Author: Hao Zaijin Source: "Loyal Soul in Light and Shadow"
In the winter of 1947, in Liuwanggou, Linxian County, Shanxi, Li Kenong took a group photo with Luo Qingchang (left), then director of the first room of the Central Social Department (left), and Du Changtian, director of the third room (right), who returned from the Shaanxi Jiaojiao front to report on his work
People who know the history of the CCP know that there is such a group of cadres in the CCP, most of whom participated in the revolution in the early stages of the War of Resistance Against Japan around 1938, and most of whom were intellectuals. The first batch of cadres from 1921 to 1923 was the founding cadres, the second group was the cadres of the Great Revolution during the period of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation from 1924 to 1927, the third group was the red army cadres of the "April 12 Incident" in 1927 to the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, and the fourth batch of anti-Japanese cadres, the most famous title was "38 style".
The name "38th Style" is indeed related to the War of Resistance Against Japan. The Japanese had a rifle that was capable of shooting through eight buckets of water. The soldiers of the Eighth Route Army loved this trophy so much that they called it the "Three-Eight Great Cover" in the year of meiji 38. The Type 38 rifle is powerful, and the Type 38 cadres are even more powerful. Although the quality of the cadres of the founding of the Party and the cadres of the Great Revolution is high, the number is small; the class position of the Cadres of the Red Army is firm, but the level of education is low; and the cadres of the 38th Type are large in number and high in culture, which precisely makes up for the shortcomings of the former two. In 1938, he joined the revolution in his twenties, and in 1949, when he was in his thirties after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the three-eight type and the two forces of the Red Army were closely coordinated, and they were called the backbone of China's revolution and construction.
The secret front also has the "38th type"!
In 1938, the Kuomintang upgraded the secret service organization from "office" to "bureau". In this way, there are huge "Military Command Bureaus" and "Central Command Bureaus."
On the side of the Communist Party, the establishment of the "Central Social Department" did not take place until the beginning of 1939. However, the Communist Party did not spare this important year of 1938, and the Communist Party's approach was to grasp talent first.
The Chinese News Agency has grasped this move more realistically. It is important to know that institutions are made up of people.
Zhou Enlai first began to transfer personnel, and transferred ten senior cadres and thirty middle-ranking cadres from the whole party, Pan Hannian, Liu Shaowen, Du Liqing (Xu Jianguo), Wu Defeng, Luo Ruiqing, Li Kenong, Kong Yuan, Zou Dapeng, Wu Shuzhi, Ouyang Yi, and other veteran intelligence defense cadres to the working committee of the enemy area. In December 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China re-established the "Central Special Working Committee", and Zhou Enlai continued to serve as its director. This organ in charge of intelligence and security work was called the "Enemy Zone Work Committee" to the outside world, and the cadres transferred here later became the main leaders of the hidden front of the party, government, and army.
The working committees of the enemy areas have been established, and the most important problem is the lack of cadres. Yan'an has the Marxist-Leninist Academy, the Military and Political University, and the Central Party School, but there is no intelligence protection university. To train intelligence protection cadres, we must also rely on running classes. When He founded Teco, Zhou Enlai held a class in Shanghai in the spring of 1928 and personally trained trainees for more than 20 days. The Central Soviet District created the State Protection Bureau, and the cadres also came from training courses. At the beginning of the reorganization of the Northwest Protection Bureau, Director Zhou Xing also hosted a training course.
In February 1938, the first training course of the Central Enemy District Working Committee was opened in Yan'an. Wang Jinxiang, Li Shiying, Zhu Shihua, Xiao Guichang, Wang Zuochao, Long Youming, Peng Fancheng, Zhang Zhen, Huang Chibo, Li Sharu, Zong Tao, and 12 other trainees attended, and Mao Cheng observed. Most of these trainees were veteran security cadres; Li Shiying belonged to the Special Branch Red Brigade; Wang Jinxiang, Wang Zuochao, Huang Chibo, Li Sharu, Liu Huishan, and others belonged to the Political Protection Bureau of the Red Army; and Mao Cheng had just returned from training in the Soviet Union. After graduating, the trainees all became leading cadres of the CPC security system, with Wang Jinxiang as director of the second office of the Central Social Department and Wang Zuochao as the director of the Yan'an City Public Security Bureau.
