Mr. Cha Fuxi (1895-1976), a generation of violin masters, contributed greatly to the revival of guqin art in the twentieth century, and it can be said that countless pianists today have been blessed by him. The book "The Past is Clear, the Flute Is Tall - Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe" launched by Zhonghua Bookstore in 2021 is based on a large number of poems, diaries, oral descriptions, unpublished manuscripts and other materials, focusing on Song Qin's "Cold Spring" and Zhang Chonghe's three "Eight Voices of Ganzhou" written to Cha Fuxi, and meticulously restoring the interaction between Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe, one of the four sisters of Hefei. At the same time, the author places the interaction between the two in the context of history, depicting how the elegance of ancient China was passed on to a group of modern intellectuals who had suffered from chaos.
One of the places where the story of this book takes place is Kunming, Yunnan. At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the elite figures of China's cultural circles gathered in Kunming, and Cha Fuxi, who was working in the airline at the time, met Zhang Chonghe (1913-2015), a talented woman who was eighteen years younger than himself, and since then, he has been known as the "four brothers" and "four sisters", teaching each other guqin and Kunqu opera, "musicians and lyricists, meeting each other day and night", and forming a deep friendship. Together with musicians Zheng Yingsun, Peng Zhiqing, Yang Yinliu, Cao Anhe, writers Lao She, scholars Luo Yong, Luo Changpei, Tang Lan, Ding Xielin, Pu Jiangqing and others, they either wandered through the landscape, or performed drama collections, or talked about literature and art. They inherit the lifeblood of culture, highlight cultural self-confidence, and although they are in turmoil, their elegance has not diminished slightly. Wang Zengqi's famous prose "Evening Crest Garden Quhui" only notes a corner of this humanistic event.
The author of this book, Mr. Yan Xiaoxing, came to Kunming in the summer of 2021 to share this new work with local readers, and also took this opportunity to search for the relics of Mr. Cha Fuxi accompanied by friends, and fulfilled his long-cherished wish and returned to write a long article recording his travels. What is released here is the essence of this article, the details of the calendar, can be compared with "The Past is Clear, the Flute Tall Building - Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe" is also enough to guide the latecomers.
On July 17 and 18, 2021, Zhonghua Bookstore and Ranju Guqin Study Club held a sharing activity for my new book "The Past is Clear, the Flute High Building - Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe" in Kunming' Chunxiao Bookstore and Maitian Bookstore in Kunming. After the book launch held by Beijing Sanlian Bookstore on June 19, Zhonghua Bookstore put the second round of offline activities in Kunming, because most of the "past events" that are "clearly in" in the book take place here. It just so happened that I had a wish to visit the traces of Mr. Cha Fuxi (1895-1976) in Kunming one by one, so I made an appointment with Ms. Zhao, the owner of ranju, and arrived in Kunming three days in advance, and spent an exciting and fulfilling few days under her careful arrangement.
"The Past Is Clear, the Flute Tall Building- Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe"
Chafuxi before going to Kunming
From the autumn of 1937 to the spring of 1945, Mr. Cha Fuxi lived in Kunming (including Chenggong) for seven and a half years. This is ChaFuxi's personal accident, as well as a historical accident.
Born in Yongshun, Hunan, Chafu West was born in Xiushui, Hunan, followed his father's eunuch travels in his early years, studied in his youth, saved the country, revolutionized, and fled, running around Nanchang, Qingdao, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Wuhan, Bengbu, Xuzhou, and almost never really settled down. From the summer of 1928, he entered the Department of Aviation Administration of the Ministry of Communications of the Nationalist Government as a section chief, in the autumn of 1930 he was appointed chief of the Aviation Section of the Aviation Department of the Ministry of Military Affairs, and in 1932 he was also appointed chief of the Education Section. During these four years, he lived in Nanjing. On November 4, 1932, the eldest son, Cha Yitan (later renamed Kecheng), was born in a Huizhong Hotel in Nanjing. Such an important thing as having a child is usually either in the hospital or at home, and he has not yet made a home in Nanjing by this time, so it is true that he did not take this place as a long-term solution.
In 1936, Cha Fuxi played the piano in the flower garden of Nanjing Cemetery. The original title of the photo is "Play to the plum blossom moon full piano"
The place chosen by Cha Fuxi is Suzhou. At the end of 1932, he joined Eurasia Airways, which had just been established for more than a year, as secretary, and the following year he was promoted to secretary and director of the operations group. The company is in Shanghai, and every week he has to take a train to and from Shanghai and Nanjing, and Suzhou is on the Shanghai-Nanjing line, which is convenient for travel. More importantly, this is the place where the humanities are deep, and his guqin hobby is the most appropriate. Another reason was that he didn't want his wife to live a life of playing mahjong with his wives all day, away from Nanjing, and away from the circle of life he hated — and perhaps security considerations: after all, his experience as a member of the Communist Party of China was now deeply hidden.
After staying in Guanqu Lane near Pingmen in Suzhou for a while, Wu Lansun, a brother of Cha Fuxi and a pianist, helped him build his new home under the Ruiguang Pagoda, "Houmei Yinlu". In the early spring of 1937, chafuxi's family moved in. From birth, Chafuxi has been displaced and has not stopped. This is probably the first time in his forties that he has a home of his own.
However, just over half a year later, the August 13 Incident broke out, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai, and Shanghai and Ning were not guaranteed. Cha Fuxi received the task of relocating all the company's equipment and employees to Xi'an. Although Suzhou was close at hand, he had no time to go home, so he could only let his wife take the whole family to travel thousands of miles to Xi'an to meet. Soon, enemy aircraft frequently bombed Xi'an, and the company moved to Kunming on October 8. Cha Fuxi's whole family also came to Kunming.
