The yellow robe added to the body, which means that in the fifth dynasty later, Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chen Qiao Mutiny, and his subordinates draped him with yellow robes and embraced him as the Son of Heaven. Later, a mutiny was successful. From the Song Shi Taizu Benji. In the seventh year of Xiande (960), Zhao Kuangyin was ordered to resist the combined forces of the Northern Han and Khitans. He was immediately proclaimed emperor in the "Chen Qiao Mutiny" and returned to Beijing to force Emperor Gong of Later Zhou to take the throne. In the same year, Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne as emperor, changed his name to Yuan Jianlong, and the national name was "Song", which was called Song Dynasty or Northern Song Dynasty in history. In this regard, in the eyes of many people, Zhao Kuangyin was the first person to ascend the throne as an emperor by means of a yellow robe.
However, in fact, before Zhao Kuangyin, there was already an emperor who did this, and this person was Guo Wei. Later Zhou Taizu Guo Wei (Later Zhou Taizu Guo Wei ) ( September 10 , 904 – February 22 , 954 ) was a native of Yaoshan County , Xingzhou ( present-day Longyao County , Hebei Province ) . Later Zhou Kaiguo monarch (reigned 951-954) during the Five Dynasties period, son of Guo Jian of Shunzhou. It is worth noting that when Guo Wei's yellow robe was added, Zhao Kuangyin, as his subordinate, personally experienced this scene. This prompted him to later imitate this behavior.
First, Guo Wei's father, Guo Jian (郭簡), served as the Assassin of Shun prefecture (顺州, in present-day Shunyi County, Beijing) by Li Keyun, the King of Jin, and was later killed by Liu Rengong ( Liu Rengong ) , who had divided Youzhou , and soon after , Guo Wei 's mother died. When Guo Wei was eighteen years old, Ze Lu jiedu asked Li Jitao to recruit soldiers, and he went to apply for recruitment and began to follow Li Jitao. Later, Li Jitao was attacked and destroyed by Li Cunxun's troops, and Guo Wei was incorporated into the Later Tang army.
In the twelfth year of Tianfu (947), Liu Zhiyuan declared himself emperor in Shanxi and established the Later Han Dynasty. Soon, the Later Han captured Kaifeng and made it the capital. Guo Wei helped Liu Zhiyuan to claim the title of emperor, and was promoted to deputy envoy of the Privy Council, inspector of the school, and became a major courtier of the Later Han Dynasty. Soon, Liu Zhiyuan, the ancestor of later Han Gaozu, died of illness, and Guo Wei and Su Fengji were ordered to succeed Liu Chengyou as Emperor Yin of Later Han. Guo Weiguan paid homage to the Privy Counsellor and was in charge of the military power of the Later Han. In this regard, in the author's opinion, Guo Wei at this time is similar to Sima Yi of Cao Wei, these two people not only hold military power, but also are trusted to orphan ministers. On this basis, Guo Wei actually has the ability to replace it. Of course, Guo Wei's final yellow robe is not his own ambition.
Since Liu Chengyou succeeded to the throne, he and his favorites were very suspicious of Guo Wei and other meritorious generals. In the third year of Qianyou (950), Liu Chengyou conspired with his close associate Li Ye to order Ma Jun to command Guo Chongjie to kill Xuanhui's envoys Wang Jun and Guo Wei; and ordered Zhenning Junjun to kill Wang Yin, the commander of the guards and infantry, in an attempt to eliminate these military generals who supported the army and respected themselves.
When Guo Wei learned of this news, he immediately adopted the strategy of the strategist Wei Renpu and forged an edict, claiming that Liu Chengyou had ordered Guo Wei to kill the generals, which caused the crowd to be indignant, and pushed Guo Wei to raise an army to fight against him, in order to "qing the side of the king". Liu Chengyou took Guo Wei's recital and showed it to Li Ye and the others, and Li Ye and others said that Guo Wei's reaction was clear, so he killed all of Guo Wei's family members in the capital. In this regard, in the author's opinion, when things come to this side, Guo Wei obviously will not turn back.
The Later Han army was defeated by Guo Wei, and the Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou was killed by Guo Yunming on his way out. Therefore, Guo Wei led his troops to see Empress Li, asked the empress dowager to listen to the government, and pretended to support Liu Shi's clan and Wuning Jiedu to make Liu Yun emperor. Of course, this is not Guo Wei's ultimate goal, after all, if he directly ascends the throne and becomes emperor, he will not only bear the reputation of the king, but also become the target of everyone. Subsequently, the Khitan were suddenly reported to the south, and Guo Wei led his army north to resist. While passing through Lanzhou, Guo Wei's soldiers mutinied and their yellow robes were added. And this is also the first time in ancient Chinese history that the "yellow robe is added to the body".
