The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
During this period of time in Salhu, the Ming army controlled Kaiyuan, Tieling, Fushun, Fushunguan, Qinghe, Kuandian, and Yaoyang, and the internal line had Liaoyang and Shenyang as the hub, and on the 50,000 people of Nurhaci, concentrated elite troops to prepare for the key battle of the movement, Ma Lin, Li Rubai, Du Song, and Liu Ling all moved with each other, and when necessary, abandoned the fortress to drag Nurhaci, basically allowing Nurhaci to return without success, and even creating opportunities to carry out key attacks, this is the basic situation that the Salhu Ming army can grasp, and the biggest problem in taking the initiative to attack is still insufficient supplies. It will inevitably divide the troops, and once the Nurhaci department returns without success, it will lead to insufficient food and excess wealth, although the Ming army is not much better, but at least the living forces are maintained, and the war situation can be avoided from erosion.
The post-gold of the forty-seventh year of the Wanli calendar is not the post-gold of the apocalypse year, the post-gold of the forty-seventh year of the Wanli calendar does not have many cannons, the strength of the attack is too weak, the siege consumption is too large, but it is willing to be wild, the biggest purpose of the field is to reduce the investment of silver, in order to maintain the economic operation of Liaodong, to gain a chance to breathe, to control the price of Liaodong under the efforts and transportation of many parties, and the strategic goal is to make Nurhaci fruitless, Nurhaci's own financial deterioration, in fact, does not need to win much, and even to a certain extent does not need to win, Only the materials of Nurhaci need to be consumed, and the characteristics of the Liaodong economic circle determine that leaving the economic ties in the interior is nothing, and this is especially true in the Nurgan region of Jianzhou.
In the second year after the Battle of Salhu, the price of rice in Liaodong soared to one stone and four two, and there were more expensive ones in the back, in this case, the salary of the Ming army that issued silver was very serious, and at that time, there were already Ming officials who raised the problem of no shortage of silver and lack of grain, but the Ming Dynasty did not react for a long time, and also invested a lot of manpower and material resources into Liaodong, but did not deal with the most basic problem of grain prices very well, until Sun Chengzong invaded Liaodong, the army tun 500,000 mu, and then the ming army and Hou Jin's battle record is to defend the city. The field battle was also stable, but soon the peasant army in the rear rose again, and then the Ming Dynasty weakened its investment in Liaodong, otherwise if it was just like this step by step tower to prevent the past, the Ming Dynasty's military tuns grew day by day, and the resources of Houjin became less and less day by day, then the collapse of Houjin was just around the corner.
In fact, the financial complexity of the Ming Dynasty is much higher than that of the Qing Dynasty after the Yongzheng Reform, the Qing Dynasty from physical finance, just transformed into the original amount of finance of the Ming Dynasty left a lot of past tails, the core of the Ming Dynasty finance is the Ming Dynasty's warehouse, warehouse research is a key to the Ming Dynasty's finance. The biggest feature of the original aeronautism finance is the introduction of new taxes in case of trouble, just like the three salaries at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the cents at the end of the Qing Dynasty, which are all due to the fact that the positive taxes are not enough to be used, and the fiscal revenue of the imperial court at this time is about 20 million at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and even as high as 80 million at the end of the Qing Dynasty. So I don't think the fiscal collapse at the end of the Ming Dynasty was a real fiscal collapse, much less a collapse of the fiscal system.
In fact, in the final analysis, the finance is a government economic activity with a strong purpose and planning, and all kinds of revenue and expenditure are detailed, especially in the financial system after the completion of the original quota reform since the end of the Tang Dynasty, which is the essence, in addition to the Qing Dynasty to produce a sales system, some places have a certain degree of relative autonomy, and there are also many new changes in military expenditure, and the fiscal revenue of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties has soared from thirty million to sixty million, and the expenditure change is not so big. No matter which dynasty or generation is put in fact, there is no way, although the finance before the middle of the Qing Dynasty has obvious budget final accounts, after all, it is a finance with agricultural taxes as the main body, and it is impossible to implement a clear budget final account system, let alone play a high-end operation such as deficit finance.
The Ming Dynasty left a part of the force of the service has not yet become the service money, and at that time some of the household registration categories of people's service money is not a consolidated system, until the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to become a formal system, this is a large part of the tax, the Qing Dynasty also put some of the previous Ming Dynasty plus and Shunzhi Dynasty plus taxes into the positive endowment, only the original amount collected is at least six or seven million two higher than the Ming Dynasty, there is also, the original amount of the early Qing Dynasty is according to the standard apportionment of the Wanli calendar year, and in the apocalypse, Chongzhen Year because of various exemptions, population losses, simply can not receive so much, The situation of each year is different, but when it is added in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, it is directly incorporated according to the amount of the forty-seventh year of the Wanli calendar.
In fact, in ancient times, there were only two policies that encouraged merchants to transport grain to the border areas, one was the transportation of millet and the atonement for crimes represented by the Policy of Guisu of the Two Dynasties of Han Wenjing, and the other was the transportation of grain to salt represented by the Salt Introduction System of the Ming Dynasty, which gave rise to Shangtun, otherwise the merchants would not have taken their lives to make war wealth, but it was not nothing, the Jin merchants did it, but it was secretly betraying the country, and there was another kind of trade, dongjiang town trade, but it was controlled by Mao Wenlong, after Mao Wenlong's death, Dongjiang Town was occupied, and it was Kong Youde who controlled this trade route, who surrendered to The Qing. However, the strength of merchants is limited, the risk of maritime commerce is also large, even if the land transport, the cost of transportation is not much lower than the local price, the cost of the government to pay for forced labor transportation is high, and the cost of private merchants can be lower than the exploitation price of the official government, so the financial difficulties at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
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