What is now Iran, once the Persian Empire, has been a great power in the Middle East since ancient times. At its height, the Persian Empire single-handedly dominated the Persian-Greek War, which lasted for half a century. Although in the end the Persian Empire ended in defeat. But it has led to a great integration of the history and culture of the East and the West. It was such a powerful empire.
During the Pahlavi dynasty, there were hundreds of thousands of troops, but these armies appeared to be very "willful" in times of national crisis, and they sat and watched the country perish without participating in the defense of their homeland.
Let's see what's going on!
In World War II, Iran refused to expel the Germans, and Britain and the Soviet Union intervened
Reza Khan established his own state by overthrowing the original Qajar dynasty in a planned coup d'état. In the coup d'état he presented himself as one of the country's most powerful men. It was also during this period that the persian title was replaced by Iran. However, he lived in an era of rising Western power.
At this time, Iran, without exception, became the meat on the sticky board of the expansionist Britain and Russia.
In order to get rid of British and Russian control, Reza Khan decided to take advantage of the contradictions between the European powers to get rid of British and Russian control, for which he chose Germany.
At this time, Iran had oil resources. Therefore, Germany felt that helping Iran would gain great benefits. To this end, Germany has invested a lot of resources in Iran. However, with the outbreak of World War II. Iran has long been under German help. For this reason, even if Iran declares itself as a neutral country, the two will not help each other. However, after all, there are a large number of German technicians left in the country.
The British took the opportunity to demand that Reza Khan expel the Germans.
How could Reza Khan, who had long shared a house with Germany, sacrifice the interests of his country because of a british word. For this reason, Reza Khan decisively rejected the British.
The British had already counted the British in their minds about Reza Khan's refusal. All they need is an excuse to invade Iran. Thus Britain joined forces with the Soviet Union to invade Iran. however
In the face of the Anglo-Soviet invasion, Iran's army showed a "willful" side and did not participate in the war to defend the motherland. In this way, Reza Khan was easily arrested and exiled. And the regime he established also collapsed.
The country was controlled by Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
At the end of World War II, the son of Reza Khan was established, and the Pahlavi dynasty was established
With the end of World War II. Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States had no reason to continue to occupy Iran. For this reason, with the consent of the three kingdoms, Reza Khan's son Mohammed Reza Pahlavi returned to his country and succeeded his father as king of Iran. Thus began the Pahlavi dynasty. After the establishment of the dynasty, Pahlavi carried out a package of reforms to Iran.
He was committed to reviving the army, and he wanted to avoid the state's disregard for the demise of the state during World War II, and to place the national army under the control of the royal family
。 At the same time, a constitutional monarchy was reformed. Under his rule, Iran's infrastructure is perfect, and the people of the country are prosperous. In just two decades, the country has become a great power in the Middle East again.
However, under his series of reforms, the rights of the originally arbitrary clergy began to be lost. As secular forces began to rise, the clerical class, fearing losing its position, began to swell underground. Afraid of losing their supremacy, they joined forces. At the same time, domestic intellectuals began to seek higher political status. Not only that, but the people at home were also influenced by the ideas of Western countries and began to be dissatisfied with the rule of the Pahlavi dictatorship, and for a while the domestic storm surged. Social contradictions are becoming increasingly acute. Although, the domestic economy is still very prosperous. However, the dynastic crisis is already obvious under the song and dance. however
However, King Pahlavi believed that as long as the economy could get better and better, the people's lives would be richer, plus he still had 700,000 elite troops trained in western military training to unite around the royal family.
For this reason, he always believed that his throne was as stable as Mount Tai.
However, the economy of the Pahlavi dynasty at this time relied on oil, not domestic industrial capacity. So when oil plummeted, it was the time of his dynasty's decline. Sure enough, oil won't always be on the rise. 1
In 975, oil prices ushered in the middle of winter. For a while, international oil prices plummeted, which made the domestic economy of the Pahlavi dynasty begin to deteriorate.
The deterioration of the economy has caused all the domestic contradictions that were originally underground to erupt. Led by the clergy class, there were frequent uprisings throughout Iran. At this time, the only thing Pahlavi could rely on was the male lion with 700,000 people united around the royal family. As long as they are loyal to the monarch and the monarch, they can still turn the tables. however
This heavily built army that was supposed to rally around the royal family once again showed their "wayward" side. Not only did they not suppress the people who revolted, but some soldiers even joined them.
In this way, the powerful Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown.