From the perspective of world history, as emperors and kings, they are the most exalted people, the masters of the country, and the kings basically like to tour the world to show the greatness of their country. The most typical ancient Chinese, such as Qin Shi Huang and the Kangxi Emperor, like to tour the world, and every time they patrol, they must have an army escort to ensure the safety of the king. But it is because of this escort that it ends up burying a dynasty and establishing a dynasty. The king of the following country wanted to tour the south and ordered the general to lead an army to escort him, and as a result, the general took the opportunity to launch a coup d'état and directly built a great country.
This happened in 1921 in what was then the Persian Empire, later Iran, in February of that year, when King Ahmad Shah of Iran prepared to tour the south of the country. The king was particularly fond of cruising, bringing with him an elite army to escort him on each cruise.
This time, Ahmad Shah ordered the Cossack division trained by Russia for Iran to take on the escort task. At that time, the commander of the Cossack division was called Reza Khan, so why did the Cossack Division escort him? Because at this time Iran was at odds with Britain, who wanted to dominate Iran and demanded that Iran become a British protectorate, King Ahmad Shah also wanted to use Russian power against Britain.
And at that time, the Cossack division also happened to be in the hands of the Iranian Reza Khan, so it was safe. While King Ahmad Shah was preparing the schedule for the southern tour and preparing his luggage and matters, the general Reza Khan, with 3,000 Cossack divisions, came to the capital, and the king thought that he had come to escort the southern tour. Reza Khan, on the other hand, entered the capital and entered the royal palace, but suddenly staged a coup d'état, killing those officials who opposed him in the capital and taking control of Tehran.
The king did not know until the 21st of February that the army that had led the wolf into the house had defected. Reza Khan quickly took over the palace and major authorities in a coup d'état, while Ahmad Shah had to go into exile, and Reza Khan soon took control of the country and became Iran's military supreme. To this end, many provinces at that time were not convinced, and Reza Khan personally commanded troops to suppress the rebellion, and soon reunified the country and established the later famous Pahlavi dynasty.
It should be noted here that Reza Khan launched a coup to seize power in the name of the escort king, which is nominally untenable. So in order to show legitimacy, Reza Khan named it after a powerful ancient Iranian dynasty, and he also changed his surname to Pahlavi, which led to the Pahlavi dynasty. But to its surprise, the Pahlavi dynasty established by this coup was one of the most powerful and greatest in the entire history of Iran.
In the 50 years of the Pahlavi dynasty, Iran has become the first power in the Middle East, the ninth richest country in the world, and a military power, it can be said that this coup directly built a great country. Unfortunately, Reza Khan seized power through a coup d'état, and as a result, his son Pahlavi was also ousted by the coup in 1979, and a group of clerics launched an Islamic revolution to directly destroy the Pahlavi dynasty, which can be said to be retribution.
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Reference: Modern and Contemporary Iranian History.