeply influenced by him was Ezra Pound, the founder of Imagism.
Hemingway's first work, Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), was published in Paris by Robert McAlmon. That same year, the family returned to Toronto for a short stay, and it was at that time that Hemingway's first son was born, named John, and asked Gerzutstein to be John's godmother. Too busy supporting a family, Hemingway became bored with his job at the Toronto Star and quit on January 1, 1924. Most of Hemingway's writings to the Star were later published in Dateline: Toronto, which was later published in 1985.
Hemingway made his debut on the American literary scene after the publication of his short story series In Our Time (1925). For Hemingway himself, the work was extremely important, and he was repeatedly told that his extremely concise writing style was also acceptable to the literary world.
In April 1925, two weeks after the publication of The Tale of the Tycoon, Hemingway met Francis Scott Ki Fitzgerro, the author of the Tale of the Tycoon, at the Dingo Bar. Fitzgeralo and Hemingway were at first very good friends after they met, and they often drank together and then opened the conversation box. They often exchanged manuscripts, and Fitzgeraldo always hoped that Hemingway would have achieved more in the literary world, but their relationship gradually cooled down and there was a more competitive atmosphere. However, Fizgerro's wife, Zelda Fitzgerald, did not like Hemingway from the start. She has publicly described Hemingway as a "fake" and a "liar", and claimed that he looked very masculine, but in fact it was only his appearance. She began to unreasonably point out that Hemingway was gay and accused her husband of socializing with Hemingway.
Hemingway's first successful novel, < the Sun Rises > (1926), was completed in just six weeks at his favorite café, The Lilac Garden. This is a semi-autobiographical novel. The novel was a success and widely acclaimed. Not long ago, after Hemingway had read the manuscript of Fitzgero's Biography of the Tycoon, he was inspired to write the book.
In 1927, Hemingway divorced Hadley Richardson and married Pauline Pfeiffer, a devout Catholic from Piggott, Arkansas. Fei Fu is a temporary fashion journalist who works for fashion magazines like Vanity Fair and Vogue. [6] At this time, Hemingway began to convert to Catholicism. That year, Hemingway's Man Without a Woman was published, which featured many of his short stories, and "The Killers" was one of Hemingway's best-known short stories. In 1928, Hemingway and Fifer moved to Key West, Florida, and began a new life for both of them. However, their new life was soon interrupted by the occurrence of a tragic event.
In 1928, Hemingway's father, Clarence, committed suicide with a Civil War-era pistol because he could not stand the torment of diabetes and finances. It was a big blow to Hemingway. He hurried back to Oak Park to arrange the aftermath and reminded him that in Catholicism, suicide would go to hell. Around the same time, Harry Crosby, the founder of Black Sun Press and a friend Hemingway knew in Paris, also committed suicide. In the same year, Hemingway's second son, Patrick, was born in Kansas City, while his third son, Gregory Hemingway, was born years later. After the mother's hard labor, the doctor finally managed to remove the baby by caesarean section, and some data showed that "Battlefield Spring Dream" had this scene.
"Battlefield Spring Dream" details the romantic story between Frederick Henry, an American soldier, and Catherine Barkley, a British nurse. The novel is written in an autobiographical style: the storyline of the book is clearly inspired by Hemingway's relationship with Nurse Kuroschi in Milan, while Catherine's prenatal pains are inspired by the pain of Hemingway's second wife Pauline before giving birth to her second son, Patrick.
When other books about World War I began to become famous, "Spring Dreams in the Battlefield" was published. The success of "Battlefield Spring Dream" greatly solved Hemingway's current financial difficulties.
