Zhang Wei, Professor of China Agricultural University: "Zhang Shengli's Chinese Philosophical Thought" 9th Review:

First, although the ninth edition is already a transcript, my review continues as usual for the following reasons:

1, in order to learn, it is necessary to understand the internal logical relationship of the content;

2, the second is to explain, according to their own understanding and experience, to be "supplemented explanation";

3, for the sake of discussion, some content from different angles to put forward some issues to discuss;

Second, philosophy is of great importance to a nation, to a people, not to be dispensable. Hegel once said: "If a country (nation) has no metaphysical things, it is equivalent to building a splendid monastery, but there is no worship of the most gods in the monastery." What's the use of that? ”

Third, Wang Yangming pioneered the study of the mind (conscience theory), which developed into several schools later.

1, one is nihilism, mainly popular in the upper class.

2, the other is the daily school, that is, the daily behavior is regarded as the morality of the saints, mainly circulated to the lower figures.

3, there is also a return to silence, trying to maintain the doctrine of conscience.

4, because society does not have a stable unified public opinion and moral outlook, social concepts are torn apart, and the whole society falls into a state of chaos; it leads to the erosion of the entire social atmosphere, the lack of enterprising, indulgence, and so on;

Fourth, at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the practical theory began to rise widely, and the Yangming doctrine further declined;

Fifth, Zhang Wei has the following comments on the above content:

1, the discussion of philosophical issues can not be separated from the social background of the time. For example, when we talk about "Song Ming Theory", there is a Great Yuan Empire separated by more than 200 years; what a backward ethnic minority should be on the reality that "advanced Han theory" is to the reality that the Han people "subjugated the country and exterminated the species"!

2, further on, four hundred years of the Song Dynasty, the Han regime was gradually defeated under the oppression of ethnic minorities in the north, Yue Fei, the Yang family will be a portrayal of the social situation at that time;

3. Discussing the Yangming Xinxue and the tendency of "pragmatism" in Chinese philosophical thought, it cannot but be said that the reality of the Han "subjugation of the country and the extinction of the species" has influenced Chinese philosophical thought;

4, the Ming generation's "power rule, its harshness far exceeds that of the Song Dynasty, even if such a "warrior" as Wu Sangui has become a "traitor and rebel general", you can imagine the helplessness of intellectuals;

In the face of cruel social reality, whether to guard one's own philosophical bottom line or "save one's life" (pragmatism), the choice is obvious;

5, after all, Chinese intellectuals have long known that "the people are the most important, and the society is secondary." The king is light..." The court has no virtue, corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and the military generals are defeated... How can the monarch and the intellectuals (including philosophers) who serve the monarch blame the legitimacy of the "change of dynasty"?

6, philosophy is important, after all, is the superstructure; it is necessary to understand the dialectical relationship between philosophy and society; "Theory is gray, and the tree of life is evergreen." "In a sense it is true;

Sixth, from the philosophy of ancient China, what is the philosophical spirit of the Chinese nation?

1, "big", the height of our philosophical thinking station, is definitely not a small pattern, it must be a Chinese philosophy produced under such a big pattern as "Liao Tianyi".

2, the Chinese nation is a nation that is constantly striving for self-improvement, and Chinese philosophical scholars are self-reliant. "Dare to be the first in the world" is also the embodiment of this spirit;

3, Chinese philosophy must be honest in the hearts of the people, "the people's hearts are right, the country is determined." The human heart, human nature is the first issue to be considered by the Chinese philosophical spirit, and it is also the purpose of philosophical existence, that is, philosophical criticism, philosophy transforms society, and transforms the human heart.

4, dialectical thinking occupies an important position in the spirit of Chinese philosophy.

Seventh, the most important thing is Chinese heart. You see that "being far away from the rivers and lakes" and "living in the height of the temple" are all beyond the heart of the self. Transcending the self is an important core of philosophy.

Eighth, a person by making himself strong in his heart, allowing himself to stand up, to conquer nature, to adapt to nature. No matter how the society changes, the society is developing and the times are changing, but the human heart, human nature will not change, and the spirit of pursuing the road will not change.

Ninth, for the eighth point above, there are some elements that need to be refined, and my opinion is as follows:

1, needless to say, society is divided into different "classes";

2, at least divided into ordinary people, intellectuals, rulers;

3, there is only a specific human nature, there is no absolute unity of human nature;

4, for example, it can be said that the vast majority of "intellectuals" are "worried about the people when the temple is high, and worried about the king when they are far away";

5, for ordinary people, it is much simpler, such as "wisdom to take the birthday class", such as "for the heavenly path" is the reasonableness of the natural righteousness...

6, among these "rebels" there are also "small intellectuals", such as Huang Chao, Hong Xiuquan, and a new generation of old revolutionaries who "combine with workers and peasants";

7, since it is a rebellion, then there is no such thing as "traditional" truth and justice, there must be "philosophers" who "create a new philosophical theoretical system, if this rebellion is in line with historical development, this new theoretical system must also be great and of historical significance;

8, the above content is a thick line of analysis, not a rigorous academic paper, all readers must understand!

Kudos to the director!