Inscription: The history of wine smells of wine and contains little-known drinking traditions, what interesting historical details are hidden in it?
Drinking has a long history, from the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, from top to bottom there is a fragrance of wine. This is the essence of grain refining, and it is also a symbol of harvest in agricultural civilization. Since then, after continuous improvement of winemaking technology, the aroma of wine has become more and more intoxicating at each stage. However, when entering the Han Dynasty, drinking changed, wine could not be drunk casually, and meals could not be gathered casually, otherwise fines would be imposed.
In order to improve the demeanor and literacy of the whole country, Emperor Wendi of Han made a major adjustment in the issue of drinking, "that is, you cannot get together to drink together for no reason, otherwise" more than three people, drinking in groups for no reason, and fined four or two. "Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, there must be a good reason for drinking, and this reason is more for various festivals and settings."
Related topics
Drinking days can only be gathered together to drink.
The days specially set up for drinking in the Han Dynasty are La-day drinking and Fu-ri drinking, social day drinking, in addition to various holiday drinking, coupled with various wedding drinking and large-scale drinking, so that the number of drinks is not small, but the usual prohibition of gathering to drink must be out of the country to lead a new fashion as a starting point. At that time, only festivals could drink alcohol, the purpose was to plan reasonable drinking, from the etiquette and governance can better reflect civilization, so through the traditional drinking makes the festival party appear more atmospheric.
Most of the various traditional festivals in China were formed during the Han Dynasty, so there were many festivals in the future, such as New Year's Day, Lantern Festival and Chongyang Festival, and the folk culture of the Han Dynasty was particularly rich.
New Year's Day of the Han Dynasty
How did the ancients drink alcohol on New Year's Day? This day is the first of the year, so the atmosphere of removing the old cloth and the new cloth is very strong, the people carry out a cleaning, and then in order to drive away the obscurity and bad luck of the year, after pasting the Spring Festival, it is natural that the members of the group drink and eat together. On this day, the eldest and youngest are salty, and "the children and great-grandchildren each serve pepper and cypress wine to their parents." "So respect for the elderly is the main meaning of this first glass of wine. This scene is also recalled by the poets of the Southern Dynasty after that, "The elder and the young are dressed in the crown, and the second prayer is congratulated, and the pepper and cypress wine is drunk, the peach soup is drunk, the Tu Su wine is entered, the gum tooth soup is added, and the next five xin pans are served." "The gist is that on this day, men, women and children should wear new clothes, salute the elderly one by one, and then offer "pepper wine", drink some soup, and then eat other dishes platter, the so-called five spices is a dish made of five ingredients, probably the taste is naturally delicious. The "pepper wine" drunk on this day is very meaningful, in addition to matching the New Year atmosphere, it can also eliminate all kinds of diseases and be relaxed.
Related screens
In addition to the New Year's Day new year's drinking, the Lantern Festival is also an extremely important drinking day, this festival is naturally not unfamiliar to today, it is said that it originated from the worship of the gods and the moon by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and on the fifteenth day of the first month, the altar was sacrificed, and the lanterns were colorful, so that the Lantern Festival became a reason to drink magnificently. In the Hubei region," on the fifteenth day of the first month, make bean paste, add oil and paste it, and take the temple to the gate. In addition, there are "eight days such as Shangyuan and Shangwei in the Later Han Dynasty, all of which are the time for social feasts and drinks." "Through the dusky history, we seem to see the rare joy and drinking of the Han Dynasty people, because they can't often party and drink, such a day is even more atmospheric and intoxicating."
Drinking day on the upper day
On the day of drinking, this day you can drink freely, not drunk and not returning.
The so-called Shangwei is quite religious, this day is to use a lot of water to wash clothes or bathe, in short, quite a more sacred "National Health Festival", and after bathing and changing clothes, you can play outdoors, party drinking, although the status is different, all the circle of friends is not the same, but the purpose of drinking is similar, is to this day rare "release yourself". In addition, with the help of the literati, the connection between Shangmi and shangwei related cultural activities became more and more intimate, so that in the Wei and Jin dynasties, there was a "qujiu flowing" elegant gathering. Everyone gathered and sat down next to the stream, and then the wine glasses were placed on top of the flowing water, and wherever they went, they were to compose poems, and if they could not do it, they were punished with wine. Wang Xizhi has already made a detailed description in the "Orchid Pavilion Preface", so that day is probably spring, the so-called "years in the decay ugly, at the beginning of the late spring, will be in the Orchid Pavilion of Huiji Shanyin, repair things also." The so-called "Xiu Yu Shi" is the "Shangwei" festival handed down from the Han Dynasty.