During the Civil War with Spain in Key West
Hemingway finally heeded John Dos Passos' advice and moved to Key West (where his house is now a museum) in 1931. There, Hemingway and his friend Waldo Peirce went fishing near dry Tortugas, to the famous Sloppy Joe, and occasionally to Spain to collect materials for Death in the Afternoon and Winner Get Nothing. In 1940, nine years later, Hemingway's marriage ended. Later in the 1950s, he entered another period of his life, during which he wrote seventy percent of all the works of his life. In 1932, Death in the Afternoon, a book on bullfighting, was officially published. For the book "Death in the Afternoon", some people think that the book is more like a manual on the techniques of matador and bullfighting, and even a reflection on the relationship between death, art and nobility. In The Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway talks a lot about bullfighting: these rituals are almost always religious customs. His books on Spain were influenced by Baloja (after Hemingway won the Nobel Prize, he went to see Himoja and told him that Hemingway thought Baloja deserved the Nobel Prize). Hemingway became a fanatic after seeing Pamplona's Running Bull Festival in 1925, and later wrote "The Sun Still Rises", describing the grandeur of the Running Bull Festival.
In the autumn of 1933, Hemingway accompanied a hunting expedition to Mombasa, Nairobi and Machakos in Kenya, then to Tanzania, and hunted in Serengeti, Lake Manyara and the western and southern parts of what is now Tarangire National Park, hunting large terrestrial animals such as elephants, lions, and tigers. His trip to Africa was documented in 1935, while < Kilimanjaro's Snow > and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber are fictionalized versions of his African experience.
In 1937, Hemingway was commissioned to Spain to report on the Spanish Civil War for The North American Newspaper Alliance. At that time, Hemingway's friendship with John Dos Pazos was broken, because he continued to report not only about the fascists that Hemingway did not like, but also about the left republican army that Hemingway liked, despite any warnings. In this way, Hemingway became friends with another journalist, Herbert Matthews. At the same time, Hemingway began to doubt his Catholicism and eventually left the Catholic Church. That war also broke Hemingway's marriage. Pauline Fayff was a devout Catholic, and Catholicism was pro-fascist, but on the contrary, Hemingway did not like fascism, he preferred to support the republican junta. It was then that Hemingway wrote a lesser-known essay, The Denunciation, which was published in 1969 with The Four Stories of the Fifth Column and the Spanish Civil War. The story is written in an autobiographical style, describing Hemingway as a wartime Republican intelligence officer and instructor.
During this period, he had many physical health problems that plagued Hemingway: he contracted anthrax; his eyeballs were cut; he had a deep wound on his forehead; he suffered from influenza; he suffered from toothache; hemorrhoids; suffered from kidney disease; he suffered from strained groin muscles; accidentally cut his fingers, the wounds were deep to the bone; he injured his hands, feet, and face while riding through the forests of Wyoming; and broke his hand in a car accident.
World War II and post-war period
The United States entered World War II on December 8, 1941, and Hemingway first requested to join the Naval War. He converted his fishing boat, the Pilar, into a reconnaissance vessel and worked searching for German submarines off the coast of Cuba. When the FBI took over counter-reconnaissance efforts against the Caribbean — J. Hoover Edgar Hoover was suspicious of Hemingway at first, and then Hoover became more suspicious of him— Hemingway went to Europe as a war correspondent for Collier's Weekly. Hemingway was there to monitor the landing of the vehicle crew landing craft on D-Day, but he could not actually go ashore. He was later furious because his wife, Martha Gellhorn, left the Atlantic Ocean on June 7 in a boat full of explosives, dressed as a nurse. Later, he claimed to have thrown 3 grenades into a cellar hidden by SS officers in Villedieu-les-Poêles. Hemingway was an informal liaison official at Château de Rambouillet, and later formed his own party. After the war, Hemingway began writing his Garden of Eden, which he never completed, and was not published until 1986, after his death. Much of his time is spent in an Italian town called Acciaroli (about 136 km south of Naples), where he is often seen walking around with a bottle in his hand.
Four years later, Hemingway divorced Martha and married Mary Welsh Hemingway, a wartime correspondent he had known overseas in 1944, and returned to Cuba shortly thereafter.