The second phase focuses on cultivating new talents. The class teacher was Bai Dongcai, a cadre from northern Shaanxi who was transferred from the Northwest Bureau; Luo Qingchang, a young Red Army officer, concurrently served as the secretary of the branch; and 14 trainees, including Song Zhiyuan (Fu Wenchen), Li Cai (Zhang Youheng), Lin Yi, Wu Cheng, Li Zhenyuan, and Zhou Meiying, as well as Wu Lie, Xiao Qian, and Liu Huqian, attended the hearing. Many of the trainees in this period were secret party members of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League, and they had also studied in the Soviet Union, which was particularly suitable for lurking behind enemy lines.
This training lasts a little longer, starting in July and graduating in October. The two were assigned to the Central Transportation Bureau, with Song Zhiyuan in charge of the international communication line between the CPC Central Committee and the Soviet Union, and Wu Cheng managing the secret communication line from Yan'an to Xi'an to Chongqing. Li Zhenyuan, Zhou Meiying, Li Cai, and others often went behind enemy lines to carry out major missions, from North China to Northeast China to Shanghai, like a lone hero. Female cadre Lin Yi led a team to the forward headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Shanxi, participated in the creation of the former General Intelligence Department, and personally went to the north to arrange the lurking work on an equal footing. The five observers were security cadres who remained in the Central Guard Force after graduation.
Luo Qingchang, a native of Cangxi, Sichuan, joined the Communist Youth League in his hometown in 1932 and later joined the Red 30th Army. During the Long March, Luo Qingchang, who had a one-year junior high school education, was transferred to the political department to engage in liaison work. The Second and Fourth Fronts met and went to the headquarters of the Red Army as a youth officer, and the superior leader was Wu Defeng. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, Luo Qingchang followed Wu Defeng to work in the Northeast Army Work Committee, graduated from the Central Party School in July 1938, immediately entered the intelligence training class, and entered the intelligence system after graduation. Later, Luo Qingchang was transferred back to the headquarters of the Yan'an Central Social Security Department.
Luo Qingchang is knowledgeable and strong, and when translating telegrams, he can translate directly without reading the book, and often controls the confidential radio station. Luo Qingchang was good at sorting out intelligence, and the report on the Three Youth Leagues was appreciated by Mao Zedong. Luo Qingchang was still a well-known living archive; when the Former Committee of the CPC Central Committee was transferred to northern Shaanxi, Luo Qingchang, director of the First Office of the Central Social Affairs Department, accompanied him, provided Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with information on the mobilization of Kuomintang troops every day, knew the Kuomintang officers at and above the division level, and had a good understanding of the intelligence deployment of various systems of the CPC.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luo Qingchang concurrently served as deputy director of Premier Zhou Enlai's office and deputy secretary general of the State Council, and participated in many important tasks such as Li Zongren's return to China and Liu Shaoqi's visit to Cambodia. After the young Luo Qingchang entered the school, he climbed up one step at a time, from secretary to section chief, from room director to secretary general, all the way to the head of the Central Investigation Department. The last cadre Zhou Enlai summoned before his death was Luo Qingchang.
The third phase was held in 1938, and the graduation coincided with the establishment of the Central Social Affairs Department. Some of the trainees in this period sacrificed, some defected, some died of illness, and some were killed in the "Cultural Revolution", and only Wang Yantang (formerly known as Jin Jintang) was alive during the author's interview.
Wang Yantang joined the party at the age of 15, ran to Yan'an without organizational relations, joined the party again at the Northern Shaanxi Public School, followed by the Central Party School and the Marxist-Leninist College, and within a few months, he was selected to be transferred to the training class of the Central Social Security Department, and after graduation, he was transferred to the Secretarial Department of the Central Social Security Department. At first, it was just to send and receive documents, classify and sort them; then they sorted out the information and wrote the bulletin; and then they investigated and analyzed and studied the information. Under the guidance of the superior leaders hand in hand, Wang Yantang also wrote an article exposing the Kuomintang's "special intelligence assault campaign," which was published in the magazine "Communists" under the pseudonym "Ah Huang." Wang Yantang, who handled a large number of documents, gradually became an expert in the study of the Kuomintang secret service system, and was jokingly called "the chief of the counter-revolutionary section" in the circle.
