From the beginning of Zhu Di's move to the capital Beiping to the present, there are some people who are very dissatisfied with his move. They believe that moving the capital from Nanjing to Beiping is an economically unwise behavior and puts great pressure on people's livelihood. In particular, the people in the Jiangnan region have a heavy burden, and most of the grain in Beiping has to be transported from the south of the river. Beginners in the late Ming and Qing dynasties, including Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, also criticized this.
However, as scholars of the time, their views were somewhat narrow. Later scholars and some friends today are too much influenced by the introverted Thinking Confucianism after the Northern Song Dynasty. Emperors like Zhu Di, who have the heart of the world, they will never understand.
Because they couldn't understand Zhu Di, they had to speculate about Ming Chengzu in their own minds.
For example, Zheng He was sent south to the West in search of Emperor Jianwen.
Another example is the move to the capital of Beiping because of fear of being assassinated and so on.
The fundamental reason why Nanjing is not suitable for being a capital city is unlucky, so why not be unlucky
In fact, if Zhu Di was afraid of wolves and tigers, he would not rebel under the weakness. Taking the relocation of the capital beiping as an example, there are five major advantages to moving the capital to Beiping, and there is a major deficiency in taking Nanjing as the capital division. This deficiency made Zhu Yuanzhang also have a hard time sleeping. Zhu Yuanzhang did not want to build a capital in Nanjing from the time he was the imperial capital until his death. Otherwise, Zhu Biao would not have gone to Xi'an to inspect the construction of the capital before his death.
The reason why Nanjing is not suitable for being a capital is that it is a meeting place for short-lived regimes and partial security regimes, and no unified dynasty has built a capital here. For the ancients, this was a very inauspicious thing. Zhu Di has always refused to use it as a beijing division, and after becoming a beijing division, he still considers the issue of moving the capital. It was not until Zhu Biao's death in 1392 that Zhu Yuanzhang began to calm down in order to cultivate the next generation, feel sad, be old and many other reasons.
Why is Nanjing a short-lived or peaceful regime?
One is the regime that was defeated and ran away. They are often controlled by the Southern elite, do not want to be unified, do not want to delay their lives for the sake of the North;
Second, the rulers of the regime in Nanjing, because the economic environment in the Jiangnan region is better, the rulers are very attractive to pleasure and corruption. Zhu Yuanzhang said that the emperor of feudal society could not enjoy too much pleasure, otherwise he would be overthrown. Therefore, the Hongwu Emperor was very industrious in his work, and had the reputation of "Chicken Singing Heavenly Son", which means that he worked early.
Compared with Nanjing, there are five advantages to building a capital in Beiping.
The biggest disadvantage to the construction of the capital in Beiping is basically that the Jiangnan region is heavier in taxes, but nothing major has happened in the five hundred years of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It can be seen that the impact of this problem on national security is not important. It is certain that taxes and harshness are levied on the people, but compared with its five major benefits, this problem is not a problem.
first:
The capital is Beiping, yes
Bridge the North-South economy
target
gap
A country cannot only have a region with good economic development, then you simply want Jiangnan to get it. Therefore, the North must develop. There is a capital city in the north, and as soon as the political center enters, it will inevitably drive the population and economy, and this economic radiation has a great role.
second:
Bridging the people of the North and the South
contradiction
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, extreme ethnic thoughts rose up, although there was no National thinking such as Han and Mongolian at that time, but there was a traditional distinction between Han and Mongolians. The north has long been under the rule of ethnic minorities, from Liao to Jin to Yuan, for four or five hundred years.
Therefore, many people, including Zhu Yuanzhang, have the mentality of contempt for northerners. If this problem is not solved, the country will not be stable. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang dealt with this problem in his later years. Zhu Yuanzhang's slaughter of the southern examiner in the Bloody Case of the Southern and Northern Lists is a manifestation, but Zhu Di's relocation of the capital is the most direct and effective weapon.
third:
Prevent the Ming Dynasty from becoming the Northern Song Dynasty
The economic center is in the south, and because of historical reasons, southerners look down on the north, and over time they should pay less and less attention to the north.
In order to "get rid of" the burden, Ming Xuanzong gave up most of the northeast, and almost all of the Southeast Asian continent gave up. If the capital city does not
at
Beijing, it is clear that Peiping will also become a burden, and both the Liaodong Peninsula and the Beijing-Tianjin region may be abandoned.
What is the difference between this and the Northern Song Dynasty? What is more serious is that even if the capital is moved to Beiping, for some people, they are still not satisfied.
For example, Xu Youzhen, who advocated the change of Emperor Ming's Tumu Fort again, even almost turned the Ming Dynasty into the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fourth: The relocation of the capital to Peiping, far from the source of the spirit of "annihilation of the country", is actually a good thing
The shortcomings of the Southern Song Dynasty were that it was easy to cause problems such as pleasure and corruption, and Zhu Yuanzhang was so ruthless about corruption, but the problem still could not be solved, because the Jiangnan region, as a relatively wealthy region at that time, all kinds of nobles had deep interest entanglements. Zhu Yuanzhang could not clean up all the officials no matter how fierce, so the corrosion of the Jiangnan region was very serious.
Beiping Jiandu is bound to push up the economy of the local and even the northern directly subordinate areas, but because of the unique regional psychology of the north and the habits and economic development of the people, the intensity and speed of this corrosion are much different. It can be said that until the Hongzhi period, the "commercial thinking" of the location of the Beijing Division was still insufficient in the Jiangnan region, and the degree of officials being coerced by the economy was much lower.
Fifth: Moving the capital to Beiping is conducive to defending the existing territory.
This is the benefit that has been said at that time and for four or five hundred years now, and it will not be repeated here. As people say, "the son of heaven guards the gate of the country" and the emperor deals with the strong enemy in the north on the front line, which in itself represents an attitude, and it is of great benefit to the entire south to protect the north and then let the south develop its economy with peace of mind. This economic propulsion value alone is much greater than the value of the burden of transporting food.
To sum up, the benefits of moving the capital to Beiping are obviously many, and governing the country in Nanjing is easy to be contaminated with the atmosphere of hedonism and corruption, the sour and corrupt Confucian style, and it is also easy to have contempt for the north.