Meandering water
Wedding banquet drinking, in order to jointly wish the couple a hundred years of good union, how can you not drink?
In the Han Dynasty, marriage drinking was called "Hezuo", which was the number of gifts for newlyweds to drink a cup of wine. The so-called "heku" is a gourd divided into two halves of the scoop, one scoop for the groom's official, one scoop for the bride, and the two drink together, so this is also the original appearance of the cup of wine. But how much wine is this scoop, if the bride is not able to drink it? There is no relevant record, so it is difficult to speculate. Weddings were naturally also important private events in ancient times, and on this day, of course, even the officials did not say much about drinking. There was also a discussion about whether to drink alcohol when getting married, because the previous decree was forbidden for more than three people to drink in groups, so the wine and food congratulations that the people participated in on this day were not a matter of several people, so the later Han Xuan Emperor also issued a special edict saying: "The gift of marriage of the husband, the great of the people, the meeting of wine and food, so the pleasure is also." The two thousand stones of the present county, or the harsh prohibition of unauthorizedness, the prohibition of the people marrying and not having wine and food as a greeting, so that the people have no pleasure, so that the people are not guided. Therefore, under the impetus of the emperor, it is not illegal to get married and drink, and you can drink happily.
Han Dynasty wedding set
Drinking alcohol on the day of the big breast, a major national holiday, can be drunk for five days.
The so-called big breast is mainly including the crown prince, the princess marriage or some major happy events of the country and set up a festival, of course, this comes from the Qin Dynasty, according to the "History" record is "May, the world is big breast", concise and clear, such a festival of course to enjoy with the people, so the Han Dynasty Emperor Wen once "gave the big breast five days", and Qin Shi Huang maintained a rhythm. On this day the common people may "drink wine for the people, and within five days, they may drink in groups." "If you don't drink or party for these five days, it will expire and be invalidated, so it can be called a national drinking carnival day." The above is the general situation of drinking days in the Han Dynasty, so what are the rules and customs of drinking in the Han Dynasty? And let's take a quick look.
Due to the necessity of etiquette norms, it became a basic respect among the kings and subjects of the Han Dynasty.
In the Han Dynasty, drinking alcohol could not come casually, because as early as before Liu Bang founded the country, it was obviously not in line with etiquette for a fierce man like Fan Duo to drink a large bowl and eat a large piece of meat when he became an official. It often appears that "the group of courtiers drink and fight for merit, get drunk or shout in vain, draw swords and strike pillars, and the high emperor suffers." The uncle informed Shangyiye and said that shangyi was willing to recruit Lu Zhusheng and join the disciples of the courtiers in the court. It is that everyone began to talk nonsense while drinking, bragging to each other, and began the rhythm of "serving the heavens, serving the ground, and serving the air in the middle".
Some of them even drew their swords and slashed pillars to demonstrate, and Emperor Liu Bang was in a bad mood at this time. So Uncle Sun Tong said to Liu Bang, I found a group of Confucian students in Shandong to teach them how to drink. So after that, "in the seventh year of the Han Dynasty, the Changle Palace was formed, and the princes and subjects were all in the tenth day." "Compound the wine." All the attendants sat on the temple and bowed their heads, and raised their lives with dignity and inferiority. Nine lines, the words of the Gurudwara, strike the wine. "Mishi, who was supervising drinking on the side, saw that it was not in order to drag people out, so he did not dare to talk nonsense when he drank in the future." In this way, Liu Bang issued an exclamation: "I am known today as the emperor's noble one" sigh.
Film and television footage
In addition, the sitting posture, seating, and elder and young drinking were becoming more and more strict during court banquets, generally sitting on their knees and pressing their feet on their hips, so that their knees were outward. If you salute others, the upper body is upright, and the knees are seated, which is called a knee seat. If someone else pours you a drink, you should avoid the table as a sign of respect. Therefore, although this kind of drinking is becoming more and more standardized, it eventually loses the relaxation and pleasure of drinking.
In addition, there are also liquor orders and persuasions, as well as song and dance performances during drinking, which represent the drinking style of the Han Dynasty, of course, most of them have been inherited by later generations, so although there are many differences in each era, they gradually and completely liberalize drinking in the end, which all explain the essential culture of drinking.
References include "General History of China", "Book of Han", "Folk Customs and Those Things", etc