The students of the fourth training class include Zhang Yaoci, Qu Rixin, Xia Yin and others. Chen Long, from the Northeast Anti-Japanese Democratic Coalition Army, served as the director of the third office of the Central Social Affairs Department after graduation, and became a famous reconnaissance expert in Yan'an. Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate, and the Central Social Affairs Department sent Chen Long, who could shoot with both hands and know how to defend, as a guard. During the Liberation War, Chen Long served as deputy director of the Social Department of the Northeast Bureau and vice minister of the Northeast Public Security Department; at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was urgently transferred to Beijing as the director of the First Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, and later served as vice minister, and put forward an important guideline for China's reconnaissance work: internal reconnaissance.
Wang Dongxing, an important leading cadre in the defense work, did not engage in the defense work very early and was a student of the eighth term. Wang Dongxing was a native of Yiyang, Jiangxi, and joined the Red Army unit led by Fang Zhimin in his hometown. During the Long March, he served as an instructor of the three companies in the Red Army cadre regiment, and commanded the forced crossing of the Jinsha River, which was valued by Zhou Xing, the commissioner of the cadre regiment. Wang Dongxing, who was the political commissar of the Central Hospital in Yan'an, hoped to engage in security work, so Tan Zhengwen introduced him to the Central Social Security Department to study, and after graduation, he worked in the second room in charge of security. When Hu Zongnan attacked Yan'an, Wang Dongxing, director of the Second Office of the Central Social Security Department, was ordered to follow the march of the Former Central Committee, and from then on he was directly responsible for Mao Zedong's guards, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as director of the Central Guard Bureau and director of the General Office of the Central Committee, and did his best to protect Mao Zedong's safety.
Ling Yun enrolled in 1941 and later stayed in the second room of the Central Social Security Department. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ling Yun worked in the Political Protection Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, successively serving as the director of the bureau and vice minister of public security, and was in charge of counter-espionage work for a long time, and solved many espionage cases. During the Cultural Revolution, Ling Yun, who was secretly connected by mobile phones, was jealous of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing and was imprisoned in the Ministry of Public Security. After the Cultural Revolution, Ling Yun resumed his heavy responsibilities and served as the director of the office of the Trial Steering Committee for the Cases of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counterrevolutionary Group. When the intelligence system was adjusted, ling yun, a counterintelligence expert, was appointed as the first minister of state security.
The military system is also running shifts.
The first phase of the Espionage Training Course of the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission was opened in August 1938, which was roughly the same as the second phase of the Central Theater Committee. Ma Wenbo served as the captain and instructor, Chen Fuchu served as the secretary of the branch, and there were 23 trainees, including Zhang Ting and Jiang Tao. Zeng Xisheng, director of the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission, presided over the compilation of the tutorial "Espionage Service", and Mao Zedong's inscription reads: "Know yourself and know the other, win every battle." ”
The courses of the military class are quite military, including spy service, troop reconnaissance, radio communications, blasting technology, equestrianism, photography technology, etc., as well as Japanese language courses. After graduation, the cadets were assigned to the Central Military Commission, the Forward Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, and the Jinsui Military Region, and became the backbone of the establishment of military intelligence agencies. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen Fuchu, Zhang Ting, and Ma Wenbo were in the General Staff Department, and Jiang Tao served as director of the Intelligence Research Institute of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission.
The Local Training Courses in the Northwest Bureau were the largest.
In June 1938, the Security Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held the first training course for intelligence and reconnaissance cadres in Qilipu, outside Yan'an. Then, seven consecutive sessions were held to train a large number of intelligence and reconnaissance cadres. As a result, people jokingly called Qilipu a Whampoa Military Academy that trained Communist Intelligence Guards. Calling Qilipu "Whampoa" may be a big breath. The training course run by the intelligence and defense department of the CPC is not a seven-mile shop, but a zaoyuan training class of the Central Social Affairs Department and a thirty-mile shop training class of the border protection department next to it.
