On July 30, 2020, NASA launched the next generation of explorer robots to the Red Planet, Mars. Over a period of seven months, the Perseverance Mars rover traveled through the cold, dark space until it began a thrilling seven-minute landing on February 18, 2021. The spacecraft traveled nearly 12,500 miles per hour (20,000 kilometers per hour) through the thin and dusty Martian atmosphere, braking sharply and slowing down, and finally landed luckily and safely on the martian beach.
The spacecraft entered Mars, landed and landed on the surface of Mars, becoming NASA's fifth rover to successfully land on Mars. Mars, considered "confusing" by ancient Chinese astronomers, still has many outstanding questions, and with the help of the largest rover to date, the 2020 Perseverance, NASA will once again try to unravel the mystery. The car-sized Perseverance landing site is called Jezero Crater, a 28-mile (45-kilometer) wide crater that sits on the western edge of a larger crater, the Isis Plain.
In the Slavic language, "Jezero" means lake. The name is a good fit for this unexplored region of Mars, as it is most likely a huge ancient body of water where rivers and streams flow, and similarities can be found on Earth. Like Curiosity, its predecessor and brother, Perseverance is a semi-autonomous mobile science platform designed to explore Mars. It will look for evidence of the survival of ancient microbes, try to uncover the mysterious past of the planet, and it will test different technologies for future exploration by humans.
The astronauts gave perseverance the nickname "Percy", and although it was similar in design and size to Curiosity, it was much heavier than the latter. The additional weight consists of an upgraded robotic arm with a core drill, a close-up ground inspection camera and two additional scientific instruments. The Rover Lab also has a sample recovery system that will allow future recovery missions to bring back a total of 23 Martian samples including five additional cameras to return to Earth for study. However, Perseverance also had a surprising upgrade, which was to carry a microphone that finally allowed us to hear the sound of Mars. Perseverance will be wandering through the scene for many years, but it will not be alone, because there is a delicate small unmanned helicopter that accompanies it.
The Dexterity Mars helicopter will attempt to demonstrate flight on Mars and provide images of the flight. It will fly at least 5 times over a 30-day period, each lasting up to 90 seconds, and hopefully help engineers return to Earth to better plan the rover's path. Once the Perseverance rover lands, it will send back 3 images of his landing address. The low-resolution image is partially obscured by a transparent protective cover and captured by the rover's avoidance camera, which helps drive on rocky, sandy ground. NASA said that as the rover is powered on and the system inspection is completed, a large number of better quality and higher resolution images will soon be transmitted back, revealing the alien surface of the red planet again.
Scientists hope the mission will showcase exciting science and technology, paving the way for future expeditions. The moving lab will try to generate oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, identify resources such as groundwater, explore ways to improve future landing techniques, and provide more accurate weather pictures of the Red Planet, highlighting any other environmental conditions that could enhance or affect future astronauts visiting Mars. The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission will give us an exciting new look at the Red Planet as it slowly and hopefully explores the mysterious world in the hope that we won't have to wait too long to see, hear and enjoy these amazing discoveries.
Related knowledge
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, larger than Mercury. In English, Mars bears the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the "Red Planet". The latter refers to the effect of iron oxide that is ubiquitous on the surface of Mars, giving it a reddish tinge (as shown in the figure), which is unique among celestial bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a thin- atmosphereous Terrestrial planet whose surface features are reminiscent of the Moon's impact craters, as well as Earth's valleys, deserts and polar ice sheets.
The number of days and seasons of the year are similar to those of the Earth because the rotation period and the tilt of the axis of rotation relative to the ecliptic plane are similar. Mars is home to Mount Olympus, the largest volcano and the highest known mountain on any planet in the solar system, and to the Mariner Canyon Group, one of the largest canyons in the solar system. The smooth Borealis Basin in the Northern Hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and could be a massive impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Phobos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to asteroid 5261, Martian-Trojan asteroids.
Mars has been explored by several unmanned spacecraft. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; NASA launched on November 28, 1964, and was closest to the planet on July 15, 1965. Mariner 4 detected a faint Martian radiation belt that measured 0.1 percent of Earth's and captured the first image of another planet from deep space. The latest spacecraft to successfully land on Mars are the China National Space Administration's Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover, which landed on May 14, 2021. On May 22, 2021, the Zhurong rover was successfully deployed, making China the second country after the United States to successfully deploy a rover on Mars.
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