A holiday, also known as a "public holiday", refers to the time when the law stipulates or agrees to conclude in accordance with the law that must be rested at a certain time for each working time. To say the two sentences that office workers like to hear the most: one is "give you a salary increase" and the other is "tomorrow is a holiday".
However, when it comes to vacation here, it is definitely a major pain point for modern workplace people, although "five days off and two days off" is a regulation, but it is not a mandatory requirement, everything must be according to the boss, and overtime has become the norm in society. Can the pain of modern people, I wonder if the ancients thousands of years ago, can feel it? In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Sanping's "Examination of Ancient and Modern Things" wrote: "Xiu Mu began in Han, and its tenth rest began in Tang Ye."
At that time, it was not called vacation, called "rest". It is said that during the Qin and Han dynasties, people formed the habit of washing their hair once every three days and bathing once every five days. The imperial court, on the other hand, set a five-day holiday according to this custom for officials to return home to bathe and rest. But have you ever seen a vacation done in business?
There are really such examples as early as the Western Han Dynasty. In the Book of Han, there was such a record: During the Han Dynasty, the people who served as Su Wei Lang had the duty of guarding the palace, and they were stationed at their posts for many years and could never leave their posts without authorization. Vacation has become one of the scarce benefits, but this resource has become a way to make profits through the management of people with hearts.
There are often Su Weilang, who are rich in wealth, rely on some money to obtain the opportunity to play out of the palace. Some "rich people" can even buy holidays every day and travel every day. Those who are shy in their pockets and have a clean wind in their sleeves are "not allowed to bathe for more than a year", and it is difficult to have a day of rest. In order to suppress such corrupt behavior, Yang Yun, the supervisor of Su Weilang at this time, personally proposed to rectify the discipline.
No matter who they are, no matter what kind of leave they take, they must do things according to the rules, and in the matter of vacation, everyone is equal, so that the atmosphere of buying fakes can be eliminated. However, in only two hundred years, the system of rest established by Yang Yun lost its binding force.
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, in addition to a five-day break, there were also provincial family leave, rotating leave, and even the completion leave after the completion of large buildings. However, at that time, the world advocated metaphysics and pure talk, and advocated that mundane things were not self-conscious. Although the five-day-one-day-off system has not changed, it is not too binding. Officials are not attentive to official affairs, and even then, no one will criticize them, but will be praised.
And some scholars and celebrities are even more "follow the heart", if they want to take a break. A typical figure such as Zhou Yan, a person from Runan, entered the dynasty as an official for many years, and later, he was an extremely popular subject, witnessing the decline of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the transformation from the Western Jin Dynasty. However, he was often drunk, and it was not uncommon for him not to wake up for three days in big dreams, and he won the title of "three-day servant".
However, such a "non-conscientious person" and few sober people can rely on their seniority in the DPRK for many years to set an example for the government and the opposition, and even become famous for their yawang. Another example is Wang Rong in the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", who is in charge of Situ and ranks third duke, but often abandons his official duties and gives them to his subordinates, "riding a pony and traveling from the side door". For them, it doesn't matter whether they take a five-day break or a ten-day break.
If they are strictly managed according to the system, they can really do the thing of "not bending their waists for five degrees of rice" and abandoning the seal. Those who specialize in public office are often ridiculed, just as Gan Bao said: "Those who are officials are high in the sky, but laugh and be diligent."
This situation was not reversed until the unification of the Sui and Tang dynasties. Different from the previous dynasty, the Tang Dynasty changed the system of rest that had been used for more than 800 years to a ten-day rest, also known as "ten days off". The specific time of The Rest is set for the tenth, twentieth, and last day of each month. Each day corresponds to be called "Shanghuan", "Zhonghuan", "Xiahuan", and has 36 days of holiday throughout the year.
Known as the prosperous Tang Dynasty, officials had such a hard time? Of course not. Because of the implementation of the rotation system, officials no longer have to live in the official office every day, but go home for the night under the condition of rotation, so that there is naturally more time to reunite with their families. Moreover, the day of rest seems to be half less than the previous dynasty, that is because there is no mention of the many holidays outside the day of rest.
Compiled by Zhang Jiuling, Zhang Shuo, and others, the Sixth Code of Tang, as the earliest surviving administrative code in China, among them, there are provisions on the holiday system for officials of the Tang Dynasty: "Internal and external officials ... It is said that the first day and the winter solstice are given seven days of holiday, and the cold food is clear and clear for four days... May gives field leave, September gives clothing leave, for twice, fifteen days each..."
In the Tang Dynasty, there are as many as 27 folk festivals and holidays seen in historical records, combined with the records of the "Six Classics of Tang", there are 47 days of holidays every year. Not only that, but the incumbent officials were also granted 15 days of field leave to take care of the family's farm work, and 15 days of clothing leave to prepare for the autumn harvest and winter clothes. In total, officials can take 113 days of leave a year.
The above is only the number of holiday days that officials can take according to the regulations, and with the change of emperors, the holidays of Tang Dynasty officials are still extending.
For example, the Qingming holiday was stipulated to be four days, but by the time of Emperor Tang, it was changed to five days, and after that, during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, it was extended to seven days. The emperors of the Tang Dynasty all regarded themselves as descendants of Lao Tzu, and since the fifth year of Xuanzong Tianbao, Laozi's birthday has also been set as a holiday. And Xuanzong's own birthday was set as the "Thousand Autumn Festival", and the states took three days off, feasting and rejoicing.
Later, although it was abolished, it became customary for the emperor to set up a holiday on the day of his birthday. It was not abolished until the late Tang Dynasty. In addition, the emperor did not go on the holiday of the emperor - "quitting the dynasty holiday"; the weather was bad, it was difficult for officials to take a holiday; there were visions in the sky, such as the eclipse; important officials, relatives of the emperor and the state, had to take a holiday; moreover, according to the importance of the deceased, it was decided to take a few days off. As little as one day, as much as 13 days.
In short, the Officials of the Tang Dynasty were still happy, and it could be said that the holidays were continuous!
Resources:
【Examination of Ancient and Modern Things", "Book of Han", "Six Classics of Tang"】