In the history of the late Qing Dynasty in China, there was such an emperor who was not clear about his ascension to the throne and was reluctant to abdicate. His whole life can be said to live in the control of others. He is Puyi, who has long been known as the "last emperor".
In 1967, Puyi, who had been wandering like duckweed for half his life, died of illness at the age of 62. But at this time, there was a problem in front of the Puyi family: as the last emperor of China, Puyi had a special status, and how to bury him became a family entanglement.
Puyi
The crowd thought about it and thought they could not decide, so they reported the matter to the central authorities. Soon after, Premier Zhou, as a representative of the Central Committee, gave special instructions to the Puyi family. So, what instructions did Premier Zhou give? In the end, how did Puyi's family bury Puyi?
Published in 1964, Puyi's book "The First Half of My Life" was finally revised several times. This book is Puyi's memoir, but also his self-reflection book, once published, it was very popular. After all, most people are very interested in the emperor and these royal secrets, even if Puyi did not write as an emperor at that time, but as a Chinese citizen.
"The First Half of My Life"
Of course, as the last emperor of China, Puyi's life is indeed full of "legendary color". He was born at the height of the Qing Dynasty and was the son of the regent Zaifeng. Originally, according to Puyi's identity, in the feudal dynasty that paid the most attention to identity and status, he could not be an emperor.
However, the Guangxu Emperor at that time was just a puppet in cixi's hand, and after the "Wushu coup", Cixi thought of abolishing Guangxu, but Guangxu did not leave a son, so Cixi had to "select" the little boy from other princes to cultivate as the next emperor.
In 1908, guangxu became seriously ill and she grew older, and Cixi realized that she had to pick out a "successor" as soon as possible. In the end, Cixi took a fancy to Puyi, so she ordered puyi to be brought to the palace for upbringing. After the news reached the Palace of Alcohol, the Palace was in an instant of chaos.
Puyi's grandmother, Liu Jiashi, fainted instantly, and Puyi also cried and did not let the internal prisoner take away. However, "the imperial order is difficult to violate", and in the end, Puyi was still fostered in the deep palace. On November 14, 1908, after the death of the Guangxu Emperor, he became the emperor of the late Qing Dynasty, and on December 2, Puyi took the throne at the Taihe Temple. At this time, Puyi was only 2 years old.
Puyi as a child
From the moment he was chosen by Cixi to be emperor, Puyi became a manipulated tool. In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and many provinces across the country declared themselves out of the control of the Qing government. However, there were still several provinces in the north, under the control of the Qing court.
In order to free all the provinces of China from the control of the Qing Dynasty, Dr. Sun Yat-sen thought of many ways. In the end, Yuan Shikai volunteered to jump out and assume the responsibility of "liberating" several northern provinces. Yuan Shikai was soft and hard at the same time, exerting pressure on the Qing court and Puyi on the one hand, and on the other hand proposing preferential conditions as bait.
After many discussions, Puyi finally announced his abdication in 1912. At this time, Yuan Shikai also took advantage of the "abdication of Puyi" to steal the fruits of the revolution little by little. Although Puyi announced his abdication, according to the preferential conditions proposed by Yuan Shikai, he could still live in the Forbidden City and continue to enjoy the treatment of the emperor, and this period of history is also known as the "Small Imperial Court of the Sunqing Dynasty".
Puyi at the time of the Restoration in 1917
During this period, puyi studied the "Four Books and Five Classics" and ancient poems every day, that is, catching birds and fighting clams. In 1917, Zhang Xun, a former Qing widow, led 4,000 Dingwu troops into Beijing. On July 1, Zhang Xun mutinied, xuanun reunification was restored, and Puyi, who was only 12 years old, once again "ascended" the throne. However, the tide of history will not allow China to have an emperor again, so as Zhang Xun was crusaded by Duan Qirui and then fled to the Netherlands, the fragile throne collapsed again, and Puyi announced his second abdication.
After two abdications, Puyi is more sensitive than anyone and more aware of his situation. In 1919, Puyi followed his emperor Johnston and learned English, mathematics and other knowledge, which opened his eyes. Of course, with the expansion of his horizons, there is also Puyi's desire to leave the Forbidden City urgently.
