Qing Dynasty chivalrous justice case novels are unique, Lu Xun commented on "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness"

Since the Ming Dynasty, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "Golden Plum Bottle", known as the "Four Strange Books", have once flourished. In the Qing Dynasty, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber" came out and became popular in the world. However, as Lu Xun pointed out: "The times have changed repeatedly, people's feelings are different from the past, and they are slightly tired of it for a long time, and they are gradually born and flow", so chivalrous novels can stand out and be different. This kind of chivalrous novel, which is intended to praise the brave and the heroic, but does not betray the loyalty, is welcomed by the small people and the ruler is also willing to use. The chivalrous novels of the Qing Dynasty were often linked together with the stories of public cases to form chivalrous and public case novels. Each such novel is mainly based on a qing official in history, supplemented by some chivalrous guests with extraordinary martial arts, and is perfunctory to each other. For example, Bao Zheng in "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", Shi Shilun in "Shi Gong Case" (novel shi Shilun), and Peng Peng in "Peng Gong Case" (novel as Peng Peng) are quite famous in history. In order for these Qing officials to be able to successfully accomplish great things, they naturally need the help of some chivalrous guests, and Nanxia Zhan Zhao, who is highly skilled in martial arts, is naturally the best helper. Lu Xun said in his commentary on the book "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness": "Although all such works are intended to be composed of heroic warriors, marching villages and cities, and eliminating violence in an excellent way, and doing meritorious service to the state, they must take a minister and a great official as the center and lead all the heroes and heroes. He also said: "The heroes in the chivalrous novels, in every extremely rough and arrogant folk, have a great habit of green forests, and will eventually be a pawn of a large number of officials, for the order to run away as a favor, this cover is not pleasing to the heart, and it is not happy to do it when it is a servant." These two paragraphs are very general, profoundly revealing that the ancient chivalrous guests have both the "chivalrous" side and the "servile" side. Similar chivalrous justice novels are mostly inseparable from this formula.

Wen Kang's "Biography of Children's Heroes", also known as "Golden Jade Edge" and "Chivalrous Wonderland". In the book, it is written that the heroine He Yufeng, born into a famous family, was both wise and courageous, because her father was killed by the powerful minister Ji Xiantang (Hidden Shooting Nian TangYao), she had to follow her mother to avoid living in the mountains and forests, waiting for the opportunity to take revenge. She changed her name to ThirteenThird Sister, befriended Haojie, and haunted the city. Occasionally on the way, he encountered An Ji, who was running to save his father, and resolutely drew his sword to help him, rescued him from difficulties, and said that Zhang Jinfeng, a weak daughter who was rescued during the contract, married him. Interspersed with stories of her heroic deeds and righteousness, punishing evil and adultery, it is quite moving. Later, Ji Xiantang was cursed by the imperial court, and although the thirteenth sister did not hand blade the enemy, but the father's revenge had been repaid, and the mother died, she wanted to become a nun, and finally was persuaded by everyone to marry An Ji. He Yufeng and Zhang Jinfeng worked together as a husband and wife, and they were as good as sisters, so the book was originally named "Golden Jade Edge". The first half of this book writes that the image of the thirteenth sister walking in the rivers and lakes is quite wonderful, and the second half writes that she returned to the boudoir and helped her husband to struggle for fame, but she was indifferent and had nothing to see.

Shi Yukun's "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", originally titled "The Legend of the Heroic Heroes". At the beginning of the book, when Emperor Zhenzong of Song was written, Liu and Li were pregnant, and Concubine Liu competed for favors, and with the palace supervisor Guo Huaishi "Tanuki Cat for Prince" plan, framed Li Concubine; Bao Zheng used his loyal and righteous behavior to impress the heroes, so the "three heroes" such as Nanxia Zhan zhao, Ouyang Chun, double heroes Ding Zhaolan, and Ding Zhaohui, as well as the "five righteousnesses" such as Lu Fang, the che gopher Han Zhang, the mountain rat Xu Qing, the river rat Jiang Ping, and the Jinmao rat Bai Yutang, successively surrendered to the post, and the people were in Da'an. This story of the three heroes, the five righteous hoes to help the weak, and the exorcism of adultery and violence is written with vitality. At that time, books such as "Dream of the Red Chamber" were dedicated to tenderness, "Journey to the West" was a school, and it was also dedicated to monsters, and "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" was unique in addition to tenderness and monsters, specializing in chivalry, which was refreshing and popular. Lu Xun once praised Xu: "The "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" is written for the people of the city, but it seems to have the afterglow of "Water Margin". "As for the construction of the incident, it is quite hurtful and weak, and he is unique in writing Kusano Haojie, who has a god, and occasionally lining the world, mixing with humor, and always making Mangfu extraordinarily colorful." At the time of the world, the party is full of strange sayings, fat powder talk, and this is slightly known for its rough and arrogant, and it also appears in the saying department. It is precisely because "writing Kusano Haojie, Yi Yi yi has a god", so the heroes and heroes in chivalrous justice novels can often leave a deep impression on readers, which is beyond the reach of the qing officials who are famous ministers and officials. The book "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", which clearly has the title of "chivalry", is a great praise for this kind of righteous warrior. The word "hero" in the "Biography of a Child Hero" is also the meaning of praise for this kind of righteous warrior.