Although this "Huangpu Phase I" is a joke, it also has some truth - out of the cadres! In 1992, the Ministry of State Security organized a gathering, attended by 16 senior cadres who were still alive in the first phase of Qilipu: Li Qiming, former executive secretary of the Yunnan Provincial CPC Committee, Zou Yu, former minister of justice, Ai Ding, former director of the Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Qiao Cangsong, former president of the Shaanxi Higher People's Court, Lü Huang, former secretary general of the All-China Women's Federation, Jiang Peng, former director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Xie Heng, former adviser to the Ministry of Public Security, Fang Zhaoyi, former president of the Hubei Higher People's Procuratorate, Liu Feng, former director of the Tianjin Municipal Investigation Bureau, and Liu Ping, former director of the Third Department of the General Staff. Yang Huanglin, former director of the Ministry of Light Industry, Wang Wen, former deputy director of the Xi'an Municipal Public Security Bureau, writers Ke Lan, Deng Tao, Yan Jiahua, Wang Qi...
In the border areas at that time, there was a large gap in intelligence and defense cadres, and a gap in educated cadres was even greater. Although they are all intelligence reconnaissance training courses, the trainees of Qilipu are all intellectual cadres, and the Thirty Lipu are all local cadres in northern Shaanxi. These intellectual cadres were reused as soon as they graduated, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, they were scattered all over the country, and most of them became cadres at the departmental and bureau levels, at the provincial and ministerial levels, and the reputation of these seven lipu became greater.
The first class, which began in June 1938, consisted of 36 foreign students, who ate, lived, studied, and worked together in the caves, twenty-four hours a day. The trainees were told not to contact the outside world, not to inquire about each other's origins, not to reveal their identities...
The leaders of this first training course are Bru, chief of the border security reconnaissance section; Wang Fan, secretary of the branch; and Zhao Junshi, the head of the squad, are all veteran revolutionaries who have been engaged in underground work in the white areas for a long time; the small squad leaders and party group leaders are mostly workers and peasant cadres in the Red Army era, including Li Qiming and others. The trainees were all young people around the age of twenty who joined the party before and after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Pu Qunying's father was the king of ham in Yunnan, Lü Huang was from a Sichuan school, and Xie Heng was an exiled student in northeast China... One is more than a family member, and one is more educated than the other.
The lecturers are all famous! Chen Yun, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, taught that the Communist Party has not been destroyed by a powerful enemy, and this is the belief that communism will win. Li Fuchun, Kong Yuan, Xu Teli, Gao Zili, Deng Jie, and others have all engaged in underground work in the White Zone, and some have been arrested and tested by torture. The trainees listened reverently, did not have a deep understanding of the party when they came, and through study they all had firm convictions and were determined never to betray the party.
There is no teaching material in the training course, but the explanations combined with examples are quite practical. Kang Sheng, director of the Central Social Security Department, gave a lecture on the anti-Trotskyist struggle within the revolutionary camp; Pan Hannian, deputy director of the Central Social Affairs Department, introduced the Japanese intelligence agencies; Li Kenong explained the different ways of carrying out secret work under both illegal and legal conditions; and Liu Ding demonstrated the skills of disguise.
Also hosting the wedding on the same day as Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin were Zhuo Lin's colleagues Kong Yuan and Kong Ming of the Central Social Affairs Department. The picture shows Deng Xiaoping, Zhuo Lin, Kong Yuan and Xu Ming, two new couples taking a group photo.
"Huangpu Phase I" is also famous because there are eight female trainees.
Yan'an was originally a remote town, and the arrival of a large number of revolutionary cadres quickly changed the population composition, and the ratio of men to women was seriously imbalanced: 18:1! There are many women among the new intellectual youth, but people may not look up to the old cadres. There is a popular passage in Yan'an: There is a female intellectual youth who falls in love with an old cadre, walks at night, and the young woman says: Tonight's moon is really beautiful. The old cadre said: What is good to look at? Copper washbasin! It is said that Xue Ming, Li Ning, and other female students of the Central Party School once agreed not to marry old cadres! However, Xue Ming was later chased by the old cadre He Long.
Deng Xiaoping also had a mate selection problem! The first wife died in the struggle in the white zone, and the second wife divorced in the Sioux zone. Deng Xiaoping, who is currently deputy director of the General Political Department of the Eighth Route Army, had no wife, or his old comrade-in-arms Deng Fa helped. The eight girls in the training class of the Security Department are all politically reliable and of good character!