Yunnan Chenggong Zhangjia residence
On the 15th, I went to Chenggong and Longtou Village, which was the most important day of the trip. Mr. Chen Liyan, a folk scholar, and Mr. Fan Dan, director of the Wuhua District History Office, were specially invited to lead the way, accompanied by three of her friends, Liu Jiyuan, Wang Qian, and Ding Jie. After more than half an hour, we entered Longcheng Street, the main street of Chenggong, from the west side. Less than a kilometer, it has come to an end. The terrain here is steeply elevated, and it looks like an abandoned factory, with closed doors, stickers called "day and night parking lots", and occasional vehicles entering and leaving.
Elder Chen took us a few steps to the Zhongfeng Calligraphy and Painting Institute. The dean, Mr. Song Ci, was already waiting at the door. Song Ci was a foreigner who most admired Zhongfeng Cangxue in his life, so he settled in his hometown of Chenggong to engage in cultural promotion. At present, many cultural undertakings of Chenggong have been involved by him. Zhongfeng Calligraphy and Painting Institute is located in the former residence of Chenggong educator Chang Jingguang (1894-1972), sitting east to west, the traditional civil structure, is the most common "one seal" building in Kunming. Song Ci took us on a tour and said, "At that time, many professors from southwest United University came here to drink and chat, and some people got drunk and stayed here the next day before they went back. Chafuxi should have been here too. ”
Chenggong Zhongfeng Calligraphy and Painting Institute, in the former residence of Chang Jingguang
Song Ci took us to the Zhangjia compound, the former residence of Chafuxi. Out of Longcheng Road, turn left is Xingcheng Road, the car drove out not long ago, stopped at the side of the road, turned into an alley, Zhang's house arrived.
On September 28, 1938, Japanese aircraft bombed Kunming for the first time. Chongren Street is in the city center and very dangerous. On October 1, Cha Fuxi sent his wife and children to Chenggong (then a county) long street to stay; after a few days of peace, he moved back on December 21. However, on April 8, the japanese machine returned, and for safety, Cha Fuxi finally decided to move to Longjie to live permanently, and the residence was the Zhang family residence.
It was listed in the Chenggong District Cultural Protection Unit in 2011 and the Kunming City Protection Unit in 2014, and the entrance is embedded with a black marble introduction from the end of 2017, slightly cloudy: Built in the twelfth year of the Republic of China (1923), it was originally the private residence of salt merchant Zhang Gang, sitting east to west, and is a courtyard building with a vestibule. The plan is rectangular and covers an area of 633 square meters. The main courtyard is regularly built, with a two-story civil structure with heavy eaves. The main room and the opposite hall are five bright and dark rooms, and the front corridor is located. There are three cabinets in each ear room with hanging columns. Its head-hugging beams, hanging pillars, finches, foreheads, cornices, doors and windows are all fine wood carvings, of which the auspicious group carvings carved by the ear chamber hanging columns using relief, circular carving, through carving and other techniques are particularly wonderful. The patio is paved with bluestone floors, and there are two flower platforms in the Cunsu Yaza. The four sides of the flower platform are inlaid with four inscriptions such as "Wulu Ji", "Diligence and Thrift as a Model for the Family", "Morality as the Foundation of Governing the Family", "Discipline and Discipline of Family Evil" and Tang poems, etc., which describe the concept of Zhang's family governance. Zhang's residence is an excellent traditional residential building in modern times, and during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, cultural celebrities such as Cha Fuxi, Zheng Yingsun, Zhang Chonghe and other cultural celebrities lived here.
Zhang's mansion
Zhang's mansion is not open today, because of Song Ci's greeting, the management staff came to open the door. Wandering around, imagining what ChaFuxi saw and felt, it seemed that every step was a bit of a trance, probably this is the feeling of being in the historical scene. Chafuxi records that they lived in the "Four Yangs", that is, the Four Rooms. That night, she reported to Chak Cheng's wife, Ms. Zhang Xiuhui, and asked her where the Cha Fuxi family lived at that time. She said she remembered revisiting Chuck's hometown, and Chuck cheng said that when you go in through the entrance, the first one on the right-hand side of the stairs is up. Then the rest of the cha family should also live on the second floor. It seems to be used for some local intangible cultural heritage display, and I looked out of the window and saw the double eaves and the distant sky.
Look out from the second-floor window
Cha Fuxi's study was also moved here from Chongren Street. Chuck confessed a story that happened in the study here. It was Wu Wenzao and Bingxin, who lived in Chenggong County, and they often came here to play. Once many people came here to party, Bing Xin opened the bookcase and turned it over. Bing Xin is a writer, Cha Fuxi was very embarrassed, and quickly stopped: "Oh, don't turn it over!" Don't turn it over! It's all boring books. Not long after, Bingxin turned over a copy of the Ice Heart Anthology! She didn't say anything, just smiled and showed the book to Cha Fuxi. Chafuxi is so embarrassed!
The Chafusi family probably lived here
This was eighty years ago, but it was as if it were right in front of us.
From Dragon Street to the former site of the Yang Family Compound
Zheng Yingsun, Zhang Chonghe lived in the Zhang family mansion for only a short time, and then moved to the Yang family compound in May. Zhang Chonghe also called on her third sister Zhang Zhaohe and his family, and the Shen Congwen Annals say that "Zhang Chonghe lived with Shen Congwen's family to the countryside of Chenggong", reversing cause and effect.
The "Present Yu Qin Journal" contains correspondence between Zheng Yingsun and Cha Fuxi on the eve of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and they had not met at that time. Zheng Yingsun, as a representative figure in the Beijing guqin circle (Hashikawa Shixiong's "General Catalogue of Chinese Cultural Figures", is also called "the first person to practice piano today"), introduced the recent situation of the ancient capital piano to the southern piano scene. Zhang Chonghe, her father Zhang Jimu, had settled in Suzhou in 1918, much earlier than Chafuxi, but there is no record of her interaction with Chafuxi before the fall of Suzhou.
