Note: Volcanic eruption in Tonga
Thursday, January 20, 2022
In early 2022, the largest volcanic eruption on Earth in 30 years was encountered
Then the earth began to shake violently, which lasted for nearly an hour. The flutter of the ledge makes the amplitude of the window ledge clearly felt. In the evening, there were more violent explosions, but people did not perceive the dust in the air. Thick water vapor condenses in the air. The sun is barely visible, and the sun's faint glow can only occasionally penetrate the obscuration of translucent matter, appearing vaguely.
— Notes of the British inhabitants of Surakarta, East Java
Mount Tambora erupted on April 11, 1815
On the evening of April 11, 1815, the weather on the island of Sumbawa on the island of East Java turned hot, and the loud noise suddenly broke out like artillery fire, shattering the tranquility of sunset, which panicked the local residents who were still worried about the war. After sunset, the gunfire escalated as the British warship Bernales was moored in the port of Makassar, south of Sirius. It carried the army all the way south to try to drive away the pirates, but to no avail.
Five days later, on April 19, the explosion struck again. The explosion was so violent that the houses and ships trembled. The Bernales continued to move forward, trying to find out, only to see that the sky was covered with ashes and pitch black, and it was impossible to see the moon in the sky. The area was completely shrouded in darkness, and the ashes continued to rain down like raindrops for several days, covering villages and towns. It was the largest catastrophic eruption in the history of Mount Tambora in southern Sumbawa.
After three consecutive months of powerful eruptions, the altitude of Mount Tambora has dropped by almost 1300 meters, and the summit has either become volcanic magma and spewed out, or turned into fine volcanic ash into the atmosphere to form smoke clouds. The volcanic wreckage barraged the premises of British residents 65 kilometres away, dimming the sky within a radius of more than 500 kilometres.
Sir Thomas Stanford Rover, Deputy Governor of Java, wrote: "The explosions and volcanic effects affected an area of more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) around it, encompassing the Molucca Islands (formerly known as the Marjan Sea), Java, most of Silibes, Sumatra and Borneo. A fierce whirlwind swept into the wind everything that man, ass, cattle and their power reached. ”
The eruption killed 12,000 people, and 44,000 on the neighboring island of Lombok were killed by starvation caused by the ash landing. The trees floating in the ocean stretch for several kilometers. Gushing magma covered thousands of acres of arable land and poured into the Pacific Ocean. Suspended ashes blocked the surface of the Pacific Ocean, which was up to 6 meters deep within a radius of several square kilometers.
Volcanologists have been able to determine the exact date of more than 5560 eruptions since the most recent ice age. The Tambora eruption was the largest of these, surpassing the 1450 BC eruption of Santorini that could have caused Atlantis to disappear. The Tambora eruption released 100 times more ash than the 1980 St. Helens in Washington State, and more ash than the 1883 Krakatoa eruption. The Krakatoa eruption was the first major volcanic eruption to be systematically studied by scientists, and it was this eruption that was studied to produce volcanic ash that reduced direct sunlight from the world by 15%-20%.
The year 1815 was one of the most serious "summerless years" on human record.
Excerpt from Cambridge University archaeologist and anthropologist Brian Fagan, "The Xiaoice River Period : How Climate Changed History 1300-1850"
2022 is destined to be an extraordinary year, at the beginning of the new year, on January 14, after the eruption of the submarine volcano in the Hong Aha Apai Islands, located 65 kilometers north of the South Pacific island nation of Tonga, on the 15th, the diameter of the volcanic ash was about 5 kilometers and as high as 20 kilometers, the tsunami caused by the submarine volcano in the local area was as high as 15 meters, and the volcanic ash instantly enveloped the sky over the Kingdom of Tonga, and the air was filled with poisonous smoke and the water source was polluted. By January 17, the submarine volcano had undergone a third major eruption. On the lower island of Muang O, houses were all burned down, and only two houses on The island of Fornoy Fua survive, as two Tongans and an English woman are currently killed because of the sparse distribution of people. The earthquake caused by the volcanic eruption broke all the communication cables, and Tonga fell into isolation.
It was the most violent volcanic eruption on Earth in 30 years. Humanity around the globe is enduring the ravages of COVID-19, and the eruption of Tonga's undersea volcano will undoubtedly make it worse. With such a violent volcanic eruption, most people are unaware of the impact on their lives.
At present, there is a strict intensity evaluation level for volcanic eruptions, that is, the volcanic eruption index VEI, which is the weakest at level 0 and the strongest at level 8, and the strongest level of volcanoes observed by humans is VEI7, which is the eruption of Mount Tambora.
The timing of eruptions observed by space satellites saw huge mushroom clouds expand rapidly on the Earth's surface, then burst and drift. Although the specific results have not yet come out, volcano experts estimate that the magnitude of the Tonga submarine volcanic earthquake is equivalent to 1,000 times that of the Atomic Bomb of Hiroshima in Japan.