Deng Xiaoping was familiar with the security system, and in 1928 he shared a room with Zhou Enlai in Shanghai, formulated the CCP's earliest secrecy rules, and was saved by Teko. During the Long March, the march was arduous, and a horse could sometimes determine the survival of a cadre. Deng Xiaoping, who was reorganized because he was a "Maoist leader," served as an inspector in the General Political Department, and his mount fell to his death and could not be replenished, so he relied entirely on foot, and his feet were swollen. Mao Zedong, who had always been secretly concerned about Deng Xiaoping, saw this and quietly arranged Xiao Chi, a commissioner of the Central Column, to find a good horse for Deng Xiaoping. Of course, Zhou Xing was eager to help, and accompanied Deng Xiaoping to quietly watch twice, and Deng Xiaoping fell in love with Pu Qiongying.
Pu Qiongying's father was the ham king of Yunnan, and the three sisters came to Yan'an together and worked in the security department. Luo Shaohua, the husband of her sister Pu Shiying, is The connector who Qin Ping came to Yan'an to work, and the two are quite familiar. Luo Shaohua told Qin Ping that Pu Qiongying had no love object. Qin Ping quickly reported to Zhou Xing. Within a few days, Deng Xiaoping came again. Soon after, Zhou Xing talked to Pu Qiongying and transferred Her to work in the Central Social Department.
The organization introduced Pu Qunying to Deng Xiaoping, and at first Pu Qiongying was not happy. In the first class, Pu Qiongying, Lü Huang, and Deng Tao were three girls who were particularly good, and they were criticized by the leaders for engaging in small groups. Lü Huang knew that by mobilizing Pu Qiongying and Deng Xiaoping to fall in love, the organization exerted pressure!
This Pu Qunying is Zhuo Lin. For this marriage, Zhuo Lin mentioned in an article recalling Zhou Xing: "As a recruit on the public security front, we only know the top leader of the department and do not know him. I remember that one day, Comrade Zhou Xing talked to me. I went in after the report and met for the first time with a leader who has long looked up to fame. At a glance in the cave, simple office appliances, simple clothing, everything is the familiar and ordinary style of Yan'an. Comrade Zhou Xing asked me about my situation and told me that he would transfer me to work in the security department. The conversation was concise, clear and cordial. This was the first time I knew Comrade Zhou Xing, and at that time, I did not know that his conversation and his transfer of me would have such a great impact on my future life. After arriving at the security department of the Party Central Committee, I got to know Comrade Xiaoping and finally formed a lifelong partnership with him. It can be said that among the many people who are enthusiastic about Comrade Xiaoping, Comrade Zhou Xing is also an activist. ”
After Zhuo Lin and Deng Xiaoping made love, they also invited a guest in Yan'an City, attended by Zhuo Lin's training class classmates and checkpoint colleagues, and the dinner place was a small restaurant in the New Market, and the main dish was called "Three No Sticks"! This "three non-stick" is purely shaanxi local flavor, the flour, lard, eggs, sugar together, eat sweet and soft and creamy, neither dipped in the bowl nor dipped chopsticks nor stained teeth, commonly known as "three do not stick"!
Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin's wedding was held at the woman's work station, and the couple kong Yuan and Xu Ming who co-hosted the wedding were zhuo Lin's colleagues in the Central Social Affairs Department.
Zhuo Lin's luck was good. Deng Xiaoping, an old cadre, not only had a very old revolutionary experience, but was also an intellectual who had stayed abroad. Deng Xiaoping's vision was very accurate. Zhuo Lin accompanied Deng Xiaoping throughout his life. His daughter, Mao Mao, wrote that Deng Xiaoping's magic weapon to escape the onslaught of the Cultural Revolution was to be with his family.
The girls in the training class of the Security Department are outstanding, not only Deng Xiaoping came here to choose a mate, writers Liu Baiyu and Zhou Libo, and security cadres Wang Jinxiang and Tan Zhengwen all found lifelong partners from them.
This kind of marriage, introduced by the organization, seems to interfere with individual freedom. But at that time, this situation was quite common. Working in the white area, there is a saying of "living organs". In order to cover their identities, male and female underground Communist Party members, arranged by the organization, pretend to live together as husband and wife. Over time, fake couples often become real couples, but when work needs to be separated, real couples have to be separated. Some cadres stayed celibate for four years, and only after the reunion in Yan'an did they truly combine. At that time, there were no legal formalities for this union and separation, and there was no such thing as marriage and divorce. The old cadres in the White Area of the Cultural Revolution struggle said that this one had three wives and the other had five wives, but in fact they were all "living organs" and did not like the new and dislike the old. The marriage of cadres in the red zone is also difficult to be completely decided by themselves. After Li De, a military adviser sent by the Comintern to the Chinese Communists, arrived in the Soviet zone, he did not have a husband and wife life, chased women everywhere, and organizationally arranged a wife for him. In the war years, life and death came first, and love and marriage must be obeyed.
