The policy of the Ilkhanate of Ghazan Khan, the influence on the Jews and the Mongols

In 1252, the Ilkhanate was established in Muslim areas. It was founded in the face of Muslim erosion. Beginning with the third Great Khan, Muslims have begun to influence the change of khanate.

In 1295, Ghazan Khan ascended to the throne through a mutiny and became the seventh Great Khan of the Ilkhanate. In order to consolidate his position and win over the support of the Persian Islamic elite and Muslims, he converted to Islam in the same year and announced his conversion to Islam, changing his name to Mahmu and calling himself Sultan. During the reign of Ghazan Khan, the Ilkhanate was completely Islamized religiously, politically, and culturally.

In order to curb the unruly and lawless words and deeds of the Mongolian military nomadic nobles, Ghazan demanded that the Mongols adhere to the Islamic faith in all matters. In 1297, Ghazan Khan announced that he and his officials would no longer wear Mongolian wide-brimmed hats and would instead wear traditional Persian hats. The Mongols began to be marginalized, and with the exception of the Great Khan, many Mongols declined in status and were even sold into slavery. Although he made some efforts in his final years, the tendency of the Mongols to be marginalized did not change. Of course, Islamist forces will not let this trend reverse. As a result, Ghazan Khan, who was only 33 years old, died of illness.

As soon as Ghazan Khan changed the policy of religious tolerance in the early Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate, he began to persecute pagans such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Judaism.

As a result, a large number of synagogues were burned down, and the conversion of Jews to Islam occurred on a large scale. However, Jewish conversion was not recognized, as they had done in Europe, and the local natives also questioned their Jewish identity. Perhaps, this is because they only superficially converted, not culturally, so they are still considered Jews. Conversion did not fundamentally change the living conditions of the Jewish nobility, for example, the Jewish prime minister at that time, Rasht Din, could not be buried for a long time after his death, and his head was cut off and placed at the head of the city and spurned by Muslims, who shouted "This is the head of the Jews".

Ghazan Khan reinstated the decree on the payment of the poll tax by pagans (including Judaism) after his conversion to Islam, but it was soon repealed by the advice of Zoroastrian Patriarch Mar Yabalaha III. By the reign of the Eighth Great Khan, the poll tax system on Jews had been completely restored and continued until the fall of the Ilkhanate. After the Reforms of Ghazan Khan, his policy towards Judah became more and more severe, and the living environment of the Jews continued to be harsh.

Ghazan Khan's recognition of the local culture in order to consolidate his rule was a stopgap measure, but he did it so thoroughly that Islamic historians praised him, the greatest Mongol. However, he forgot his Mongol identity, which eventually led to the marginalization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate and complete decline. His qualifications to us are to be good to others or to take care of our own people first, and then you know.