The submarine volcano of the Hong Aha Apay Islands is only 149 meters above sea level, and the above-ground eruption port has only one eruption mouth similar to a heart-shaped lake, and the ground looks unremarkable, and it is difficult for people to realize that under such a small eruption mouth, there is a "deep-sea beast" hidden under such a small eruption mouth, which will one day open its mouth and violently open its mouth to the sky, swallowing how many people in one mouth.
Whether the 2022 volcanic eruption in Tonga indicates that the earth has entered an active period of volcanic and seismic frequent oscillations remains to be seen, but the data on the increasing number of eruptions of active volcanoes around the world illustrate the fact that volcanic eruptions have intensified, and according to Japanese observations, the eruption points of Mount Fuji have increased by 6.
The eruption of the Tonga volcano, the obscuration of volcanic ash, and the vibration of the meteorological circulation, whether there will be a summerless year in some parts of the earth, people are beginning to worry, volcanologists and meteorologists believe that this fear has some basis. Wei Ke, deputy director of the Monsoon System Research Center of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that whether volcanoes can affect the global climate is not directly related to the duration of volcanic eruptions, economic and human losses, and the size of the sound, mainly related to the amount of sulfates that the volcanic eruptions enter the stratosphere. About 400,000 tons of sulfur dioxide entered the stratosphere from the Tonga eruption, a value that is far from having an impact on the global climate. But the eruption of the Tonga volcano will inevitably shock the global business in 2022.
Volcanoes and earthquakes on the earth prove that the earth still maintains good vitality, but as far as survival is concerned, the fiery passion released by the heart of the earth, fragile human beings still need special attention and vigilance.
Dead leaves of the Western Mountains
The most sacred landscape of the little cold festival is the falling leaves of heaven and earth, and the withering is a solemn symbol of the festival, static and restrained, like the soothing, calm, stagnant cello tone of the symphony. The branches of the trees are like the shaping of the torches that have been burned and solidified, and the rugged and unrelenting bone-strong personalities that have been hidden by flowers and green leaves, and the cold and cold winds force the world of grass and trees to be heroic.
I love the continuous patches of white artemisia on the grassy west mountain, blowing in the west wind, like the chanting of ancient poems born in incantations and prayers. The dead leaves of the mountains will shatter and turn to dust in the omen of the new spring, just as love and memory are obliterated by their eternal brilliance. The yellow and light ash of the mountains was corroded by the rust of the gradually gathering moss and lichen. Golden sunlight and white snow glow are especially holy at this time. They are the brightest colors of the awakening of those who are obscured and hidden, the colors that the souls of life begin to sing.
Walking around a corner of the mountain, there was a dirt ridge to avoid the wind tunnel, but invisibly gathered a pile of fallen leaves just to avoid the roar of the wanton cold wind. In the leaf heap, the body of a vole revealed half of its tail, the dry body had dried out, and the sound of footsteps crushing dead leaves shook the air and the four fields, and it was motionless, obviously lifeless. The sweltering heat of midwinter is like a cover covering the pace of life's running.
After taking a few steps, when I looked back and subconsciously looked at the figure of the vole in the dead leaves, I couldn't see it for a moment. As if hallucinations, is there really vole activity in such a cold mountain? But what I just saw was true?
Fish in the study
It was a cat, and in the midst of a whimsical phenomenon, it wasn't hungry either, it had just eaten some minced meat and chicken bones, and it was satisfied. Before the drowsiness came, it still wanted to wander around. It passed the fish tank, pretended not to squint several times, and turned back. What is the attraction of a planktonic fish to it? All things in the water, there is always a temptation from ancient witchcraft to cats, the confusion that is engraved in the bones to get close to the swimming fish, the code that the wild cat passes on to the domestic cat, a greedy and gluttonous impulse, but between the cat and the fish, what else but this impulse?
The cat crawled on the edge of the fish tank, its eyes fixed on the surface of the water, the amber eyes were deep, the light was far away, the stars were swaying, the cat's whiskers were slightly touched, and all the thoughts of the fish seemed to be under its control. The fish were first frightened by the sudden intrusion into the shadows and dived to the bottom of the water, and then they could not resist the movement and swam carefully. The shadow above his head seemed to be a familiar shadow.
People imagine that the cat will fish its claws to the surface of the water like lightning, the sharp claws deep in the foot pads suddenly stick out, and the fish twists left and right, struggling with all its might, and the more it struggles, the more powerless it becomes. The cat grabbed its dorsal fin in its mouth, turned around and slipped into the shadows.
In fact, the cat has a loving face and does not regard the swimming fish water in front of him as a delicious fish soup as people think. Its eyes were full of pity, and its claws carefully touched the back of the koi on the surface of the water, not like an attack, but more like a caress. The dorsal fin of the koi didn't seem to care much about the harassment of the cat's claws, but instead turned around and flew towards the cat's face with a sparkling kiss. To the cat, see the golden red fish swimming towards themselves, claws like springs raised. The half-opened overwhelmed lips and the frightened eyes were very funny, obviously, as if protesting, and my sensitive nerves could not hide such intimate movements. Cats like to be quiet, and fish like to be at ease. At this time, the silence of the cat is more profound, and the diving movement of the fish is more leisurely.
