Intelligent networked vehicle is the organic combination of the Internet of Vehicles and intelligent vehicles, that is, through the use of advanced sensors, controllers and actuators and other devices, the use of 5G, artificial intelligence and other new technologies, to achieve the car and people, roads, clouds and other information sharing and exchange, with automatic driving functions, and gradually become a new generation of intelligent mobile space and application terminals. In the great changes in the automotive industry, intelligent and connected vehicles with the three characteristics of electrification, intelligence and networking conform to the trend of industry change, and have become one of the emerging industries supported by the state and the key direction of various OEMs.
1. Development background
In recent years, in order to further implement the mainland's transformation strategy from an automobile power to an automobile power, and seize the major opportunity of the integration and development of a new generation of information and communication technology and the automobile industry, the national and local governments have successively issued a series of policies to guide the development of the automobile industry in the direction of electrification, intelligence and networking. At present, the mainland has formed a multi-level and wide-ranging industrial development strategy including top-level industrial development planning, laws and regulations, road tests, commercial applications, etc., and has established four national-level vehicle networking pilot zones in Changsha, Wuxi, Tianjin (Xiqing) and Chongqing (Liangjiang New Area) to create a good policy environment for intelligent networked vehicles.
(Figure 1: Example of Mainland Intelligent Connected Vehicle Industry Development Policy)
2. Technical route: vehicle-road coordination
The technical route adopted by the mainland intelligent networked vehicle is vehicle-road collaboration, which connects "smart cars" and "smart roads" based on various technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, edge computing, and 5G. "Smart car" refers to autonomous vehicles equipped with various types of intelligent software and hardware equipment; "smart road" refers to assisting autonomous vehicles with environmental awareness and instant communication with the assistance of various roadside facilities. The key to the realization of vehicle-road collaboration lies in the real-time data interconnection of people, vehicles, roads and clouds.
People: With the assistance of software and hardware facilities such as OBU, sensors, high-precision maps and positioning systems of the vehicle terminal, the driver can more accurately and efficiently judge the driving and traffic conditions of the vehicle. At the same time, the intelligent cockpit and in-car entertainment software system make the interaction between the driver and the vehicle more intelligent and real-time.
Vehicle: The vehicle perceives the driving environment through the on-board hardware, which is the first link in the landing of intelligent networked vehicles. All kinds of on-board hardware include cameras, ultrasonic radar, lidar and millimeter wave radar. Radar and cameras capture and receive information such as videos, pictures, and electromagnetic waves related to vehicle driving, and superimpose the control and execution hardware system to determine the real-time situation of road traffic and assist in the realization of automatic driving.
Road: Hardware such as RSU, roadside communication unit RSU, roadside perception facilities such as cameras and radar, and computing and control facilities constitute the "smart road" infrastructure. Under the cooperation of various hardware, the ideal "smart road" can integrate environmental awareness, real-time communication, planning decision-making, automatic repair and other functions in one, through real-time collection of vehicle driving and road traffic data, to achieve dynamic data interaction, so as to assist driving decisions.
Cloud: The cloud control platform is the "invisible brain" that guides the orderly operation of intelligent networked vehicles, and the information interaction between people, vehicles and roads is inseparable from the assistance of the cloud control platform. The sensor collects the vehicle and road condition information while uploading it to the cloud, and then completes the information interaction and decision analysis with the help of the cloud control platform cloud computing and edge computing functions, and then transmits the driving decision back to the vehicle.
3. Industrial ecology
The intelligent networked vehicle industry ecology can be divided into basic layer, transmission layer and application layer.
Base layer. The basic layer includes all kinds of on-board and roadside hardware and software equipment and vehicle assembly manufacturing. Chips, sensors, high-precision maps, wire-controlled chassis, intelligent cockpit configuration and software systems are combined with the vehicle, so that the vehicle can autonomously complete driving functions such as positioning, perception, decision-making planning and steering control, which is the basis for realizing vehicle intelligence and networking.
Transport layer. The real-time integration and interactive processing of vehicle driving and roadside traffic information by the transport layer is the key to guiding vehicle-road coordination. The mainstream technologies of the transport layer include the dedicated short-range communication technologies DSRC and C-V2X, of which C-V2X can cross the communication distance barrier to a large extent and has become the primary communication technology for the mainland.
Application layer. The application scenarios of intelligent networked vehicles are mainly divided into two categories: manned and loaded. Commercial intelligent networked vehicles for the carrier class have been partially commercialized in scenarios such as warehousing, terminal logistics, sanitation, mining areas, ports and terminals, while intelligent networked vehicles carrying human passenger vehicles are affected by laws and regulations and related technologies, and the landing is difficult and the scope of application is limited.
(Figure 2: Intelligent and connected vehicle industry ecology)
4. Prospect of industrial development
The vehicle-road collaboration infrastructure continues to improve, and the penetration rate of intelligent and connected vehicles has accelerated
In recent years, the mainland has continued to accelerate the construction of road infrastructure, strengthen the application of vehicle-road collaborative scenarios, and promote the shift of intelligent networked vehicles from testing and verification to multi-scenario demonstration applications. Local governments have also actively promoted the integration of production, learning and research, aiming to break through the key technologies of autonomous driving card neck, promote traffic data sharing and mutual recognition of road test results. The Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Hunan City Circle and Sichuan City Circle have all opened up the exploration of the joint construction of the intelligent and connected vehicle industry, providing a good testing and demonstration environment and conditions for industrial development. It is estimated that by 2025, the penetration rate of some autonomous driving and conditional autonomous driving level intelligent networked vehicles will exceed 50%, and highly automated intelligent networked vehicles will achieve commercial application in limited areas and specific scenarios.
The trend of cross-border integration of industries is obvious, and the construction of a network ecology is carried out
Different from traditional industries, intelligent networked vehicles have the characteristics of natural "cross-border integration". The trend of cooperation between automobiles and energy, transportation, information and communications, finance and insurance and other industries is becoming more and more obvious, and the intertwined network industry ecology between industries is taking shape. Especially in urban transportation scenarios, intelligent networked vehicles have become the key to the construction of smart cities. Mainland China has established 16 pilot cities for the coordinated development of smart city infrastructure and intelligent connected vehicles, providing lessons for intelligent and connected vehicles to fully empower urban transportation construction.
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