Ten miles of different sounds, a hundred miles of different customs. You wear autumn pants on a cold night in the north, and I wear short sleeves in the bright southern sun.
China's vast land is vast, and questions such as whether to call potatoes or potatoes, tomatoes or tomatoes, sweet potatoes or sweet potatoes abound, and of course, disputes over local dialects are indispensable.
The distribution of Chinese dialects is about 7 major dialect areas: Guan dialect (northern) dialect, Hakka dialect, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Wu dialect, Cantonese dialect, and Min dialect.
As the representative of the south of Fujian Province, the complexity of its dialect is personally believed to be able to explode other provinces.
In the 2007 international certification ISO 639-3 international language code, the International Organization for Standardization divided Chinese into 13 dialects, Min Dongfang dialect, Jin dialect, official dialect, Puxian dialect, Hui dialect, Minzhong dialect, Gan dialect, Hakka dialect, Xiang dialect, Northern Fujian dialect, Minnan dialect, Wu dialect, Cantonese dialect.
Among them, there are 6 kinds of Fujian dialect: Min Dongfang dialect, Minzhong dialect, Puxian dialect, Hakka dialect, Northern Fujian dialect, and Southern Fujian dialect. That's why some people say that Fujian is "one inch and one accent".
In the northern provinces, although the dialect variety is single, the coverage is frighteningly large. In addition to Guangxi, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and other ethnic minority areas, north of the Yangtze River, south of the Yangtze River Zhenjiang to Jiujiang, Yun, Gui, Sichuan, most of Hubei, northwest Hunan, northwest Guangxi, are the northern dialects dominate the world.
Although the northern dialects can be regarded as diverse, the differences in grammatical structure are very small, the vocabulary is relatively consistent, and the phonetic differences are not very large.
Tong Xiangyu's Shaanxi Hanzhong accent
For example, there are no voiced stops, no voiced stops, no b, d, g, m four consonant endings, and so on. That is to say, the cavity is similar, that is, the tone is not the same. To distinguish between local dialects, just think about that tune.
What about the Southern side? It's much more complicated. Even in Guangdong Province, there are at least three dialects: "Vernacular" (Cantonese), Which belongs to Min, and Hakka, which belongs to Meixian.
Southern dialects are not only different in tone, but even different in tone. For example, the "eating" of eating, the northerners say, how to listen is also "eating", that is, the tone is high and low, and the tone is long and short.
What about southerners? Say what you want, seven, just, pinch, plug, choke, carry, anyway, not "eat". Northerners listen to southern dialects as if they were listening to foreign languages, and they are eager to find a translator.
So why is "northern dialect" easier to understand than "southern dialect"?
Because now Mandarin is
A dialect based on northern dialect (Guan dialect), with Beijing pronunciation as the standard tone and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms of modern standard Chinese.
As the political, economic and cultural center of the country, Beijing lasted for more than 800 years. Due to the concentration of economy and politics, the influence of Beijing dialect has gradually increased, and its status has become increasingly important.
The movie "Old Cannon" is filled with a strong Beijing flavor
On the one hand, As the official lingua franca, Beijing dialect spread throughout the country and became the "official dialect", and "official dialect" gradually became the "common language" commonly used between the various dialect regions.
On the other hand, vernacular literature based on northern dialects, especially opera since the Yuan and Ming dynasties, has also been more influenced by Beijing dialects. In this way, the Beijing dialect laid a solid foundation for the standard pronunciation of the common language of the Han people.
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, a common language of the Han nationality based on the northern dialect and the Standard tone of the Beijing dialect had actually taken shape.
The influence of the Beijing dialect itself, coupled with the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, has made the northern dialect more easily understood. The southern dialect has never had an official status, so it is relatively more difficult and more difficult to understand.
The reason why we think that the northern dialects are not much different is because we are looking at the problem from the perspective of the Beijing phonology (that is to say, we ignore the objective factor that everyone involved in the partition understands Mandarin), not from the perspective of the common ancestor, nor from the perspective of a dialect that has just undergone 500 tone changes.
For example, if we switch to the Jiangsu-South call between the north and the south as a reference, then perhaps some points of the northern dialect or the southern dialect are equal to the phonological differences between the dialect points used as a reference.
It is said that in the early days of the Republic of China, many parliamentarians from Guangdong proposed to use Cantonese as the official standard accent. Sun Yat-sen disagreed, and finally decided to use the official dialect of the north as the official language of the government.
If the Father of the Nation had nodded his head at that time, then our current national curse would have to be "throwing away the old mother".
Why are southern dialects so inconsistent?
On the Atlas, the Chinese dialects are divided into ten major regions: Guan dialect area, Jin language area, Wu language area, Hui language area, Gan language area, Xiang language area, Min language area, Cantonese language area, Ping dialect area, Hakka dialect area.
The so-called "official dialect" is the lingua franca of the official regulations of successive dynasties. The flat terrain in the north, coupled with frequent regional conflicts, population movement and integration are more frequent and frequent, so since ancient times, the economic center and administrative center have been north, so the north can have a more unified common language.
The southern mountains and rivers are blocked, there are many ethnic minorities, partial to a corner, the language has a local color since ancient times, and the language has a very heavy national color. In history, the Han people have had several large-scale southward migrations and ethnic integration, each time bringing with them the northern accent of a different period and spreading throughout the south, thus forming the current differentiated accent.
In Chinese history, there have been three great migrations that influenced the spread of the Chinese dialect to the south, namely the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the 4th century AD, the "Anshi Rebellion" in the 8th century, and the "Jingkang Difficulty" in the 12th century.
At that time, the social background was either "chaotic" or "difficult", and the reasons were all social unrest. Immigration expanded the distribution of languages farther away, and northern dialects also appeared far to the south.
Our current Mandarin should derive from the Manchu Qing dialect. The Manchus entered Beijing and learned Chinese, so the Manchus' hometown Northeast accent is very similar to Mandarin.
It is conceivable that perhaps when Kangxi Grandpa recruited Ge Erdan, he was so angry: "Geldan is a white-eyed wolf, marrying my girl, harming the art of the child, harming the two of us to catch the inner money and rip the calves, come to the silver, cut him to death!" ”
Today, dialect distribution seems to be a foregone conclusion, so which sound is the most decent and fashionable?
The emergence of Zhao Benshan and Kuaishou has made the Northeast dialect fashionable, but it is not popular in actual life; the emergence of Hong Kong and Taiwan stars has made the "Hong Kong and Taiwan dialect" fashionable, and even many young people are very good at imitating this sound.
In the TV series, the more rustic characters must speak Henan dialect, Shandong dialect and other northern dialects. So the accents in these places sound very earthy.
Shandong accent, "Militia Ge Er Egg"
In China, this accent comes in tandem with modernization.
In that era of advocating revolution, the older the revolutionaries, the older the revolutionaries, the more they spoke Sichuanese, Jiangxi dialects, Hunan dialects, that dialect is respected, many big chiefs speak like that, the bigger the chief, the heavier the dialect. Speaking Mandarin is not interesting.
For example, on October 1, 1949, "The People's Republic of China, founded today", in the upper floor of Tiananmen Square, with a Hunan accent, it was very imposing and very chief. If you pronounce it in Mandarin, you are an announcer.
Of course, for more people, the biggest impact of dialect is that when bargaining with big mothers in the wet market, they can legitimately use the local dialect to suppress prices.
Although he is a cultural person, he must not eat this loss!
END
Small code words are not easy
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