Yu Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, was very appreciative of the "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", but thought that the opening paragraph of "Tanuki Cat for Prince" was absurd, so he "aided the historical legend and corrected the saying" and rewrote the first time. And because the Southern Xia, the Northern Xia, and the Two Heroes are actually four heroes, which cannot be tolerated by the Three Heroes, they added the Little Heroes Ai Hu, the Black Demon Fox Zhihua and the Little Zhuge Shen Zhongyuan, a total of seven heroes, and changed the name of the book to "Seven Heroes and Five Righteousness", which was parallel to the original book, especially between Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

"Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" is written to Bai Yutang alone to chong Xiao Lou to steal the rebel party alliance book of the King of Xiangyang, accidentally fell into the copper net array and died, and ended when the group went to Xiangyang together. Later, there are "Xiao Wuyi" and "Continuation of Xiao Wuyi", and the preface says that the two books are "all the original manuscripts of Shi Yukun, and they are his disciples", which are the first, middle and lower three parts together with the "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness". "Little Wuyi" continues to write about the rebellion of the King of Xiangyang, at this time the group is old, and the descendants have succeeded, Lu Zhen, the son of Lu Fang, Han Tianjin, the son of Han Zhang, Xu Liang, the son of Xu Qing, and Bai Yunsheng, the nephew of Bai Yutang, and the little hero Ai Hu are brothers, known as "Little Wuyi". The five of them walked the rivers and lakes, cursed the treachery and eliminated the hegemony, and later gathered together in Wuchang to break the copper net array, and the array was not broken but the book stopped. "Continuing The Five Righteousness of the Little One" closely follows the previous book, writing that the heroes broke through the copper net array, and the king of Xiangyang fled. Qunhao continued to perform heroic deeds in the rivers and lakes, and cursed thieves. Later, the king of Xiangyang was captured, the son of heaven discussed the merits, and the heroes were rewarded, so the whole book ended. When commenting on these two sequels, Lu Xun said: "Although the two books of Yun are all old books of Shi Yukun, and compared with the upper part (referring to the "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness"), the central absurdity rate is very deep and slightly thin, because it is suspected that the grass was created or produced by one person, and the editing was by the hands of the public, and its tricks were clumsy, so the differences were continued. "There is a lot of truth in what is being said.

"Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and "Biography of Children's Heroes", one for the storyteller Shi Yukun base, the other for Wen Kang to propose to tell the book kiss, the language is vivid and lively, the writing is popular and fluent, the painting sound is like a thing, and it is extremely ingenious. Therefore, Lu Xun said: "It is a chivalrous novel in the Qing Dynasty, which is receiving the correct pulse of the Song people's words, and has established the history of civilian literature for more than 700 years and has revived it." ""Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and its sequels, the storyline is complex and changeable, often in a big story with many small stories, a wave of uneven, a wave of rises, clouds and mountains, stretching for thousands of miles, can attract the reader's interest. The greatest contribution of the Chivalrous novels of the Qing Dynasty is to portray Kusano Haojie, creating a series of characters with personalities, such as Bai Yutang, Ouyang Chun, Zhan Zhao, Jiang Ping, Zhihua, Ai Hu, Xu Liang, and the thirteen sisters who are heroes with their children, all of which have their own style and become their own faces. In particular, the Golden Wool Rat Bai Yutang, who is highly skilled in martial arts but proud and competitive, has been the most successfully molded.

