The Yellow River Basin originates from the Bayankara Mountains, east of the Bohai Sea, south of the Qinling Mountains, and north of the Yin Mountains, with a basin area of 752,000 km2.
Historically, the Yellow River has always flooded, and it is common for the yellow river to break the embankment and change its course. Historically, it has flowed through 6 provinces and cities in present-day Hebei, Tianjin, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu.
The Yellow River flows through Nine Provinces and Regions of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong, and flows into the Bohai Sea from the border of Shandong Province.
Seeing Shaanxi and Henan, well, the emperor is indispensable. "The talent of the south, the general of the north, the emperor of the loess buried in Shaanxi"
Shaanxi 13 dynasties ancient capital, shaanxi history museum alone has 370,000 pieces, this does not count the unexcavated, private collection, smuggled abroad, stolen tombs destroyed, natural damage, it can be said that countless. The cultural relics that remain today are really not one in a hundred.
Henan's "eight ancient capitals" account for four, the former capital of Xia and Shang, Zhengzhou, the shang capital Anyang, the ancient capital of the Thirteen Dynasties Luoyang, and the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties, Kaifeng.
I will not talk about anything else, but only talk about the Yellow River sacrifice.
Origin of the Sacrifice:
The Xia monarch Huai reigned for 26 years, and Huai's son Mang succeeded to the throne and ascended the throne as the ninth heavenly son of the Xia Dynasty, which was ordinary, but he initiated the shen sacrifice ceremony and solemnly sacrificed the Yellow River. The ceremony is like this, first sinking the "three animals" pigs, cattle, and sheep into the river, and then giving Emperor Shun the prize of success in the water of Dayu Zhishui, and the "Xuan Gui" (black yugui) also sinks in the river water to pay tribute to the river god.
Sacrifice Budding:
Ximen leopard cures water, this story is familiar to everyone. Ximen Leopard was in the annex to present-day Anyang to break the feudal superstition, because at that time people followed the tradition of using the living shen river, in order to prevent the river from flooding and drought in the coming year. (Even in modern times, there are still living people throwing themselves into the river to sacrifice, see "Red River Valley")
In the spring and autumn, the "Yellow River Array" ceremony is held, and the stone people and horses are sunk into it.
Ritual development:
In "Huainanzi", it is discussed that people worship the river god, the well god, the stove god, the broom god, the portal god, and the pestle god. The Huainan zi god does not care, but people must use it in their daily lives, so sacrificing them is a way for people to express gratitude.
"Moon Order Broad Sense. Year Order 1: Jiang Shen is Qu Yuan, the Doctor of Chu
The name of the river god, the Yangtze River god is mostly considered to be Qu Yuan; while the Yellow River is usually referred to as the river god, the "Zhuangzi" says that the name of the river is Feng Yi, the "Search for God" and "Five Elements" record the epic poem of Hebo being drowned, and the "Search god record" says that Hebo drowned on the day of Gengge in August.
There are also people who call Chen Ping the God of the River, and the second volume of the Three Sects of The Source Stream search for gods records: "River reading, Han Chen Ping also."
"Etiquette and Royal System" contains: Lu people sacrifice Taishan, And Jin people sacrifice river is also.
Western Zhou Tianzi sacrificed the Yellow River, the etiquette is complicated and solemn, here is a brief introduction, the etiquette is not talked about, only about the sacrifice supplies:
1. Wangqi: The offerings of Wangqi are mainly animals and Gui, and all sacrifices are made in a total of five Qi and three wines, and eight statues. The great sacrifice is three second, the middle sacrifice is second, and the small sacrifice is one second.
That is, the sacrifice should be cyclical, and the worship belongs to the middle sacrifice, and it should be twice
2. Patrol The Great Zhang, Zhongzhang Nine Inches, BianZhang Seven Inches, Shoot Four Inches, Thick Inches, Golden Spoon, Lapis Lazuli Outer, Zhu Zhong, Nose Inch, Heng Four Inches, There is a Valerian, the Heavenly Son patrols, Zong Zhu before the horse.
With the preservation time of jade, it is also possible for thousands of years, and it is very likely that it will be sealed in a deep soil layer, and theoretically excavated, there is a possibility that the color is still the same
In order to avoid flooding of the Yellow River, it can be said that the ancients threw everything down. In the world of the ancients, after death, it was the same as people. For example, Qin Shi Huang built an imperial mausoleum, which contains terracotta warriors, golden mountains and silver seas, and courtiers and concubines. Therefore, the sacrifice of the river god is also a set, carriages, horses, women, children, all kinds of utensils are readily available.
A large number of artifacts are non-metallic, extremely difficult to detect, and are likely to be 10 meters deep under the riverbed, making excavation extremely difficult. Sometimes some cultural relics will rush out during the flood season, and if they are found, remember to hand them over to the state.