In fact, the future of the organization and arrangement of marriages is not necessarily bad. Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin lived a happy life. The marriage between Mao Zedong and Jiang Qing was a personal choice, and did not accept the opinions of the security department, but on the contrary, it created a great misfortune for Mao Zedong in his later years.
The second phase of Qilipu began in February 1939 and closed in November. The trainees in this period included Wang Lin, Hou Liang, Yan Fu, Du Dinghua, Yang Gang, Yi Li, Zhang Jiping, Xue Guang, Qiao Zhuang, Hao Su, and more than twenty others.
The students in this period were all boys, and they came up to learn Japanese for a month. According to the plan, all these people will be sent to the Japanese occupation area after graduation. Spies sent to the enemy's rear must have local social relations as a cover, so that the "high" birth has become a favorable condition. This also shows why the social relations of the first batch of students are also more complicated. Trainees who have been vetted will still have problems. Soon after the school started, a man surnamed Ma ran away. Later, another Purple Army was co-opted by Kuomintang agents.
Zhao Cangbi, the plainclothes captain of the Security Department, was transferred to serve as the class teacher of the second training class of Qilipu. The second phase of the course is more professional, and Wu Gaizhi, the minister of protection of the Eighth Route Army who has long worked behind enemy lines, teaches how to write secretly. Zeng Xisheng, an expert in code cracking, teaches intelligence analysis, and the use of passwords has "bitwise method" and "leakage method". Liu Ding, who studied in Germany and France, taught the technology of sending and receiving newspapers, and even poisoning, detoxification, anti-poisoning, and detoxification!
The most interesting thing is the internship, a trainee in the Seven Mile Shop intern spy report, a disguised vegetable vendor, and the student in the Thirty Mile Shop interns to catch secret agents, and this person is not like that at first glance. Therefore, the Thirty Mile Shop practitioners arrested the Seven Mile Shop students, and it was not until the higher-level security organs that they found out that they were all their own people.
The trainees in this period also produced many cadres. Wang Lin served as Mao Zedong's administrative secretary and later director of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau in Yan'an, Hou Lianghou as director of the Xinjiang Public Security Department and president of the China University of Political Science and Law, Du Dinghua later as deputy director of the Xinjiang Public Security Department and deputy head of the discipline inspection team of the Xinhua News Agency, Yan Fu and Zhang Jiping as directors of the Ministry of State Security, Yang Gang as director of the Sichuan Public Security Department, Yi Li later as director of the Shaanxi Public Security Department, Xue Guang as director of the Xinjiang Public Security Department, Qiao Zhuang as the director of the Yunnan Public Security Department, and Hao Su as president of the Military Court of Chinese the people's liberation army and director of the Security Department of the General Political Department.
At that time, the cadets did not think of the heavy posts of high-ranking officials later, and when they entered the school, they made a vow to become revolutionary intelligence guards and dedicate their lives to the party.
Mao Peichun, a trainee in the first phase, left the training class of the Communist Party and entered the training class of the Kuomintang. Mao Peichun entered the Lanzhou training class of the military command under a pseudonym, and was also sent by the military command to reconnoiter the Communist Party, becoming a double agent who penetrated into the enemy's interior.
Hao Su, a student of the second phase, disappeared before he graduated. It turned out that Hao Su and Xue Keming were riding a horse to the distant Longdong, Where Xue Keming became the secretary of the Security Section, and Hao Su was ordered to be a secret officer and sneaked to Xifeng Town in the Guotong District.
After graduating from the third phase, Huang Bin was assigned to the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission to learn radio transceiver and code-breaking techniques, and has since embarked on secret secret work.
Originally designed to supplement local cadres, the Thirty Mile Shop training course was assigned to work in the security sections of each county after graduation. The cadets of Qilipu were originally planned to be sent to the enemy areas, but later the situation changed, and most of them stayed in the border guards. In the second phase, Iri became the secretary of the Security Department. Hou Bo, Song Ning and other students were too young and were sent to Yan'an Middle School to study. After graduating from middle school, Hou Bo worked as a security department sender and receiver, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a photographer in Zhongnanhai, taking a large number of photos of CCP leaders.