Coming out of the Zhangjia mansion, not in the direction of Xingcheng Road, turn left, is a small alley with a slope of about thirty meters long, go up, you will reach Dragon Street, about four meters wide, cement, stone road, on both sides are homes and small shops. This is the middle of Dragon Street, high in the south and low in the north. Turn left and walk down, and within a few steps, you will reach Zhang Tianxu's former residence. Zhang Tianxu (1911-1941) was a left-wing writer who, while studying in Japan, his fellow countryman Nie Er unfortunately drowned, so he took care of the aftermath and returned with his ashes, which was known to the world. When the Cha Fuxi family lived in Longjie, it was three years after Nie Er's death, and naturally knew Zhang Tianxu. A few years later (1944), Chafu Xi buried his friend Peng Zhiqing in Xishan, Kunming, Zhang Tianxu had died three years ago, and Peng's tomb was on the side of Zhang's tomb. Inadvertent karma is even more emotional.
Dragon Street
Former residence of Zhang Tianxu
The tomb of Peng Zhiqing in the West Mountain of Kunming
From Zhang Tianxu's former residence, continue to walk down a few steps, there is an upward branch road on the right side of the road, leading to Chenggong Second Primary School, which was the Longxiang Temple Primary School in that year. Chuck Cheng studied here for a while before attending Santai Elementary School. There is a very old crooked neck tree in this school, and there is a very old clock hanging from the tree. He said, I made up my brain, it was really a general scene! However, the tree is long gone, and the ancient bell cannot escape the days of "great steel smelting".
After walking on the main street of LongJie, I have approached the foot of the mountain, turned two corners, and arrived at Chenggong No. 1 Middle School. Chenggong Yi was originally known as Chenggong Middle School, which was founded in 1938 in the simple normal school of Beimen Street in the county town. After a period of time, the Institute of National Census of Tsinghua University moved to the Temple of Literature in the county town, Zheng Yingsun, Zhang Chonghe, Shen Congwen and his wife, Tang Lan, Yang Yinliu, Cao An and them all stayed in the Yang family compound, and Chenggong Middle School was able to hire Zheng Yingsun, Fei Xiaotong, Bingxin, Sun Fuxi, Zhang Zhaohe and Chong he sisters to teach at the school. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that the school name on the wall is Fei Xiaotong's inscription, and the school song in the poster column is Bingxin lyrics.
At the beginning of 1952, Chenggong Middle School moved to the yang family compound, and soon the Yang family compound was owned by Chenggong Middle School. In November 1995, the school demolished the 84-year-old house and built a staff dormitory building on the original site. Since then, we can only piece together the appearance of the Yang family compound from the old photos and from people's memories: it took eight years from preparation to completion, and after its completion, the main part of the painted decoration lasted more than two years, said that it was high-walled and deep courtyard, said that it was golden and brilliant... I can't tell if it was fortunate or unfortunate, Zhang Zhaohe came here before the demolition, saw the exquisite Yang family compound was ruined, was greatly sad, and took a photo.
On June 19th, "The Past Is Clear, the Flute Tall Building" was first released at the Sanlian Bookstore in Beijing, and As soon as Mr. Shen Longzhu saw it, he said, "I have a painting for you." "It turned out to be the Yang Family Compound he painted." The Yang family compound is not only engraved in the lives of him, his parents and his fourth aunt, but also the common memory of so many popular characters.
Yang Family Compound, painted by Mr. Shen Longzhu
Zhang Chonghe and Zheng Yingsun's daughter Zheng Hui took a group photo with everyone after performing "Dream in the Garden"
I pulled out the picture of the Yang family compound drawn by Mr. Long Zhu from my mobile phone, trying to find a similar pattern. What I want to determine most is the location of Zhang Chonghe and Zheng Yingsun's daughter Zheng Hui after performing "Dream in the Garden" in the spring of 1940.
This group photo is on page 43 of the book, but the first thing I saw was in the Complete Works of Yang Yinliu, published ten years ago. Later, it was discovered that the Cha family not only had the original film of this photo, but also several stills taken at that time (two were selected and used in the book for the first time), and the photographer was Cha Fuxi. There is a detailed introduction to this photograph; of the twelve people above, I have met the youngest three (Zheng Hui, Cha Yi leng, and Cha Ke Cheng), and it is also fortunate that Zheng Hui and Chu Ke Cheng can identify everyone. However, what is not written in the book is that I also noticed that the couplets posted on the columns on both sides of them were not fully photographed, and I could only see that the end of the upper link was "Yutang Kai Dangui", the end of the lower link was "House Drunk Peach", and the only remaining horizontal on the "house" was about a "gold" word. Thick ink is written in the book, and the words are larger than the human head, which can be used to infer how vast the space here is.
In the spring of 1940, he took a group photo after the performance of "Dream in the Garden" in Chenggonglong Street, Yunnan. Chafu Xi photographed.
The front row starts from left: Cha Yilen (daughter of Cha Fuxi), Cha Yitan (son of Cha Fuxi, i.e. Cha Kecheng);
From left in the middle row: Cao Anhe, Zheng Hui, Zhang Chonghe, Zhang Zhaohe, Xu Wenzheng (Mrs. Cha Fuxi), Zheng Deshu, Zha Qingyun (Zha Fuxi's eldest sister);
Back row from left: Zheng Yingsun, Cha Fuxi, Yang Yinliu
In front of this place, Chuck Cheng said that it was the field used by the Yang family to dry wheat. When Shen Longzhu gave me the "Yang Family Courtyard Map", he also pointed to the porch in the middle of the first entrance behind the empty field inside the high wall and said, "This is where they act." Friends searched for an article recalling the Yang family compound on the Internet, accompanied by a number of colorful old photos of the Yang family compound, one of which was taken from a high place downwards, and there were faint traces of couplets on the pillars on both sides, and the breath was the same as the photo in the book, which was obviously here.
