According to the right position of Kun Ling, the circle square of imitation Tai Purple
This is the introduction of the Forbidden City in the third season of the National Treasure
Speaking of the word "Forbidden City", I think everyone is familiar with it
But in addition to the "Forbidden City"
You may have also heard of the Forbidden City, imperial city, Miyagi and other titles
This is because the Ming Dynasty had more names about the imperial palace
And the corresponding range is not consistent
Among them, the "Forbidden City" is the most well-known
Today we will talk about the Forbidden City
I don't know if you noticed it
Outside the Forbidden City, there are three main halls, the Taihe Hall, the Zhonghe Hall, and the Bohol Hall
Does not match the dimensions of the base underneath it
What's going on?
There are three main halls outside the Forbidden City: the Hall of Taihe, the Hall of Zhonghe, and the Hall of Bohol, which can be said to be the most important building in the Forbidden City, but such an important building is ill-fated. After its completion, it was burned by lightning strikes several times, and it was restored many times, and the three halls we see now are reconstructed in the Kangxi period. Not only did the building change many times, but the name also changed from time to time, when it was first built, it was named Fengtian Hall, Huagai Hall, and Zhensheng Hall; after the reconstruction of Jiajing forty-one years (1562), it was renamed the Imperial Pole Hall, Jianji Hall, and Zhongji Hall; in the second year of Shunzhi (1645), it was renamed Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, and Baohe Hall, and has been used to this day.
Taihe Hall
The Temple of The Middle Harmony
Bohol Hall
I don't know if everyone in the Forbidden City, in addition to feeling its golden splendor, there is such a question: the base of the three halls and the body of the hall seem to be not very coordinated, if you look down from the air, you can see that the base is too large, and the three halls are too small, why is this?
In fact, the three halls in the early days of Yongle's eighteenth year (1420) were not the current size. At that time, the three halls were huge, and the distance between them was only about 10 meters. According to volume 447 of the Records of the Great Ming Dynasty, the fengtian hall was originally built and completed with a length of about 95 meters (thirty zhang, one zhang is about 3.17 meters), and a width of about 47.5 meters (fifteen zhang), with a construction area about twice that of the existing Taihe Hall. However, there was no effective lightning protection device on the three halls, and the three halls were also the existence of the high point in the Forbidden City, so in the Ming Dynasty, they were frequently favored by the heavens, burned several times, and rebuilt several times, just like crossing the robbery.
The first fire suffered by the three halls was in April of the nineteenth year of Ming Yongle (1421), when the Fengtian Hall caught fire due to lightning strikes, and soon spread to the Huagai Hall and the Zhensheng Hall, resulting in the destruction of all three halls. In September of the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty (1441), the restoration of the three major halls was completed, and the volume and spacing of each building were basically the same as those in the initial construction period. Although the extent to which the fire burned the three halls was not recorded, according to the records of subsequent restoration projects, the fire only burned the halls of the three halls, and the foundations were not damaged, so it was only from the fifth year of orthodoxy (1440) to the sixth year of orthodoxy (1441) that it took only about a year to complete the construction.
The second fire was on April 13, 1557, the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing (1557), and the area of this fire was very large, according to the Records of Emperor Ming Shizong, at that time, "the fifteen doors on the second floor of the three halls were plagued", and the area of the fire covered the entire foreign dynasty, so that the Jiajing Emperor had to hold a court meeting at Duanmen. The fire damage is huge, and rehabilitation is imminent. Moreover, in the second year, the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing (1558), the Triennial Haj was to be held, when officials from all over the country would come.
For the sake of royal face, the Jiajing Emperor decided to repair the gate first, and urged the construction of the gate and the building, which was finally completed in June of the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing (1558). According to the Guhe Manuscript, the date of the upper beam of the Fengtian Temple was April 2, 1560, the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560), and the date of completion was the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562).
In this reconstruction project, officials proposed to reduce the size of the three halls and increase the spacing between them, believing that the reason why the three halls are prone to fire is that in addition to their own wooden buildings, the spacing is too small and prone to contagion. The Jiajing Emperor also deeply believed in this, coupled with the tight time and heavy tasks, the emperor put forward the suggestion of "reducing because of the change". However, this was opposed by Yan Song, who believed that the construction of the foundation was difficult and costly, and if the foundation of the three halls changed, it would lead to a major change in the building of the upper part of the foundation, which would take time and effort. As a result, the proposal to "reduce the size of the three great halls" was not implemented. Only after the reconstruction of the three halls was completed, the three halls were renamed the Imperial Pole Hall, the Middle Pole Hall, and the Jianji Hall in an attempt to eliminate "obscurity".
