What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
People familiar with Chinese history know the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar, which is called this treaty because it was signed in Nebuchu. So, which city is Nebuchu mentioned in the treaty today?
Nebuchu
Let us first talk about the historical background of the signing of the Treaty of Nebchu.
In the late 16th century, Ivan the Terrible of Tsarist Russia began to colonize Siberia and the Far East. In 1636, the Russians arrived in the Sea of Okhotsk and conquered all of Siberia. When Russian power approached Qing China, there was a military conflict. From the middle of the 17th century onwards, Russian invading armies crossed the Waixing'an Mountains and invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin of China, burning villages, killing people, and robbing grain and mink skins.
In this case, in 1652, "the troops stationed in Ninguta Zhangjing Haise attacked and fought in the village of Uzara", which was the first battle between China and Russia. Since then, the Qing army has fought many wars with Tsarist Russia, and finally almost took the Tsarist town of Yaksa.
In 1686, the Qing army besieged the city of Yaksa. After several months of fighting, the leader of the invading army, Tolbuzin, was killed, the Russians suffered heavy casualties, and the city of Yaksa was within reach. This forced the Tsarist government to "beg the siege of Yaksa" and send Golovin as ambassador to China for border talks.
In November, the Qing government, in order to show its sincerity in negotiations, announced an unconditional ceasefire and stopped the siege of the city.
Signing site
On September 7, 1689, Chinese representatives Soetu, Tong Guogang, and Russian representatives Golovin signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchu in Nebuchu. The treaty stipulates that the Gelbiqi River, the Erguna River and the Waixing'an Ridge are the eastern boundary between China and Russia, and the Uddi River area is the area to be discussed. Legally, it was established that the vast areas of the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River basins, including Sakhalin Island, belonged to China.
In Chinese history, Nebuchu was originally a hunting ground for Mongols in the early Qing Dynasty, but was later invaded by Tsarist Russia and established a stronghold. After the signing of the Treaty of Nebchu, the Nebchu region was incorporated into the territory of Russia.
Russia immediately renamed Nebchu to Nelchensk.
Nerchensk
Nerchensk belongs to Russia's Transbaikal Territory, bordered by Lake Baikal to the west, Mongolia to the south, and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the east.
Although the city is small, the silver reserves here are large. As early as 1704, the mines here began to produce silver as the only mine in Tsarist Russia. The earliest silver produced was used in the silver sailing cup dedicated to Peter the Great.