Where is it now? The school arranged two teachers to come to guide the tour, one of which was an art teacher, Zhang Yunwei, who had been fortunate to see the Yang family compound, and the school planned to build a history museum, which was designed by him. He told me that the Yang family compound was divided into upper and lower courtyards, and Shen Longzhu only painted the upper courtyard. The concrete road where we were located was outside the high walls of the upper court; on the edge of several rows of dormitory buildings was the location of the high walls of the upper house. Behind the dormitory building, there is a small garden of nearly two hundred square meters, and he pointed to the right edge: "This should be the entrance to the compound." On Shen Longzhu's picture, this entrance is a small door under a high wall.
Knowing the approximate location of the entrance and the high wall, it can be speculated that the act should be on the right behind the entrance. However, I have no idea of the ratio of the compound to today's dormitory buildings, so I cannot determine the "horizontal axis". At this time, I was reminded that in the batch of old color photos, one of them also took a picture of the teaching building next to the Yang family compound, and this teaching building was visible from the top. I'm overjoyed! Using this teaching building as a reference, it was finally deduced that the right side of the small garden was a little bit inside, which was where they took a group photo eighty-one years ago. Thanks to old photos again!
Eighty-one years ago, the location where Zhang Chong and they performed "Garden Dreams" was probably here
It's just that the wind has been blown away by the rain and the wind, and there is no trace of it.
Shen Congwen "wants to write 100,000 words"
In the Yang family compound, Zheng Yingsun took his daughter Zheng Hui and niece Zheng Deshu (Zha Fuxi wrote "Zheng Deshu", and Zheng Hui told me that "tree" should be "Shu"); Zhang Chonghe and here, there were three sisters Zhang Zhaohe, third brother-in-law Shen Congwen, nephews Shen Longzhu, Shen Huyan, and five brothers Zhang Huanhe often came. Zhang Huanhe fell in love with Zheng Hui. Zheng Hui was ill for a while, and he went to the hospital to take good care of it. It's just that Zheng Hui can't accept his feelings and secretly shed a lot of tears. When I went to see Zheng Hui, she was in her nineties, and when she talked about the past, she sighed: "Is there any way?" ”
There are also Yang Yinliu and Cao Anhe in the Yang family compound, who are cousins. More than a decade later, Yang Yinliu is a leading figure in the study of Chinese national music, and Cao Anhe is his most powerful assistant. In addition, Cha Fuxi was a leading figure in the study of the guqin, and Pan Huaisu, one of the founders of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, also came over occasionally, and he was proficient in music law. Later, in the field of new Chinese folk musicology, half of the sky gathered here. Zheng Yingsun and Peng Zhiqing would not have been the best stars if they had not been in the middle of the road.
There was also Tang Lan in the compound. Zhang Chonghe's three words of "Yunlong'an" were written by Tang Lan. Later scholars evaluated the paleography and ancient history scholars before the "Cultural Revolution", generally with the achievements of Tang Lan and Chen Mengjia as the highest. Cha Fuxi was first neighbored with Tang Lan, and then under the same roof as Chen Mengjia, which was also a strange fate.
By the way, the photo that readers are most familiar with, and zhang Chonghe's favorite, and has been hanging at home, sitting on a futon, should be taken by Cha Fuxi. The reason is very simple, at that time, on Long Street, only Chafuxi had photographic equipment, and only he could take pictures.
Zhang Chonghe at the Yunlong Nunnery in the Yang family compound. This famous photograph was most likely taken by Chafuxi
There were "more than a dozen comings and goings" in the compound. There are many scholars and musicians, and there is not only one writer, Shen Congwen. Shen Longzhu remembered that downstairs from his house, sun Fuxi's family lived. But maybe not for long.
On November 12, 1940, Cha Fuxi's family left Longjie and relocated to Longquan Town, a northern suburb of Kunming. Prior to this, Zheng Yingsun and Zhang Chonghe had left Longjie to work for the Music Education Committee of the Ministry of Education.
On September 8, 1942, Shen Congwen wrote here to tell the eldest brother: "The name of the soon-to-be-be-started "Chenggong Chronicle", writing about Chenggong for three years, must be interesting, and I also want to write 100,000 words. If this planned work is written, the above shining names will naturally be indispensable in the "100,000 words".
With these people present, the Yang Family Compound was already immortal. To retain it can be used to reminisce about the glory; if it is not retained, it will not wear away the brilliance.
Even in the beautiful years of Dragon Street, Cha Fuxi experienced the pain of losing his son. In 1939, the youngest son, Cha Yizhuo, died in Dragon Street at the age of three.
Longtou Village, Brown Leather Camp
Chenggong is in the south of Kunming, and Longquan Town is now part of Panlong District, in the northern suburbs of Kunming. From south to north, we navigated to the brown skin camp in Longquan Town, and it was more than four o'clock in the afternoon.
Eighty years ago, Longquan Town administered more than 20 villages such as Longtou Village, Brown Skin Camp, Sijiaying, and Wayao Village, because the town office was in Longtou Village, so the locals mostly referred to Longquan Town as Longtou Village. This has caused trouble for many researchers, but in fact, it is only because Longtou Village has a broad and narrow meaning. If you say "brown skin camp in Longtou Village", you use the broad sense, which means "brown skin camp in Longquan Town"; if people living in brown skin camp say that they live in Longtou Village, it is still in the broad sense.