Hemingway's War Bells was followed by Crossing the River into the Forest (1950), set in Venice after World War II. Because Hemingway was obsessed with a young Italian girl at the time, his "Crossing the River into the Forest" is a romantic story about a wartime army colonel and a young girl. The novel drew a lot of negative criticism, most of whom criticized Hemingway for vulgarity, inappropriate style, or sentimentality, and even ridiculed as Jiang Lang's talent; but not everyone was so critical of Hemingway, And Marquez once said: "Without Crossing the River into the Forest, there would be no Old Man and the Sea."
old age
In 1952, The Old Man and the Sea was published, and Hemingway was so pleased with the success of the novella that he won two awards, the 1953 Pritz Prize and the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. After winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, he showed great humility and mentioned the Danish writer Karen Beresen, saying that "he would be happier if the prize were awarded to the beautiful writer Isa Danny Sun". [9] These awards brought him back international fame. After that, he had bad luck: during a hunt, he suffered two plane crashes and was seriously injured; he sprained his right shoulder, arm and left leg, suffered severe concussions, temporarily blinded his left eye and deaf in his left ear, paralyzed the sphincter, seriously injured his vertebrae, ruptured his liver, spleen and kidneys, and severely burned his face, arms and legs. Some American newspapers mistakenly posted Hemingway's report, believing that he had died of his injuries.
In addition, a month later, he was seriously injured in a forest fire accident, with severe burns to his legs, front torso, lips, and forearms. These pains persisted for a long time, preventing him from going to Stockholm to accept the Nobel Prize.
Later, he occasionally found some manuscripts written in 1928, rearranged into the current "Flowing Feast", recreating a little hope. Although his energy seemed to have recovered, the problem of alcoholism still plagued him. His blood pressure and cholesterol were extremely high, and his condition of aortic arteritis and his depression was exacerbated by alcoholism.
After the Cuban Revolution overthrew the Fulgencio Batista regime in 1959, all foreign-owned assets were confiscated, forcing many Americans to return to the United States. Hemingway chose to stay longer. Hemingway was widely credited with Fidel Castro and declared his support for the revolution.
On February 26, 1960, Ernest Hemingway unsuccessfully asked the publisher to publish the bullfighting story Dangerous Summer. So he and his wife, Marie, asked their friend, Will Lang Jr., president of Life Magazine, to leave Paris and return to Spain. Hemingway persuaded Lang to publish his manuscript, along with an illustration design. Although this proposal is not documented, it was adopted. On September 5, 1960, the first part of the story appeared in Life Magazine.
Hemingway was later treated for high blood pressure and liver problems in Ketchum, Idaho—and also had to undergo electroconvulsive therapy because of depression and paranoia—but later thought it might have been because Hemingway received electroconvulsive therapy that accelerated his suicidal behavior, which was allegedly severely memory-losing after he received the treatment. He also lost a lot of weight, he was about 183 centimeters tall, but at this time he weighed only about 170 pounds (that is, only about 77 kilograms).
suicide
Hemingway tried to commit suicide in the spring of 1961 and again had to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. Three weeks before his 62nd birthday, on July 2, 1961, at Hemingway's home in Ketchum, Idaho, he committed suicide with a double-barreled shotgun found in a basement storehouse, and his wife heard the gunshots and immediately went downstairs to inspect, when her face was completely destroyed, only her mouth and jaw remained, and the forensic doctor finally determined that the gun was misplaced. The court ruled that no one should be held responsible for his last acts and buried him in Catholic rites. He is said to have severely damaged his memory after receiving electroconvulsive therapy; medical and academic attention has been paid close attention to this claim. In addition to the above statement, some people believe that Hemingway committed suicide because he was very demanding of himself in writing, and later found that his works could no longer reach the quality of "The Old Man and the Sea", and fell into despair, although he tried to rely on deep-sea fishing, hunting, drinking, etc. to distract himself, but it was in vain, and finally he committed suicide. Other members of Hemingway's family also committed suicide, such as his father, siblings and later granddaughter Margaux Hemingway. Some believe Hemingway suffered from bipolar disorder. Throughout his life, he was often heavily drunk, and he suffered from excessive alcoholism in his later years.
Hemingway was buried in the northernmost cemetery in Kechuan, Idaho.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > famous work</h1>
49 Stories
In 1938, Hemingway's 49 stories plus his only complete play, The Fifth Column, were published as The Fifth Column and 49 Stories. Hemingway's aim was, as he said in the preface to the book, to write more. Many of the stories in the book can be found in other books including In Our Time, The Man Without Women, The Winner Gets Nothing, and The Snow of Kilimanjaro.
