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Eating and drinking Lasa is the basic need of everyone's life, and every item is indispensable. China's thousands of years of culture are vast and profound, and the recorded description of life phenomena is even more profound. Although the word "Lazar" is imaged, it is often avoided by people, because the subtle but inevitable movements expressed in it are difficult to ascend to the hall of elegance. In particular, the place associated with Lasa, the toilet, is a place that people have to go to every day. Today, let's get to know a "tasteful" collection in the Qinyang Museum. ”
Han Dynasty circle toilet Tian Weihua photo
Han Dynasty gray pottery circle toilet, length 34.5 cm, width 23 cm, height 19 cm. The toilet is gray and ceramic and rectangular in shape. The two adjacent sides are the high eaves wall, the other two sides are square platforms, the two platforms intersect with four steps, and the two toilets are built on the diagonals of the two platforms. One is enclosed, with a built-in squat pit, which is the place of excretion, and the roof is a hanging mountain type. One is open-air, with only walls. There are two sets of molded sows in the circle below, and the sows are breastfeeding the piglets, which is very interesting. This circle toilet was excavated in 1973 at the 5017 construction site of Xixiang Commune (now Xixiang Town) in Qinyang, Henan Province. The funeral concept of the Han Dynasty is "death is like life" and "death is like survival", and the funeral after death is the same as before death, and this excavated cultural relic can reflect the true appearance of the toilet in the Han Dynasty.
You read that right, the toilets of the Han Dynasty were indeed buildings that were integrated with the pigsty. Also as you can imagine, the pit of the toilet leads directly to the pigsty below. You might be surprised that the rake pulled out wasn't eaten by a pig? It's really disgusting. Don't be surprised, the Han Dynasty was indeed like this.
According to literature, during the Qin and Han dynasties, the main food source of pigs was grains and leftover food after meals. However, due to the limitation of production capacity, the use of human manure as an auxiliary food for pigs is also one of the means for people to solve the shortage of pig feed. The ancients paid attention to the harmonious relationship between man and nature, took nature, and returned to nature, just like the modern population said that "fertile water does not flow into the fields of outsiders".
In the Han Dynasty, pig pens and toilets were merged into one, in addition to raising pigs and facilitating the handling of human excrement. More importantly, humans use their own excrement and pig excrement to mix fermentation, which is used as fertilizer for land crops and increases agricultural yields. In the 1970s and 1980s, the habit of using manure to make farm manure could still be seen in rural areas.
In order to round the circle for friends, modern people often say: "So-and-so went to the toilet, and will come back in a while." The circle toilets of the Han Dynasty are not only places of and fat, in times of crisis, the excuse of running away from the toilet is also a common trick used by the ancients. During the Hongmen banquet, Liu Bang escaped under the pretext of going to the toilet, through the stairs, over the toilet wall; Cao Cao also "went to the toilet because he went to the toilet because he returned to the camp"; Liu Bei's escape method was "pseudo toilet, sneaking out". It is the construction style of the Han Dynasty circle toilet integration that provides a convenient door for "toilet diving".
Jiaozuo Daily all-media reporter Wang Weixuan reported
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