Qing Dynasty chivalrous novels, because of their intention to portray Kusano Haojie, are very delicate and wonderful when depicting martial arts fights, and have a strong appeal, which is a big step forward from the Song dynasty script and the Ming novel. For example, the thirteenth sister in "The Biography of the Children's Heroes", who moved more than 200 pounds of stone in the Yuelai Shop and swept away the evil monks at Nengren Temple, wrote very vividly and interestingly. There are more such descriptions in "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", such as Bai Yutang's night raid on Zhan Zhao in Kaifeng Province, which is extremely well written:

...... Just listen to the snap, and another thing hit the fan. Zhan Ye opened the fan and went out with a strong body, only to feel a cold wind in front of him, and it was a knife. Zhan Ye flattened his sword upwards and followed the move. Looking closely under the starlight, I saw that the person wearing a blue night-time suit was leaning against, and his feet were smart, and he was vaguely the same person he had seen in the Miao family before.

The two did not speak, but listened to the sound of swords, clanging and clanging. Zhan Ye was only overwhelmed and did not fight back. Seeing that his knife was tight, the doorway was exquisite, and Nanxia secretly applauded. Then he thought, "This friend doesn't know where to go." I let you, I won't hurt you, so why kill you all? Am I still afraid that you won't make it? He thought to himself, "Let him know and know." He took the sword sideways, waited for the knife to approach, used a "crane long air" momentum, slashed upwards with force, and only listened to the sound of the snort, the man's knife had been divided into two sections, and he did not dare to make progress. Only to see that he had already ascended to the wall, zhan ye jumped and followed; but the man went to the ear room, and zhan ye jumped up; and when he reached the ear room, the man went up to the lobby room; Zhan Ye rushed to the lobby room, and the man fell over the ridge. Zhan Ye did not dare to be urgent, afraid of a dark weapon, but he took a few steps back. Just as I was about to cross the ridge from this side, I caught a glimpse of a red light in front of me, said "not good", lowered my head, just dodged the front door, but knocked off the turban. The thing landed on the room, grunting and rolling down—it was a stone.

This passage of two males fighting each other, written specifically and delicately, wonderful and moving: there are swords and swords, there are hidden weapon attacks, there are moves to compete, there are light skills, it is really ups and downs, swaying and colorful, and it has laid a good foundation for the intention of writing a long martial arts novel in which the jianghu warriors and green forest Heroes compete for the hero.

Because the storyline of the chivalrous novel is twisted and bizarre, and the characters are rough and cute, they have won a large number of readers. Such chivalrous novels appeared in large numbers at that time, in addition to the above-mentioned ones, there were also "Seven Swords and Thirteen Heroes", "Seven Swords and Eighteen Righteousness", "Hero Great Eight Righteousness", "Hero Little Eight Righteousness", "Yongqing Shengping", "Holy Dynasty Peak Evergreen" and "Liu Gong Case", "Li Gong Case" and so on. Most of these novels are inseparable from Lu Xun's formula of "taking a huge official as the center and leading all the heroes and handsome people in general" and "eliminating violence in peace and doing meritorious service for the state", and propagating the feudal thinking that "the good will be blessed, the evil will always be in trouble, the evil will be killed, and the righteous will eventually meet jipi, the retribution is clear, and the manifestation is not happy" ("Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and "Yongqing Shengping" Preface). Because the text expression and character shaping are not successful enough, the achievements and influences are far less huge than in "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness".

In the Qing Dynasty, where a large number of chivalrous novels were produced, there was also a copy of "Dang Kou Zhi" that sang against the "Water Margin". This book, also known as "Jieshui Margin", contains the story of Chen Xizhen's father and daughter who were highly skilled in martial arts and captured the 108 good men of Liangshan. The author Yu Wanchun, standing on the position of defending the rulers, portrays Song Jiang and others as disloyal and unjust thieves, showing his extreme hatred for the peasant uprising. However, the story of the hero of Liangshan has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and he tried to use this book to offset the influence of "Water Margin" among the people, but he never received the expected effect. In the Qing Dynasty, there was another "Biography of Ji Gong", which wrote the story of the funny and wise Ji Gong monks helping the poor and the poor, punishing the evil and adultery, and mocking the official government and tycoons, which was very popular with the people. Ji Gong does not understand martial arts, but his mana is boundless, and he is a strange master in the game world. In the new and old school martial arts novels, it is possible to see funny and funny heroes such as Ji Gong from time to time. "Ji Gong Biography" can be completely included in the absurd romantic type of martial arts novels. The strange image of Ji Gong is very special in the history of Chinese novels.