On November 12, 1940, the Chafuxi family moved to Longquan Town because eurasian airlines were evacuated to the northern suburbs of Kunming in late October, and the head office of the headquarters was located at the Response Temple at the head of the village of Brown Piying. Chafusi originally lived in the town, opposite the town office. In the town hall, there lived an old Jewish couple, Mr. Rickison, who was the original German representative of eurasian airlines, a Sino-German joint venture. Last year, because Germany recognized the pseudo-national government in Nanjing, the Chinese government froze the company's German shares and repatriated most of its German staff. But Germany was killing Jews, and the Litchersons could not return home, so they had to stay in China and live a difficult life. In January of the following year, the Cha family moved to the brown skin camp, and the Feng Youlan family moved in, but Cha Fuxi would sometimes come to visit Litcherson.
Before Eurasian Airlines, The Response Temple was the office of the Institute of History and Linguistics and the Western Library (the research departments were distributed in Longtou Village, BrownPiying Village, Wayao Village, Baotai Mountain, etc.), and the Peking University Institute of Liberal Arts was also moved here. Behind the response temple, the cross-courtyard is the newly built shiyu institute canteen and guest house. The kiln industry in the area around Brown Skin Camp is well developed, and it is especially famous for producing pots and pans. Earlier, Zhao Chongyi, the village chief of Brown Piying Village, picked some pottery products to sell in Kunming City, and met Shi Zhangru of the Shiyu Institute, and the two talked, so they met. Later, Shi Zhangru went to Longquan Town to investigate the handicraft situation and met with Zhao Chongyi again. When the agencies began to evacuate from Kunming, Shi Zhangru suggested to Fu Sinian to go to Longquan Town. To this end, the two specially came to investigate, and then relocated, in September 1938.
At that time, Shi Zhangru took photos of the Response Temple, and later included it in his book "One Year of the Dragon Head: The Countryside in the Northern Suburbs of Kunming During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression". The response temple in the photo, under the big tree and on the shore of the river, is very quiet and secluded. It reminds me of Chuck Cheng's memories: "The brown skin camp is really beautiful... That natural scenery is rare in the world. My father often walked on the banks of the Golden Juice River, looking south at the evergreen farmland, looking up at the pines and cypresses on the hills, how could he abandon the beautiful scenery of nature and live a city life? ”
Shi Zhang's response temple, included in "The Year of the Dragon Head: The Countryside in the Northern Suburbs of Kunming During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression".
The response temple in the photo, under the big tree and on the shore of the river, is very quiet and secluded
Gumei Bookstore: Chafuxi rented Fu Si Nian's old house
Along the outer wall of the former site of the response temple, walk twenty or thirty meters to the south, and the path is divided into three forks. To the right (west), is the back wall of the village committee; to the left (east), is the residential area; forward, of course, is also a residential area, the left side of the building in front of the intersection, is the home of Zhao Lin, the son of Zhao Chongyi, the right two buildings, between the left and right, there is a small well. The wells had long since been used, without manhole covers, covered with a wooden plank and pressed with bricks.
Elder Chen cried out, "This is the well!" "This is where Fu Si Nian and Cha Fu Xi's home are!" ”
This small well is the symbol of the former residence of Fu Si Nian and Cha Fuxi
The brown skin camp village is very small, when Cha Fuxi came, there were only thirty-six peasant households, renting the new house of Zhao Chongyi, the village chief of the temple, and the so-called new house - the so-called new house, because the house had just been owned by Zhao Chongyi, and the original owner was Fu Sinian, the director of the Institute of History and Language.
Photos taken by Cha Fuxi for Zhao Chongyi's family (preserved by Zhao Lin)
The ground behind the response temple belongs to the families of Zhao Chengshun and Zhao Chongyi brothers. The canteen and guest house of the Shiyu Institute occupied Zhao Chengshun's land; the Fu Sinian family behind the canteen and guest house occupied Zhao Chongyi's land. The canteen is separated from the response temple, the Fu Si Nian house and the canteen, all across the aisle. The former aisle is about the path to the right of the intersection; the canteen is almost in the position of the building on the right, and the main house of the Fu Si Nian family is almost in the position of the building on the right side, but now the distance between the two buildings is only one meter, and the aisle in the past was not so narrow.
The designers of the Fu Si Nian family are Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin. Two rows of bungalows with walls and doors in and out. The front row (near wu's house) is taller, with four bungalows, the owner lives, the back row is shorter, three, is the kitchen, nanny room and utility room, and a toilet. There is a courtyard between the front and back rows, and there are two ancient plum plants in the courtyard, one in front and one behind, about three meters apart, both of which are the lower half of the dry circle, and the upper half is corrected, higher than the eaves. When the building of this place was first started, when it came to the stage of the beam on the vertical pillar, Shi Zhangru let Zhao Chongyi stand in front of the pillar and take a photo. Looking at the angle, it is taken from the inside out.
At the stage of the beam on the vertical pillar, Shi Zhangru let Zhao Chongyi stand in front of the pillar and took a photo (Zhao Lin saved)
The evacuation of the Shiyu Institute here is a stopgap measure. The land had to be borrowed from the villagers, and the house had to be built at its own expense, but once it was moved, the house could not be relocated. At that time, they used the method of "borrowing land to build houses", that is, the villagers lent them their own land to build houses, did not collect rent, and once they moved, the houses built on the land belonged to the landowners. At the end of 1941, the Institute of History and Language moved to Lizhuang, Sichuan. According to the agreement, Fu Sinian handed over the house to Zhao Chongyi.
Later, Zhao Lin showed me a handwritten document written by Fu Sinian, which had been in his family's collection for eighty years, written on a piece of paper with an oracle bone pattern:
Last summer, I borrowed the Zhao ChongyiJun Ancestral Base in Kunming County's Brown Leather Camp Village to build a house, with seven large and small rooms, one external toilet, and one front and back doors. At that time, it was stated that when the house was moved, the house would be given to the landlord. Hereby decides to move, and hereby gives the houses listed above to the landlord Zhao Chongyi for his eternal occupation.
Fu Si Nian ("Fu Si Nian Yin" White Text Square Seal)
Mingoku December 1, 2017
Chafuxi rented the house that Fu Si Nian had just delivered a month ago. Fu Si Nian also left some items for the new owner to use on a daily basis.