In this book, although many of the stories are short, there are many famous in them, and "The Killers" is a very famous short story. Battlefield Bells
In the spring of 1939, Francisco Franco defeated the IRA and ended the Spanish Civil War. Franco fascists took Hemingway's home, and in 1940 Hemingway lost his beloved home in Key West due to divorce. A few weeks after the divorce, Hemingway married martha Gelhorn, his four-year companion in Spain, as his third wife. In 1940, Hemingway published the novel War Bells. The book was written in Cuba and Key West in 1939 and completed in July 1940. Set against the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War, the novel tells the story of an American named Robert Jordan who fights Spanish soldiers on the republican side. The story material is mainly derived from Hemingway's experience in Spain and the war report. It is one of his most famous works of literature, and the title is derived from John Downey's Meditation XVII.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > writing style</h1>
Hemingway's style of writing, known for his penchant for his penchant for understatement, had a profound influence on the development of American literature and 20th-century literature. Hemingway's writing style was influenced by his time as a reporter for the Kanseong Star, and his writing throughout his life was the same style of writing as he worked at the Star: "Sentences should be written concisely, the opening paragraphs of the article should be short, strong words should be used, and the thoughts should be positive." In 1925, Hemingway's short story series "In Our Time" was published, which greatly shook the American literary scene, repeatedly explaining to him that his inky writing style was accepted by the American literary world.
As for Hemingway's writing style, Gerchuttstein, in The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, states that "Hemingway's writing style was learned from Gerzuttstein himself and Sherwood Anderson." Xia Zhiqing, a scholar in the United States, also commented on Hemingway's writing style, arguing that Hemingway's articles have a journalistic style, "as clear as water, and there is no aftertaste after reading more."
Hemingway's concise, direct writing style is also the biggest influence on future generations of authors. He rarely uses decorative words, but instead tells the story of the courage, strength and dignity that some people have shown in life in simple sentences. The most famous of these are "Battlefield Spring Dream", "Battlefield Bells" and "The Old Man and the Sea". In 1940, War Bells was published. It is a work depicting the Spanish Civil War, where Hemingway expressed that Franco's totalitarian rule affected not only the Spaniards but also the people of other countries. During that period, many left-leaning artists and intellectuals in Europe and the United States expressed their opposition to totalitarian rule. Set against the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War, the book depicts Robert Jordan, an idealistic American young man who volunteered to fight in the war, fled for his wounds and was abandoned in the rear, so he fought alone with the enemy and finally ended his life by suicide. The storyline is complex and the characters are vividly portrayed. It has been made into a movie. But Xia Zhiqing pointed out that Hemingway in his later years was still written in this tone, even self-deprecating.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > impact and heritage</h1>
Hemingway had a profound influence on American literature, and today, American literature is still influenced by Hemingway. In fact, Hemingway's writing style was very influential, influencing most modern novels, and many writers wanted to imitate Hemingway's writing style, and these writers were influenced by Hemingway's modernist literature. James Joyce called one of Hemingway's short stories "A Clean and Well-Lit Place" "one of the best stories." Hemingway's writing style also influenced Jack Kaluk and other writers of the Beat generation. Jerome David Salinger said he had hoped to be a great American short story writer like Hemingway. Hunter S. Thompson often compares himself to Hemingway, and hemingway-style succinct words can be seen in his early novel The Rum Diary. Thompson later followed Hemingway's example, shooting himself in the head and committing suicide, but he used point forty-five instead of a shotgun. In Latin American literature, Hemingway's influence can be seen in the work of Nobel laureate García Márquez. In addition, the famous novelist Elmore Leonard called Hemingway the person who influenced him the most, as can be seen in his prose. Although he claimed that he did not seriously write literature, he said: "I learn by imitating Hemingway... Until I found that I had not been able to imitate his attitude towards life. I'm not as serious about myself or anything as he is."