Once there is a fire in the palace, you can take water from the tank to extinguish it
Can a fire be avoided just by changing the name? The answer is no, after the three great halls that people have high hopes for, there are still many disasters and difficulties, not only by lightning, but also by artificial arson.
After the renaming of the three halls, the fate of being burned was still not avoided, and the reason was that the ancient buildings did not have lightning rods. The third fire of the Three Great Halls occurred in June of the twenty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1597), and this time the cause was still a lightning strike. It is just that compared with the previous two restoration projects, the reconstruction project lasted much longer, and it has been dragged from the Wanli Dynasty to the Apocalypse Dynasty.
Restoration of the three major halls of the Forbidden City in the early Ming Dynasty
At this time, another official suggested that the size of the three halls be reduced. This time, with the approval of the emperor, the Emperor of The Apocalypse ordered the size of the three halls to be reduced, and the Imperial Pole Hall was moved to the south and the Jianji Hall to the north.
After the restoration of the three halls was completed in August of the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1627), the volume and spacing of the three halls we see today were formed: the construction area of the three halls was reduced to about one-half of the time when the Ming Dynasty was first built, and the height of each palace was reduced accordingly. The reduced spacing between the three halls was increased to about 30 meters, which was three times that of the initial construction period.
So does this really work? After the construction of the three great halls in the Apocalypse Dynasty, there were several fires, but the affected area was not as large as before. For example, in April of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng burned the Forbidden City, and the Jianji Hall was preserved. In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), after reorganizing the Forbidden City, the three main halls were renamed the Taihe Hall, the Zhonghe Hall, and the Bohol Hall. In December of the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679), due to the careless use of fire by the eunuch on duty, the three halls were burned again, but this time the Taihe Hall was destroyed, and the losses of the Zhonghe Hall and the Bohol Hall were small, which showed that widening the spacing still had a certain effect on fire prevention.
The above mentioned is only a statement about the reduction of the size of the three halls, and there is also a theory that it is because during the apocalypse period, the national strength of the Ming Dynasty was declining, and it was unable to carry such a huge project, and the construction projects of Beijing City and the Forbidden City in the Jiajing period were very frequent, Jiajing reigned for 45 years to build no wasted day, plus the materials used in the three halls were all good Nan wood materials, for various reasons, by the time of the Apocalypse Dynasty, it was impossible to find nan wood that could build the three halls, so it was helpless to reduce the volume of the three halls.
All of the above is the transformation of the three halls themselves by the Ming Dynasty in order to prevent fire, so what efforts did the Qing Dynasty make? Here we will only talk about the fire in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679).
The area of the fire was small, only burned the Taihe Hall, the Zhonghe Hall, the Bohol Hall was only slightly damaged, the Qing court learned the lessons of the previous Ming dynasty fires, and believed that the way of connecting the corridor and the diagonal corridor used at that time promoted the spread of the fire, so in the Reconstruction Project of the Thirty-fourth Year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1695), this shape was abandoned, changed to a stepped firewall, and seven volcanic walls were added in the East-West Corridor in front of the Bohol Hall, and the left wing gate, the right wing gate, the Body Ren Pavilion, and the Hongyi Pavilion were separated. The spread of the fire was avoided.
In addition to the measures to build a firewall, the location of the Zhonghe Hall and the Bohol Hall was also adjusted in this reconstruction, and the existing Zhonghe Hall is located in the north of the middle of the "Gong" shaped platform base, and the location of the Bohol Hall is also moved north compared with the Ming Dynasty. The purpose of this adjustment may be to make the square of the three major halls more spacious and facilitate the holding of major ceremonies.
These are all ancient people to prevent fire
Renovation of the three main halls themselves
And once the fire in modern society occurs
High-pressure water guns, ladders, fire trucks, etc
Modern fire fighting equipment has its own magic
Besides
There is also a fire brigade that guards the safety of the Forbidden City at all times
They are
Beijing Tiananmen District Fire Rescue Detachment
Forbidden City Secret Service Station
The best achievement without fire fighting is their team training
They have been stationed in the Forbidden City for 50 years
Rely on all-weather, seamless, uninterrupted loyalty
Ensure the absolute safety of the Forbidden City firefighting