Whether it is the Central Social Affairs Department or the Security Department, the trainees in these training courses are often higher than their superiors, and many are promoted faster than the old cadres. The most rapidly promoted foreign intellectual was Zou Youyu (Zou Yu), a Guangxi student who was eighteen years old when he was the secretary section chief of the security department. Hao Su was also a foreign intellectual, and when he participated in the Qilipu training class in February 1939, Chen Changfeng, a Cadre of the Long March Red Army, was already an instructor in the police force. Seven years later, Hao Su was the director of the Yan'an Municipal Public Security Bureau, and Chen Changfeng was still a police station chief.
The Kuomintang's secret service organs are quite fiercely tilted internally. Within the military command, Chiang Kai-shek's compatriots, Zhejiang, were reused, and among the Zhejiang people, Dai Kasa's closest confidant was the "Jiangshan Faction" of xiao tongxiang. This kind of secret service organization, which is based on personal relationships, is very solid because of its high intimacy, but it falls apart when it encounters personnel turnover. After Dai Kasa's death, a possible successor immediately began a fierce competition, and although dai Kasa's compatriot Mao Renfeng took over, it was also in decline.
On the side of the Communist Party, the intelligence and security organs also have personnel problems. Tecdo was a cadre of the white areas during the Period of the Great Revolution, the Security Bureau was mostly a Red Army cadre of workers' background, the War of Resistance Against Japan absorbed a large number of foreign intellectual cadres, and a large number of local peasant cadres.
The author asked the head of the cadre section of the border guard at that time, and Guo Buyue said: At that time, the central authorities attached importance to the use of intellectuals, and Leaders such as Zhou Xing of the Security Department also attached importance to promoting intellectual cadres. Instead of discriminating against these intellectual cadres, our cadre departments have paid more attention to promoting and using them. Among leading cadres who have great differences in experience and personality, things that are not convinced by each other have happened repeatedly. Zhou Xing, an old cadre of the Long March, had a great temper and often reprimanded him severely. Bru from the white area publicly threatened that if the security department did not have me Bru, Zhou Xing would not be able to solve the case at all! Li Fushan, a cadre in northern Shaanxi, and Ye Yungao, a cadre of the Long March, quarreled, and Zhou Xing could not be persuaded!
The key to whether a unit can do a good job in unity lies in the number one. Beside the chief of the border protection department, there are old cadres of the Long March such as Tan Zhengwen, Du Liqing, and Liu Haibin, there are local cadres with old qualifications such as Bai Dongcai, Liu Ziyi, and Guo Buyue, and there are underground work cadres in the white areas such as Bulu, and it is not easy for Zhou Xing to suppress Taiwan. Zhou Xing is principled and subjective, and he loves to train people, but he is open-minded and forgets it after training. People say that Zhou Xing attaches great importance to the old cadres and intellectual cadres in the White Area. The people who had the greatest opinions about Zhou Xing seemed to be Chen Fusheng and other Red Army cadres who had come together on the Long March.
Foreign cadres came from all over the country, from the south to liangguang, from the north to the northeast, and from the east to the sea, and there were people everywhere in the whole country, which immediately changed the pattern of the EARLY CPC cadres concentrating in several provinces, and made it easier to carry out work in various places.
There have been frequent peasant uprisings in China's history, some of which have succeeded and some of which have failed. There are many reasons for success or failure, one of which is very important - is there a talent to be a military master? In the old days, Xiucai was the rural intellectuals, and the participation of intellectuals not only represented the expansion of the class base of the uprising team, but also meant the intellectual improvement of the uprising command. The Kuomintang and the Communists on the secret front were fighting each other, and the Communists were far superior to their opponents in terms of quality and will, but their educational level and social experience were low, and with this group of intellectuals, the Kuomintang had no advantage at all in terms of talent, while the Communist Party was like a tiger!
It was these young trainees who came out of the Yan'an cave dwellings who later made earth-shattering achievements and actually formed the top leadership of the intelligence and defense front of New China.
Being able to attach importance to and unite talented people seems to be one of the important reasons why the CPC's intelligence and defense work can defeat its opponents.
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