<H1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > award honors</h1>
During Hemingway's lifetime, he received the following awards:
• Silver Medal of Bravery (medaglia d'argento) during World War II
• Bronze Star Medal in 1947 for working as an unofficial military correspondent during World War II
• In 1953, he won the Pulitzer Prize for "The Old Man and the Sea"
• In 1953, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his literary achievements in "The Old Man and the Sea" and his life's literary achievements
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > anecdotes</h1>
• Suffered a head injury during a boxing match with Hemingway and his friend and writer Molly Callahan. Hemingway spat blood in Callahan's face and said, "That's what matadors do when they're wounded to show contempt for their opponents."
• According to numerous biographies and references from Hemingway, he was about 6 feet tall and at one point weighed about 260 pounds. He was muscular and muscular, but by the time he reached middle age, he still had a big belly. It has dark brown hair, brown eyes, and at the age of 23 began to have a habit of having a mustache. At the age of 50, he began to grow a gray beard. He had a scar on his forehead that he had gotten drunk in Paris during the last 20 years of his life (it is now believed that he was flushing the toilet in the toilet and accidentally pulled a skylight over his head). He suffered from myopia all his life, but because he was too conceited, he refused to wear glasses until he was 32 years old (but Hemingway is rarely seen wearing glasses in the photo). He enjoys tennis, boxing, fishing and hunting, and hates New York City.
• Although Hemingway did not have a favorable opinion of his hometown of Oak Park, Oak Park had a positive opinion of Hemingway. Oak Park also has a Hemingway Museum today, plus a Hemingway Festival every summer.
Hemingway's cat
Before Hemingway's death, a sailor gave him a multi-toed cat. The cat's descendants have flourished on Hemingway's estate in West Reef, Florida, and from the 1930s to the present day (2007), there are currently 50 of them. The estate was sold in 1964 and is now a private museum, but this change did not affect the cats. However, the USDA recently said that the museum must apply for a license to display animals like a zoo, otherwise the cats will have to be sent away; but the museum cannot meet the license requirements due to the limitations of the objective environment. In December 2006, the U.S. Federal Court dismissed the museum's lawsuit, requiring the museum to negotiate with the Department of Agriculture.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > introduction to the work</h1>
novel
1925年：《春潮》（The Torrents of Spring）
1926: Hong Kong: The Sun Also Rises
1
929: A Farewell to Arms
1937年：《虽有犹无》（To Have and Have Not）
1940: For Whom the Bell Tolls
1950年：《渡河入林》（Across the River and Into the Trees）
1952: The Old Man and the Sea
1970: Islands in the Stream
1985: The Garden of Eden
1999: True At First Light
2005: Under Kilimanjaro
Non-fiction
1932: Death in the Afternoon
1935: Green Hills of Africa
1962年：《Hemingway, The Wild Years》
1964: A Moveable Feast
1967年：《By-Line: Ernest Hemingway》
1970年：《Ernest Hemingway: Cub Reporter》
1981年：《Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917-1961》
1985: The Dangerous Summer
1985: Dateline: Toronto
A collection of short stories
1923: Three Stories and Ten Poems
1925: Cat in the Rain
1925: In Our Time
Men Without Women (1927)
1932: The Snows of Kilimanjaro
1933: Winner Take Nothing
1938: The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories
1972: The Nick Adams Stories
1987: The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway
1995: Everyman's Library: The Collected Stories
It was made into a film
1932: A Farewell to Arms, starring Gary Cooper
1943 For Whom the Bell Tolls, starring Gary Cooper and Ingrid Bergman
1944: To Have and Have Not, starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall
1946: The Killers, starring Burt Lancaster
1952: The Snows of Kilimanjaro, starring Gregory Beck
1957: A Farewell to Arms, starring Rock Hudson
1957: The Sun Also Rises, starring Tyrone Power
1958: The Old Man and the Sea, starring Spencer Qusai
1962: Adventures of a Young Man
1964: The Killers, starring Lee Marvin
1965: For Whom the Bell Tolls
1977: Islands in the Stream, starring George C. Scott
1984: The Sun Also Rises
1990: The Old Man and the Sea, starring Anthony Quinn
1996: In Love and War, starring Chris O'Donnell