Chafuxi loves plum blossoms. The new house in Suzhou, which lived for half a year and had no time to say goodbye, called "Houmei Yinlu", is now wandering to the southwest, and it is actually opposite to two wonderful ancient plums. The Black Dragon Pond, three kilometers away from here, is famous for its "Tang Mei Song Baiming Tea", he went to see it, and felt that the so-called Tang Mei was just like this, and the two ancient plums in his own family were not necessarily worse than it. Once Zheng Tianting had lunch at his house, went to visit the Black Dragon Pond, and saw the three absolutes, which were called "false words", which was about "the hero saw a little the same".
He called his new home the "Gumei Book House".
The guests of Gumei Bookstore: Chen Mengjia Zhao Luorui and his wife, Lao She, Luo Changpei, Zheng Tianting, Zhu Ziqing...
He moved to Camp Brownskin in January 1941 and resigned from Eurasia Airways in May. Before becoming Commissioner of the Yunnan-Burma Railway Superintendent's Office at the end of the year (and then deputy director of materials at the Yunnan-Burma Highway Engineering Bureau in October of the following year), he spent more than half a year in tourism and business, which can be said to be unemployed. For more than half a year, the eldest sister, Zha Qingyun, returned to xiushui's hometown in August, and both daughters were sent to study at lianhe middle school in Lunan County, and only Cha Kecheng studied at the town center primary school in Longtou Village (and transferred to The Nanjing School in Gangtou Village in the fifth grade). The couple with one child and four main houses is a bit of a waste. Cha Fuxi recruited Chen Mengjia, an associate professor of southwest United University who had recently known each other, to live in another room. Mrs. Chen, Zhao Luorui, was born into a Christian family, and her father, Zhao Zichen, was not only a scholar but also a musician, and the piano was familiar to her from an early age. But there are no pianos here, but there are guqin and virtuoso. Zhao Luorui naturally learned the guqin from Cha Fuxi.
There is another Daqin, that is, Peng Zhiqing, who is "not separated from Meng and Meng from Jiao" with Cha Fuxi. At first, an old friend who played the piano became the county magistrate, and Peng Zhiqing followed him to become a staff member, but it didn't take long to come to Cha Fuxi and indignantly said, "He is a corrupt official!" "He is sloppy and spontaneous, there are few people to look up to, and he has been with Cha Fuxi for more than ten years, but he is still so close."
In the autumn of that year, The Gumei Bookstore also welcomed another guest, Lao She, a friend of Luo Changpei, the "Kunqu Tongmen" of Chafuxi. From the beginning of September to the beginning of October, Lao She was on Baotai Mountain behind the brown skin camp, accompanying Luo Chang to cultivate illness while writing a script. The day before the Mid-Autumn Festival (October 5), Xu Bingchang, director of the Institute of History of the Beiping Research Institute, suggested that you should bring musical instruments on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival and go rafting in Dianchi Lake. One reason for this was that "I couldn't find a friend who could play musical instruments", probably before the Mid-Autumn Festival, Lao She did not know Cha Fuxi (Xu Bingchang knew), or Cha Fuxi was not available that day. Luo Changpei's "Lao She in Yunnan" also said: "The vegetarian dishes that do not know the taste of meat in March, the clear soup that the subject's heart is like water, it is really strange and difficult for him to swallow." Fortunately, several friends who lived in the countryside took turns to 'give alms' to him, such as Zhisheng, Fuxi, Yiyi, Luorui, and Mengjia, all of whom had set up a fast for this 'wandering monk'..." In the list of five people, the Gumei Bookstore occupied three seats. They know each other and should not be out these days.
Lao She's "Short Notes on Dian Xing" is written about Gumei Bookstore:
In Longquan Village, the guqin was heard. Quite a yard, five or six bungalows. Along the wall, bushes of green bamboo. In front of the bamboo, two old plums, thin and stiff branches stretched out to the window. A giant apricot plant, shaded half of the courtyard. Under the green shade, a case counts chairs, Mr. Peng plays the piano, Mr. Cha plays the flute; then, Mr. Zha plays the big piano solo. (Quote: The word "big" here is obviously a misreading of the word "ancient".) The word "ancient" is slightly cursive, and the lower part is not sealed, which is very similar to "big". In addition, there is no "Longquan Village", only Longquan Town and Longtou Village. ）
Here, everyone has almost forgotten all the troubles of the world!
How dirty this village is, the road has not been repaired for many years, and the horse dung has not been swept away for months, but in this courtyard with the sound of the piano and the shadow of the plum, everyone's heart emits a fragrance.
Mr. Chafusi is good at ancient music. Although he and I are new acquaintances, they see each other as they always are, and his music is good and he is a good person. He sometimes writes poetry — even if he doesn't, I call him a poet!
Living with him are Mr. and Mrs. Chen Mengjia, who are now studying Oracle. His wife, who can speak several foreign Chinese, is also good at music, and is learning the guqin with Mr. Cha.
They saw it as they were. Cha Fuxi accompanied him to the Daguanlou to see Dianchi Lake, and from late October to early November, he accompanied him to Dali to play and lecture, which can be found in the "Short Notes of Dianxing". On November 10, Lao She flew back to Chongqing.
It was also during this trip to Dali that Cha Fuxi met You Guoen, a fellow from Jiangxi and a professor of Chinese literature at Huazhong University, in Xizhou Town. In the autumn of 1942, You Guoen came to the Southwest United University to teach. It was difficult to find a place to live, and it was repeatedly relocated, and the second time it was moved to the brown skin camp, which happened to be adjacent to Chafu West. Just before Chen Mengjia and Zhao Luorui moved to Li Yin Village's house in the village, Cha Fuxi saw that You Guoen was suffering from the leakage of rain in the house, so he invited him to move in and gave him two rooms, one large and one small. You Guoen wrote "Moving to Longtou Village" and "Listening to Xiushui Chafu West Drum and Piano Gift Poems", from "There is bamboo without heat", it can be seen that the time of stay was the summer of 1943 - but the summer in Kunming is not much like summer.