After the yellow robe was added, Guo Wei returned to Kaifeng, forcing the Later Han to give up the emperor's throne. In the first year of Guangshun (951), on the fifth day of the first month of the first month, Guo Wei was officially called emperor, the state name was Great Zhou, and the capital was Beijing, which was called Later Zhou. It is worth noting that in the zhou after the establishment of Guo Wei, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as the head of the East and West Classes and the deputy commander of Baihua Prefecture. Although he had not yet become a major courtier, he had already emerged.
During Guo Wei's reign, he worked to eliminate the evil policies of the previous dynasty, such as the abolition of some extremely cruel criminal laws of the Later Jin and Later Han Dynasties. At the same time, Guo Wei has also taken effective measures to restore agricultural production. The distribution of fields to the current tenants has increased the number of households by more than 30,000. The ownerless wasteland allows the peasants to cultivate and reclaim it as a permanent cause, and increases the enthusiasm of the people in production. Therefore, it is very obvious that although he was born in the army, Guo Wei still has quite an opinion on governing the country. Of course, this is also because Guo Wei lost his father at an early age, experienced the world, and has rich life experience.
In addition to actively carrying out changes, Guo Wei also pays great attention to frugality and tries to reduce the burden of the people in the later Zhou. He lived an unusually frugal life, frugal in food, clothing, shelter and transportation, and issued an edict prohibiting the worship of delicacies and local souvenirs, not to mention treasures. Among the ancient emperors, Guo Wei was able to be so frugal, which was naturally admirable.
He said to his ministers, "Born poor, having tasted all the ills of the world, and having experienced all kinds of disasters, how can he be an emperor and drag down the people of the world with dignity and dignity?" On this basis, he not only did not allow the treasures to enter the palace, but also let people smash dozens of jewelry and jade in the palace, luxurious bed stools decorated with gold and silver, and dining utensils made of gold and silver, and smashed them in public on the palace. Guo Wei often said to his attendants, "Those emperors, how can they use such things!" ”
In this regard, in the view of many historians, Guo Wei's meticulous governance made Hou Zhou show signs of going abroad to become rich and strong in a very short period of time, laying a solid foundation for Hou Zhou Shizong to continue his career. It can even be said that after Zhao Kuangyin established the Northern Song Dynasty, he was able to conquer the north and eliminate many separatist forces, which was also inseparable from the foundation laid by Guo Wei. Just as the so-called predecessors planted trees and the descendants were cool, Guo Wei not only taught Zhao Kuangyin how to add yellow robes, but also allowed Zhao Kuangyin to be like Qin Shi Huang.
Finally, in the first month of the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Wei became seriously ill. He himself knew that it would be difficult to recover, so he instructed Chai Rong (the future Zhou Shizong) that his mausoleum must be simple, not to alarm and disturb the people, not to use many craftsmen, and not to send palace people to guard the mausoleum. Then, he enfeoffed the group of ministers and ordered Chai Rong to succeed to the throne, saying: "I see that the literary talents of the world are Fan Qian and Wang Pu, and now that they are listed together as prime ministers, you have a good assistant, and I am blind when I die." "On the same night (the day of the second birthday), Guo Wei died of illness in the Zide Hall in the Fenjing Palace, at the age of fifty-one. Emperor Wenwu xiao of the Temple, Taizu. In April of the same year, Guo Wei was buried in Songling.
In addition, Guo Wei loved his wife deeply, and after the death of his wife, he did not marry another empress, on the one hand, in order to commemorate his deceased wife, on the other hand, he also saw that Chai Rong was indeed talented, so he passed the throne to his wife and nephew Chai Rong, who was not related by blood. And this, in fact, is a wiser choice. In the first year of Xiande (954), Chai Rong ascended the throne as emperor. Chai Rong strives to rule with great efforts, devotes himself to the great cause of unifying the world, and has set the ambition of "opening up the world in ten years, raising the people in ten years, and bringing peace in ten years". During Chai Rong's reign, he invaded the south and fought in the north, defeated Hou Shu in the west, and took the four prefectures of Qin, Feng, Cheng, and Jie; destroyed the southern Tang in the south and exhausted the fourteen prefectures of Huainan in the north; and broke the Liao state in the north and the three prefectures of Lianke Sanguan. Historians praised him as "a heroic hero of a generation" as "the hero of a generation". Although Chai Rong died young, he failed to achieve the goal of world domination. However, Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe was added to his body, and he was able to continue to promote the realization of this goal.