In October 1927, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops to Jinggangshan and opened up the revolutionary road of "armed division of workers and peasants". After the victory of the Battle of Xincheng in February 1928, the Jinggangshan base area centered on Ninggang was initially formed.
In early January 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led nearly 800 people from the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising army from northern Guangdong to Xiangnan and held the Xiangnan Uprising.
On April 28, 1928, under the cover and support of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army led by Mao Zedong, some of the Nanchang Uprising troops led by Zhu De and Chen Yi and the Xiangnan Riot Peasant Army were safely transferred to Dajinggangshan and met with the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops led by Mao Zedong in Ninggang City.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De met cordially at longjiang academy, and then talked freely about the "Wenxing Pavilion" and discussed the grand plan of building the army and the Chinese revolution.
Since then, the names of Mao Zedong and Zhu De have been closely linked, and the team they led was called the "Zhumao Red Army".
On May 4, 1928, according to the decision of the Shonan Special Committee, the two departments of Zhumao were merged into the four armies of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army and merged into the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. On June 4, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, it was renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Zhu De, commander, Mao Zedong, party representative, and Chen Yi, director of the Political Department.
After Zhu Mao joined the division, in just four months, the Red Fourth Army won consecutive victories in the battles of Wudoujiang, Caoshi'ao, Longyuankou, Yongxin, and Huangyangjie, and broke through the enemy's "advance and suppression" and "hui suppression" five times, greatly broadening the space for the victorious development of the workers' and peasants' armed division "with Ninggang as the center," and thus entering the heyday of the Jinggangshan base area and consolidating its development.
In December 1928, peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the Red Fifth Army formed after the Pingjiang Uprising to Jinggangshan. The prestige of the revolutionary forces in Jinggangshan made the Kuomintang feel a great threat and aroused The panic and jealousy of Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek's First Committee, acting commander-in-chief of the "Xianggan General Headquarters for suppressing bandits," launched the third "meeting and suppression" against the Red Army and the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area.
In late December 1928, Lu Diping was inaugurated as the commander-in-chief of Xianggan's "Huijiao" and chairman of the Kuomintang Jiangxi Provincial Government, and immediately sent a representative, Tang Xibian, to Xiangxiang to urge He Jian to take up his post as acting commander and quickly dispatch him to "Huijiao".
After receiving a telegram from Chiang Kai-shek, He Jian began to set up a headquarters on December 26, 1928. On January 1, 1929, at the beginning of New Year's Day, the headquarters of Xianggan "Huiqu" was established in Pingxiang, Jiangxi. He Jian served as acting commander-in-chief, and Jin Handing became deputy commander-in-chief.
After the planning of the enemy in the two provinces of Xianggan and Gansu, it was determined that a total of 6 brigades and 18 regiments in the two provinces would be mobilized, and the troops would be divided into five roads to launch a "meeting suppression" in the Revolutionary Base Area of Jinggangshan:
The first road was the 21st Brigade of Li Wenbin and the 15th Brigade of Liu Shiyi, stationed in Suichuan and Ganzhou respectively, with Li Wenbin as commander;
The second road was Zhang Xingren's 35th Brigade and Zhou Hunyuan's 34th Brigade, stationed in Taihe and Yongxin, with Zhang Xingren as commander;
The third road was 3 regiments of Wang Jiejun's department in Hunan, with Lotus stationed in Jiangxi and Wang Jiejun as the commander;
The fourth road was 1 brigade of Wu Shangbu, stationed in Yanxian county and Chaling, with Wu Shang as the commander;
The fifth road was Liu Jianxu's department, stationed in Guidong, Hunan, with Liu Jianxu as the commander.
He Jian ordered all the troops to enter the designated location before January 10, and adopted the tactics of layer by layer, step by step, and finally combined attack, in an attempt to eliminate the Red Army in one fell swoop and wash away Jinggangshan in blood.
For a time, the crowd of demons dancing around the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area was fiercely killing!
At this time, the red fourth army and the red fifth army, which had just been founded, had a total strength of less than 6,000 people. The balance of forces between the enemy and us is huge!