In Longquan Town, Cha Fuxi became everyone's friend. Those who have come to the Gumei Bookstore are at least Luo Changpei, Zheng Tianting, Zhu Ziqing, Pu Jiangqing, and Tang Yongtong. However, the two ancient plums that Chafuxi was proud of were cut down around 1960. Zhao Lin took me to the narrow open space between the two rows of houses, which is the location of "a rather large yard" written by Lao She, pointed to both sides of the aisle and said, "Right here." ”
The only image left by Gu Mei is found in a photo taken by Shi Zhangru at Fu Sinian's home, in which fu Sinian and his wife, Zheng Tianting, Wu Han and others are included. Check zheng's diary, when it was October 21, 1939: "Go down the mountain first to the response temple to pack your bags, and then go to Meng Zhen's house for lunch, eat buns, hot dumplings, absolutely beautiful." Zi Shui, Yuan Tire, and Chen Bo also came from the city and gathered together. Photograph a few frames after a meal. "In the autumn, the ancient plum is leafy.
The only image left by Gu Mei is found in a photograph taken by Shi Zhangru at Fu Sinian's home, and the second from the left is Fu Sinian (according to the "Selected Cultural Relics of Fu Sinian"). Check Zheng Tianting's diary, when it was October 21, 1939
Former residence of Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin
On the Gaode map, only one of the celebrity former residences of the Brown Leather Camp is marked, that is, the former residences of Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin. Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin did not live in the brown skin camp for a long time, but today's villagers can not know Fu Sinian and Cha Fuxi, and they will not be unaware of them. In the article, Cha Fuxi wrote about his interactions with Liang and Lin, but not much. When Liang and Lin left, the house was given to Jin Yuelin; after Jin Yuelin left, they stayed with Chen Mengjia and Zhao Luorui, who had moved out of the Chafuxi family, at about the beginning of 1943. The owner of the house, Li Yin Village, was classified as the only landlord of the brown leather camp in the 1950s, and died in 1960.
Follow the road in front of Mrs. Chen Huiying's door, walk forward for twenty or thirty meters, turn right, there is a clearing, there are many cars parked, and children play badminton here. On the right side of the open space, there was a row of red brick walls that were not high, and the three of them, Liu Jiyuan and Ding Jie, were already lying on the wall and looking inside, their faces full of excitement. This is the former residence of Liang and Lin. The door of the courtyard was locked, and a sign was hung, saying "Private property, no visit", so I had to climb the wall and look out to visit - it is said that it was only an earthen wall, and the courtyard door was not opened here. The courtyard is two rows of bungalows, sitting east to west (the "Introduction to the Former Residence of Liang Sicheng Lin Huiyin" on the wall writes "sitting west to east" is inaccurate, when the direction of the main house shall prevail). Among them, there are three main rooms, where the master lives, and there is a slightly shorter side house on the south side, which is where Jin Yuelin "lives by forest"; behind it are two auxiliary rooms. Civil structure, white wall, repainted, sloped roof on both sides, tiles are very new, said to be green tiles, but gray and brown, different shades, but also fresh and gratifying. On three sides outside the wall, surrounded by three or four-story new residential buildings, the small courtyard seems to be the place where the "relics are independent". The stories of Liang, Lin and Jin, which had a huge impact on the young me, happened here.
The introduction embedded in the wall says that this is the only place that Liang and Lin have built for themselves in their lives, but I think the significance is not limited to this. After seeing a photo before the repair, although the house is dilapidated, it can be found that the original appearance has not been damaged. In this small brown-skinned camp village, China's top cultural figures are scattered everywhere, although the pattern of the village has remained basically unchanged - the road is still the road, the house is still a residence, but almost all of it has been demolished and rebuilt more than once (the former residence of Cha Fuxi was rebuilt into a red brick house in the 1960s, and it was rebuilt into a building thirteen years ago), and the only ones who basically maintained their original appearance were this Liang and Lin Former Residence. In the early 1960s, the house was returned to the Li family for a time, and after the "Cultural Revolution" began, it was used for a long time as the office and cooperative medical room of the Baoyun Brigade, and it was not until the policy was implemented that the property rights were returned to Li Yincun's daughter. It was just that at that time, Li Yincun's daughter and family were working and living outside, and no one stayed in the brown leather camp, which explained the hint of "private property" at the door. In 2003, the house was listed as a municipal cultural security unit in Kunming and has been under the supervision of the government ever since. At present, the Panlong District Cultural Bureau has entrusted a cultural company to keep the keys here, which are not usually open to the public.
Eighty years ago, in the brown-skinned camp and its surrounding areas, there were suddenly many strange people in suits and top hats, doing strange things, and within a few years they all disappeared. This was difficult for the ordinary people living here at that time to understand; now with the passage of time, there are almost no traces except for the former residences of Liang and Lin. If the former residences of Fu Sinian, Cha Fuxi, Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, Li Fanggui and even the nearby Feng Youlan, Gu Jiegang, Wang Li and others have been preserved to the present, of course, it is very good, and it is believed that it can also benefit the lives of residents, but this must require the combination of many factors to be able to come to fruition. Otherwise, it will affect the quality of life of the residents and hinder the development of the locality, which is not only unrealistic, but also will not be what these cultural elites are willing to see. Therefore, while lamenting that "the deceased cannot be traced", I have been satisfied with the former residences of Liang and Lin that have been preserved. Personally, they settle here; culturally, they continue here. Liang Sicheng and Lin Hui could not represent all the scholars who had lived here, leaving a trace and laying the seeds of infinite possibilities.
