Sasha today in its history.
Author: Sasha
This article is Sasha's original and will not be reprinted by any media
Is the Eighth Route Army's Instruction Brigade a training or combat unit? January 20, 1941: The Communist Party of China rebuilds the Headquarters of the New Fourth Army.
Some friends asked me what the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army had some strange formations, such as the Teaching Brigade, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Sasha said something.
The teaching brigade of the Nationalist Army and the teaching brigade of the Eighth Route Army are completely different.
Before the Northern Expedition, the Northern Expeditionary Army had established a teaching regiment.
Originally in 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy established its first instruction regiment. As the name suggests, this teaching regiment is a teaching and experimental unit. It is used as a template for the future Whampoa Army. This teaching regiment is a three-three system, that is, three battalions under the regiment and three companies under the battalion. At the regimental level, there were also two machine gun companies, a special agent company, a reconnaissance company, a communications company, a heavy reinforcement team and a health brigade. The whole teaching group is about 1,000 people. The regimental headquarters has regimental commanders, chiefs of staff and party representatives!
Subsequently, the Whampoa Military Academy established 5 teaching regiments, which were the seed units of the Whampoa Army.
Before the Northern Expedition, the 5 teaching regiments were all incorporated into the combat units of the Northern Expedition Army, and the names of the teaching regiments were abolished and ceased to exist.
After the Northern Expedition, the Nationalist army still maintained the formation of teaching regiments, teaching teams, and instructors, as well as the teaching corps that we are familiar with.
Except for teaching the general brigade to later drive ducks to participate in actual combat, the rest of the teaching units were serious education and training units.
They are similar to the U.S. Supplementary Corps and are specialized in recruit training.
Generally speaking, the teaching units are mostly regimental units and assigned to the level of military divisions and brigades. The teaching regiment generally has several teaching battalions, which are full of veteran non-commissioned officers, who are specifically responsible for training new recruits and training backbone soldiers.
In principle, the regiment is not on the front line and will not engage the enemy. This is because the teaching regiment is a veteran sergeant, and it is a condescending talent to fight. These veterans are experienced and train new recruits to play their part, rather than being sent to the front line to charge.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, due to the heavy losses on the front line, the teaching troops also appeared in the formation of brigades, with the purpose of training a large number of new recruits.
However, the Eighth Route Army's teaching brigade was not like this, it was a combat unit.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army was not the Eighth Route Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, but the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Since it belonged to the National Revolutionary Army, it must be managed and controlled by the National Government.
The establishment of the Eighth Route Army by the Nationalist government is 3 divisions and 6 brigades, that is, the size of more than 40,000 people.
As a regular army of the state, the Eighth Route Army cannot expand its troops at will without the approval of the Military Commission.
Even if the size of the troops is expanded in the war for the sake of actual combat needs, these additional troops cannot be managed by themselves and must be handed over to the overall control of the Military Commission.
To put it more in layman's terms, the troops that they have expanded must be handed over to the command of the national army, and cannot be included under their own command.
And the Nationalist government will certainly replace the officers of the Eighth Route Army at all levels of these troops and replace them with their own people, which is equivalent to eating these troops.
Obviously, the Eighth Route Army was unwilling.
At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army had only more than 40,000 troops, and by the end of the War of Resistance, there were already 600,000 regular troops.
So many troops have been expanded, and there is no regular establishment.
Since the Eighth Route Army established a large number of local governments at the same time, there was no need to rely on the National Government for military expenditure.
Even so, at least before the Anhui Incident, the Eighth Route Army considered political influence and was not convenient for these new troops to give official names at will. If the troops are formed without authorization, they will certainly be violently attacked by domestic public opinion.
Thus, the Teaching Brigade appeared.
From June 1938 to early 1939, the main force of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army entered Shandong. In just one year from October 1940, 7 teaching brigades were established, and military districts such as Luxi, Huxi, Jilubian and Lunan were formed.
The information is written like this: With the expansion of the Shandong troops of the 115th Division to 70,000, according to the instructions of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, by the winter of 1940, the division had successively reorganized its units into 6 teaching brigades.
The 1st and 3rd brigades of the Suluyu Detachment were organized as Peng Mingzhi, commander of the 1st Brigade and Brigade, and Zhu Dixin, political commissar;
The 1st Regiment of the Independent Detachment and the Lunan and Sulu Detachments were organized into the 2nd Brigade, with Brigade Commander Zeng Guohua and Political Commissar Wu Wenyu (later Fu Zhuting);
The 2nd Regiment of the Independent Detachment and the Canal Detachment were organized into the 3rd Brigade (concurrently luxi military region), with brigade commander Yang Yong and political commissar Su Zhenhua;
The Yellow River detachment was organized as the 4th Brigade (concurrently Huxi Military Region), brigade commander Deng Keming, political commissar Fu Zhuting (later Zhang Guohua);
The EastWard Detachment was organized into the 5th Brigade, with Brigade Commander Liang Xingchu and Political Commissar Zhang Guohua (later Luo Huasheng);
The 6th detachment of the eastward anti-Japanese advance column and the Lubei detachment were organized into the 6th Brigade (also known as the Hebei Lubian Military Region), with brigade commander Xing Renfu and political commissar Zhou Guanwu.