Jinggangshan is in a hurry! The Red Army is in a hurry! On January 4, at Hengdian, at the head of Bailu Village, Bailu Township, Jinggangshan, a joint meeting of the Red Army and local parties was held to discuss countermeasures for retreating from the enemy.
Hengdian is named after the east side of The Village Road. This shop is a villager surnamed Wu, who built a hostel and grocery store in the 10th year of the Qing Dynasty after the timber business developed. This shop building is a brick and wood structure, green brick and black tile, overhanging hilltop style, horizontal house box.
Present at the joint meeting were Members Mao, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, He Changgong, Tan Zhenlin, Chen Zhengren, Yuan Wencai, and Wang Zuo, as well as the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army, the Military Commission of the Fifth Red Army, and the county committees of border counties, totaling 64 people.
On the morning of 4 July, the meeting first conveyed the resolutions of the Six CPC National Congresses, discussed and adopted the report written to the Central Committee by Member Mao on behalf of the Former Committee, that is, the "Struggle at Jinggangshan" that was later included in Mao's election.
On the afternoon of the 4th, the meeting turned to the main topic: how to deal with the third "meeting and suppression" of the enemy army in Xianggan. Commissar Mao announced that Zhu De would report on the current military. Zhu De took out a small book, gave a detailed description according to the enemy situation collected from all sides, and finally said: "The enemy in the two provinces dispatched 18 regiments, let alone 30,000 horses, and we only had a total of 5,000 people and guns. There is a way that everyone collects firewood and the flame is high, so let's come up with an idea. ”
In the course of the ensuing heated discussion, two propositions were formed.
One view is that the Terrain of Jinggang Mountain is steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the Red Army should rise up to meet the battle and use the mountain danger to repel the enemy. Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo, Wu Zhonghao, Wan Xixian, and others showed great confidence and determination in this regard.
Another view is that Jinggangshan is located in a narrow area between the Xiang River and the Ganjiang River, and that the two major rivers in the east and west cannot be crossed in vain, that it is difficult to develop in the north-south direction, and that there is no room for maneuver in the military, so we must not blindly cling to the strong enemy, and if we do not do well, we will lose our old roots. The Red Army should jump outside the mountain to avoid fighting the enemy, and with a circling strategy, play circles in the cities and counties around Jinggangshan.
The two propositions, each with its own opinions and not giving in to each other, were debated until dark.
The discussion continued the next day. Outside Hengdian, the cold wind is cold, rain and snow are flickering; inside Hengdian, the atmosphere is active and the debate is fierce.
Peng Dehuai, commander of the Fifth Red Army, who has not spoken for a long time, raised his voice in the face of a controversy and said: "The front committee must have considered such a big strategic principle, and I don't know what kind of plan it is, so please ask Comrade Zedong to talk about it." ”
Peng Dehuai
Everyone quieted down and turned their attention to Commissar Mao.
Member Mao stood up slowly, propped his right hand around his waist, and waved his left hand forward vigorously, saying: At present, the enemy is five or six times stronger than us, and he is well-equipped, showing great determination, and the momentum is not fierce. In addition, the cold winter season has arrived, and our army's materials are scarce, and although it has the assistance of the masses, it is difficult to win. Sticking to it will undoubtedly lead to failure.
Member Mao's words turned sharply: However, it is not okay to jump outside the mountain and circle around, which is equivalent to throwing away Jinggang Mountain. We have been operating here for more than a year, and we have established the regime in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, and this place where the foundation of the revolution must not be lost!
In the face of everyone's doubts, Member Mao confidently said:
We must have an active strategy, we must not be passive, we must exploit the enemy's 'loopholes', that is, the enemy is coming from this side, we will fight out from that side, detour behind the enemy, make the enemy tired of coping, and destroy the enemy's living forces on the outside line. At the same time, contain the enemy attacking Jinggangshan. This kind of strategy, which has existed in ancient times, is called "encircling Wei and saving Zhao", and sun tzu's art of war and the thirty-six plans all have this plan, and this is the strategy we have adopted.
A bit of analysis by Member Mao made the two sides of the controversy suddenly realize that Mao Sai was enlightened.