The present and the past should be reconciled, and there are endless strands
On the morning of July 17, Xiao Ma took me to visit The Black Dragon Pond and saw Tang Mei Song Bai Ming Tea. At noon, I returned to the brown skin camp and picked up Zhao Lin to attend the sharing meeting held at Chunxiao Bookstore in the afternoon. The arrangement was meticulous, and the four guests Chen Liyan, Zhao Lin, Fan Dan, and Liu Yanzhong had their own perspectives, made wonderful speeches, and the event was an unexpected success. Together with the second sharing session held at Maitian Bookstore on the afternoon of the 18th, the trip to Kunming was almost perfect.
At the "Past Is Clear, the Flute Is Tall - Zha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe" sharing meeting held at kunming Chunxiao Bookstore
After returning on the 19th, there were two things that were quite memorable.
According to song ci and Wang Jinfan, in 2009, a bluestone well fence was dug up on the site of Jianlongquan, which is now placed on the side of the ice heart of the old residence of Molu on Mount Santai, and there are the three-character remnants of the double hook "See Longquan" of "Ding Ugly Midsummer Moon", the "□ [There] Long Zeling" three-character remnant stone of "Yiren Zhang Ming title", and a well-preserved piece of large characters entitled "Shuyu", followed by The Cloud:
The spring is far from the city Xu, sweet and clear, in disrepair, the Republic of China Ding Ugly Chun, Ping Shan Li Gong Right Marquis came to Zai WuYi, donated cranes, advocated repair is a spring. On the day of completion, the inscriptions were all over the place, and the plot was long-lasting. Yu Buwen, sincerely written into sentences, talk about the meaning of Zhihong's claws.
Yiren Li Youxian question
Ancient □ a one-line book
See Longquan Jing bar "Shuyu" Takumoto (courtesy of Mr. Song Ci)
Recently, they are working on the development of these well bars, and they are surprised to find that these can correspond to the records in "The Past is Clear, the Flute Is Tall". Because there are many springs in the Kunming area, it is said that some people think that the daily so-called "Dragon Spring" is not the one dug up twelve years ago, and now it can be confirmed by referring to the Chafuxi "Bao'ou Spring Record" "The old land spring on the outskirts of Gongxi, the county ordered Li Jun's right marquis to build a pavilion on it, and the spring well masonry is like pan, and the People of Yi are called Longquan", which can be confirmed. Li Youhou Xiu Longquan was in Ding Ugly (1937), Cha Fuxi said "spring well masonry", is these dug well bars! Zheng Yingsun, Zha Fuxi, Zhang Chong and those who had seen in the past, after disappearing for decades, how could it not be exciting for me to see them today!
Also, when Cha Fuxi saw this well bar entitled "Shuyu", he would definitely think of the Mingqin "Shuyu" that he left in his home in Suzhou and did not have time to take away. Playing the piano for most of his life, his favorite is this "gargle jade", but it was only three years before he lost it. Zhuang Jiancheng, a disciple in Suzhou, wrote to say that the Japanese soldiers used bayonets to split the "Shuyu" piano into dozens of pieces, and the golden emblem was also dug up, so he had to reply to Zhuang Jiancheng and ask Zhuang Jiancheng to keep these fragments well. But here, he saw another "Gargle". Although the use of these two words to describe the spring water is not fresh, it is enough to make him marvel at the coincidence.
In addition, it was Mei Song who learned of what I had seen at the Chenggong Confucian Temple, and involuntarily sent the volume of Wang Mengshu's old collection of "Nanlaitang Poetry Collection" to me, and asked me to try to make this book "break the mirror and regain its circle". I was very touched by his kindness, and I was worried that it would not be possible, and it would be difficult to live up to it, only to try my best and follow the fate. Three years ago, he heard that I had found an example of Wang Mengshu quoting the Collected Poems of Nanlaitang in chafu Xiwen and asked me to make a trek to remember it. Because I couldn't write a book, I drew up a few words that didn't look like it for him, but I didn't expect him to use Juanxiu's small letters to record on the paper, clip it in the book, and give it all together. Re-reading the old work, there are two sentences that still arouse the feeling:
We must not forget the love of history, relying on this and the past, and there is no end to it. Brother Qi Yuan (Mei Song Qi Yuan) is deeply in love with the old paper, and when he knows that Yu Yu's words are not false.
The excavation of the well column confirms that the past is "present and past should be harmonious"; because of a book in Wang Mengshu's old collection, the evidence that he used this book was found, which is also "present and past should be peace". Isn't the same true of the search for the ruins of Chafuxi in Kunming? As we search for historical sites over and over again, we are constantly reinforcing our memories, reminding ourselves that history is not illusory, and that life has its own meaning. In this way, the past years and characters can give us more warmth, confidence and courage. Looking back, it's probably the same.
Yan Xiaoxing
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32 open Hardcover
978-7-101-14781-0
RMB158.00
About the Author
Yan Xiaoxing, a native of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, is a scholar and media person. He is the author of "Ancient Qin Tales of the Modern Era", "Biography of Mei'an QinRen", "Jin Yongzhi Xiaolu", "Seven Strings of Ancient Meaning: Examination of Guqin History and Literature Series", etc., "Gao Luopei Chronicle", "Collection of Guqin Essays of the Republic of China", "Zhuang Jiancheng Guqin Manuscripts", etc., and edited "Shanghai Library Collection of Guqin Literature Collections and Manuscripts Banknote SchoolBook", "Palm History" Series, "Modern Qin Science Series" and so on.
[Author Mr. Yan Xiaoxing's signature] The past is clear, the piano flute high-rise - Cha Fuxi and Zhang Chonghe (all two volumes) paper cloth ridge hardcover + folding
(Co-ordinator: Lu Quan; Editor: Bai Xinhui)