Should be and farm time, small cold pruning branches
The peach orchard has a plastic shed with bamboo tied and woven into a frame, which is where people live in the shed when the peaches need to be guarded before the peaches are ripe in the summer. The brother of a distant relative is pruning a peach tree in the middle of a tree. I walked down the hill, covered in sweat, and greeted him.
The cold wind and snow seem to be a clear sign of mid-winter, but the trees have crossed the limit of the long night after the winter solstice, and they already need to breathe life for the vitality of the second year. The so-called breathing of a peach tree in silence in winter is to prune the branches of the complex side, the moisture of the deep underground needs to awaken the vitality of sleep, awakening is breathing, after the gap of branch pruning, the water vapor and nutrients begin to accumulate slowly throughout the body.
For a moment, I did not think about how life should be free and rich (it was when I wrote these words that some subconscious in my heart began to awaken), nor did I want to constantly prune my life so that the pursuit of the value of life would not be wasted into unnecessary consumption. But at that time, the cousin's pruning action, aiming at the eyes of the branches, silently counting the rhythm of the buds on the branches, let time begin to loosen, if you trace along the river of time, tracing the people who have lived in the storm and rain on this mountain for thousands of years, there will be Lao Tzu, Confucius, and the loess under his feet solidified and sintered, a history of civilization evolution has undergone bloody rain and wind pruning, and the words printed on people's hearts are reflected from the mirror of the winter peach forest on the vast mountains, as if they are damaged, and as if they are not extinguished...
Goku and the Wind God
"Shan Hai Jing , Beishan Jing": "The mountain of prison law has beasts, its shape is like a dog's face, good at throwing, laughing when it sees people, and its army of famous mountains, its deeds are like the wind, and when it is seen, it is the wind in the world." ”
The Cyclops in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is called The Windproof and is the Monster of the Storm.
Hanuman the monkey of the Hindu epic Ramayana, the son of the god of the wind, records his appearance in the poem:
The wind god can blow the peaks,
He was a friend of the fire,
His power is immeasurable,
He can walk in the sky. (Translated by Ji Xianlin, People's Literature Publishing House, 1982 edition)
Sun Wukong was born when the divine wind blew through the stone egg.
The "Yu" (macaque) of the Shan Hai Jing and Xi Shan Jing is the animal incarnation of the father of the Kwa.
Behind the identity of the monkey in these myths, there is the shadow of the wind, the wind is free, the wind is also the original, and the wind is more comfortable. The human spirit is free from the shackles of animal nature, that is, from the omnipresent free will, it feels the determination to control its own destiny.
The heart of the child of the wind in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" is endless and penetrates into the bones of every China.
Xu Zhuoyun's History of the Western Zhou Dynasty
What does the Book of Verses lay down? The Book of Poetry laid the foundation for the elegant tradition of Chinese poetry.
Of course, the importance of Feng Ya Song does not stop there.
The so-called elegance is the Western Zhou dynasty that Confucius praised and longed for. Before China truly became a unified country from the Qin and Han dynasties, hundreds of sub-fiefed princely states had their own ambitions, but the spiritual empathy had already taken shape. The elegance of the Western Zhou nobility is like a harmony that gathers the whole country, and the will of a cultural aggregation is precipitated and refined from this elegant song, forming a beautiful and delicate and sensitive symphony.
In the sense of cultural history, Xu Zhuoyun believes that the strong vitality of Chinese culture for thousands of years is like a tree rooted in the soil, and it is the source of the spiritual core of the Chinese nation's resistance to the change of dynasties and the disintegration of foreign invasions.
Therefore, do not underestimate the tradition of the Western Zhou Dynasty from the "Book of Poetry" Wind Ya Song, the Chinese small people's voice, the noble voice, the prince's voice, because the aggregation of this wind and song is all in the same frequency band, and moreover, the people are the first, the country is the first, and the king is the queen, which is also the ancient precepts established in the order of the "Book of Poetry" Wind and Ya Song, and the precursor of China's "people's original" thinking.
Stills from Blade Runner (1982), harrison Ford is in his prime
Watching the first version of "Blade Runner" in 1982, it suddenly dawned on me that it was no wonder that there were many places in "The Matrix" and "Ghost in the Shell" that paid tribute to this movie. It turned out that the Wachowski brothers and Oshii Mori were both students of Ridley Scott. This experimental film, which condenses the conflict between Western multiculturalism and deepens, transcends the boundaries of many modern people's imaginations, such as thinking about people and replicants, thinking about human nature, thinking about love, thinking about religion, thinking about intelligence and human destiny, taking the form of a concise stage play, but interpreting the vastness and far-reaching of the big movie. It's Ridley Scott's talent.
The dark style and free mind of Western cinema reached a peak in Blade Runner. With such a profound and vast influence on the history of cinema, cinema naturally has the characteristics of metaphor.
The Matrix explores the dilemma of the world of people and the world of the Internet intertwining and redeeming each other. Ghost in the Shell explores how the torrent of unlimited network data forms its own autonomy through the subconscious mind and gives birth to super-life forms. The trigger points of all these thoughts are closely related to the pursuit of the rebel replicants triggered by the people triggered in Blade Runner.