At this time, two questions were raised: "We have to defend the mountain and fight out, who will guard the mountain?" Where to hit out? The front committee considered a lot. ”
Commissioner Mao replied, "It is incumbent upon the Thirty-second Regiment to be familiar with the terrain. In addition, they have not consulted with the comrades of the Fifth Army, let them also stay, and guard Jinggangshan with the people on the border. ”
As soon as the words fell out, Deng Ping, chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army, immediately stood up and raised an objection: "We in the Fifth Army do not agree to stay. The Fifth Army has only been on Jinggangshan for 40 days, and it is not familiar with all aspects, and there are only more than 800 people, and the enemy has more than 30,000 soldiers and horses, how can it hold such a large Jinggangshan? ”
Li Can and He Guozhong, commanders of the Fifth Red Army, also spoke immediately afterward, supporting Deng Ping's views.
The venue fell silent. Everyone's eyes invariably turned to Peng Dehuai, commander of the Fifth Red Army, only to see him say firmly: "We obey the decision!" The Fourth Army and the Fifth Army play a game of chess. ”
Teng Daiyuan, a party representative of the Fifth Red Army, then expressed his position: "At the moment of the great enemy, the five armed forces should unconditionally obey the front committee!" ”
At the moment of crisis, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan resolutely undertook the arduous task of guarding Jinggangshan, which made Member Mao feel quite pleased.
So, where is the direction of the main force of the Red Fourth Army after going down jinggangshan? Member Mao analyzed: "The border between Xiang'e, Hubei, and Gansu cannot be taken, and it is too close to the central cities of Wuhan and Changsha; nor can shonan go; the enemy's forces in Hunan are too strong, and the mass base has also been greatly damaged." ”
Finally, he locked the direction of the attack on Gannan and pulled his fingers to analyze the strands:
"It is appropriate to go to Gannan. First, Gannan has a vast territory, most of the mountainous areas, and is far away from the big cities, and the enemy is beyond the reach of the whip; second, Gannan has abundant products and is convenient for solving economic problems; third, Gannan has a thin army and is easier to fight than the Hunan enemy; fourth, there is a Red Second and Fourth Regiments in the east, which can play a role in military countermeasures. ”
Committee member Mao had a strange plan in his belly, broadened his horizons, and swept in analytically, so that the participants could identify with and admire them from the bottom of their hearts.
The Bailu meeting was held from January 4 to 7, the atmosphere of the meeting was democratic, the debate was fierce, and finally a resolution was formed, unanimously endorsing the "offensive defense" strategy proposed by Member Mao to combine internal and external operations, and implementing the strategy of "encircling Wei and saving Zhao" . This meeting is an example of democratic centralism.
At the meeting, Committee member Mao vigorously agreed on a strange plan, which initially showed the great talent and strategy of a great military man.
The Blüconds was a meeting of the Red Army at a critical juncture of the revolution, at which the wise decisions made by Commissar Mao guided the Red Army on a path of victory full of light.
If the main force of the Red Army did not take the initiative to withdraw from Jinggangshan, under the very dangerous situation at that time, the consequences would be unimaginable.
From January 10, the main forces of the Red Fourth Army began to assemble in Ciping and Xiaoxingzhou to carry out political mobilization, organize military training, and arrange attack routes and sequences.
On January 14, the main force of the Red Fourth Army of more than 3,600 people, under the leadership of Mao Anderson and Zhu De, set out from Xiaoxingzhou in Ciping in two ways and attacked Gannan in the snow.
Zhu Mao led the main force of the Red Fourth Army to break through from Jinggangshan and attack Gannan, which not only brought the armed struggle in southwest Jiangxi and western Fujian into a new stage of development, but also brought the revolutionary armed struggle and the building of the people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China into a new stage of development.
Looking at the history of the Chinese revolution, we can clearly see that only with Zhu Mao leading the main force of the Red Fourth Army down the mountain was the formation and development of the base areas in southern Gannan and western Fujian, and only then was the opening up and establishment of the central revolutionary base areas centered on Ruijin in the future.
Therefore, people praised: Mao Zedong is great when he goes up the mountain, and he is great when he goes down!