In July 1941, the newly organized Third Brigade and the newly organized 2nd Brigade 4th Regiment were merged into the Seventh Brigade, with Han Xianchu as the brigade commander and Zhao Jimei, political commissar and deputy brigade commander.
To put it more bluntly, the Eighth Route Army's teaching brigade is the product of dealing with the pressure of domestic public opinion.
Originally, the Teaching Brigade was not a combat unit, but only for the training of new recruits. Then it seems that the formation teaching brigade has no big impact, and it will not be used to fight wars anyway.
According to this explanation, the domestic media will reduce the criticism. It's just that these are combat units, just in the name of the teaching brigade.
In fact, the teaching brigade is no different from the irregular numbers of detachments, independent brigades, new brigades, and garrison brigades, but only political means in special periods.
This kind of name change that considers the pressure of public opinion has been changed many times in history.
For example, when Lin Biao's troops first entered the northeast, they were called the "Northeast People's Autonomous Army." Why are these units, which are composed entirely of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, called such strange names?
According to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the Nationalist Government and the Soviet Union, the Soviet army was not allowed to transfer the territory in the northeast to non-government forces such as the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.
The Soviet Union was also very cunning, saying that these were not the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, but the people's armed forces established by the people of the northeast themselves. We transferred the turf to them, in full compliance with the agreement.
From January 1946, the Soviet army was ready for a full retreat, and the territory must have been taken over by the Northeast Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. And the Nationalist government also knew that these armies were not the local people's autonomous army in the northeast, but the New Fourth Army of the Eighth Route Army of more than 100,000 provinces that had come in from outside guanxi.
Under such circumstances, it is not appropriate to cover up the "Northeast People's Autonomous Army".
So in January, the "Northeast People's Autonomous Army" was renamed the "Northeast Democratic United Army".
Why is it called the "Northeast Democratic Coalition"? This means that this army does have a Communist army, but a coalition of various parties and political forces, including the northeast itself.
To this end, some of the old departments of the Northeast Army, which had openly or secretly joined the Communist Party, were specially transferred to the northeast.
For example, Zhang Xueliang's younger brother Zhang Xuesi, who subsequently served as chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Government, commander of the Liaoning Military Region, vice chairman of the Northeast Administrative Committee and director of the Liaodong Office, said that this was indeed a democratic coalition army.
It turned out that the generals of the Northeast Army also took the initiative to cooperate with the Communist Party in building the army.
Wan Yi, a general of the Northeast Army, served as deputy secretary of the Jiliao Provincial CPC Committee, deputy commander of the Jiliao (Eastern Manchuria) Military Region, and commander of the Seventh Column.
Lü Zhengcao, a general of the Northeast Army, served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast Democratic United Army, principal of the Northeast Military and Political School, and then concurrently served as the commander of the West Manchuria Military Region.
In short, they are all high-powered people in the Democratic Coalition.
Whether it was Zhang Xuesi, Wan Yi or Lü Zhengcao, they had long been communists.
In 1938, Wan Yi became a special member of the Communist Party of China, that is, a secret party member, whose identity was not made public, disguised as a member of the Kuomintang.
Lu Zhengcao became a secret party member earlier, in 1937.
As for Zhang Xuesi, he joined the party as early as 1933.
On January 1, 1948, only 10 months after the liberation of all of Northeast China. Since the victory was decided, the name Northeast Democratic Coalition Army did not need to exist, and it was officially renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army.
In the same way, after the Anhui Incident in 1941, after the Kuomintang and the Communist Party completely turned their faces, there was no need to cover up like this.
The Teaching Brigade was gradually abolished, and the official name of the Eighth Route Army was restored.
The First Brigade was reorganized in 1943 as the Seventh Brigade of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army, and the title was abolished.
The Second Brigade was downsized in 1943 to the Sixth Binhai Regiment, and the title was abolished.
In 1942, the Third Brigade was merged with the Second Military Subdistrict of the Jiluyu Military Region, and the title was abolished.
In 1942, the Seventh Brigade was merged with the Seventh Military Subdistrict of the Jiluyu Military Region, and the title was abolished.
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