The emergence of this psychology lies in the influence of Puyi's teacher Johnston on the one hand, and on the other hand, Puyi is more sensitive to the perception of danger. He realized that in the case of "mountain rain and wind full of buildings", he was a target in the Forbidden City.
Puyi's inner life in the palace
However, under the opposition of conservatives, Puyi was ultimately unable to leave the Forbidden City. Puyi, who could not leave the Forbidden City, could only numb himself with eating, drinking and having fun every day. However, no matter how Puyi evaded, the danger still came quietly. In 1924, the warlord Feng Yuxiang led troops into the Forbidden City and forced Puyi to leave the Forbidden City, a "Beijing coup" in history.
Puyi, who left the Forbidden City, looked at this vast Beijing and felt that he had nowhere to go, so he ran all the way and finally escaped to the Japanese legation. Soon after, Japanese Minister Yoshinori Yoshiyoshi announced to the outside world that puyi would be "accommodated." Of course, this was not out of good intentions, but to prepare for the establishment of a puppet state of Manchukuo in the future. Puyi did not know that he had once again become an object of use.
In 1925, Puyi moved to the Tianjin Concession under the escort of Japan, and interacted with the qing dynasty's widows and warlords everywhere, plotting another restoration. At the same time, all walks of life in Japan have published articles sympathetic to Puyi's being forced out of the palace, which has caused Puyi's good feelings for Japan to rise sharply.
In the foreign concessions, Western culture slowly eroded Puyi, and he used a lot of money to decorate and dress himself, and brought his wife and concubine in and out of various places. In addition, Puyi once again found the feeling of being an emperor here.
In the concession, Puyi received extremely high treatment, and these foreigners not only called him the title of emperor, but also some special places were opened to him. Puyi enjoys such a life, and he is also very sober and understands that all this is brought about by his special "identity". Therefore, for Puyi, if he wants to maintain his current life, he can only achieve it by restoring his identity as "emperor". And these ideas further promoted Puyi's psychology of wanting to restore.
So after Japan proposed the establishment of a puppet manchukuo in the northeast and Puyi to serve as the emperor of the puppet manchukuo, Puyi agreed almost without hesitation, and for this reason he did not even care about the various conditions proposed by Japan that harmed China's use.
Puyi during the puppet Manchukuo period
During the years of the existence of puppet Manchukuo, Puyi got the life he wanted. At the same time, Puyi also acted as a puppet of Japan, frequently traveling to Japan to "speak for" Japan, and such behavior was spurned by all Chinese. Puyi of course knows that he will become a sinner of the country, but he has been trapped all his life, and he is powerless and does not want to change, he can only hope that Japan can always protect himself.
But as an anti-human fascism, Japan could only be defeated in the end. With japan's defeat in China, puppet Manchukuo could only weaken, and on August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and attacked puppet Manchukuo. On the 11th, Puyi and his officials fled south by train overnight.
On the 15th, Japan announced its surrender, and at the same time, Puyi also issued the "Abdication Edict" and went to the airport on the 19th to prepare for a flight to Japan. However, Puyi was arrested by the Soviet Red Army at the last moment of boarding the plane. Immediately, Puyi was imprisoned in the Morokovka Special Prison.
On July 30, 1950, Puyi received a notice from the Soviet government that he was about to be extradited back to China. Unexpectedly, Puyi refused and made a request to the Soviet government that he wanted to stay in the Soviet Union. Later, after understanding, I learned that Puyi had been imprisoned in the Soviet Union for several years, and had received generous treatment, such as not needing to participate in labor, and could eat alone.
Puyi believed that if he stayed in the Soviet Union, he could continue to enjoy these treatments, and if he was sent back to China, not only could he not enjoy these treatments, but he was more likely to be held accountable. However, the Soviet side did not agree to Puyi's request, and on August 1, Puyi and other pseudo-Manchukuo "war criminals" were handed over to the Chinese government.
Soon after, Puyi was sent to the Fushun War Criminals Management Center for ideological education and labor reform, numbered 981. Here, Puyi learned for the first time to dress himself, clean up, and also learned to garden and build.
In fact, since being sent back to China, Puyi has held a pessimistic attitude. It was not until 1956, when Chairman Mao spoke at the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, when he clearly pointed out that puyi and others should be reformed, not simply executed, that Puyi felt hope and began to seriously carry out reform.
In 1959, our Party adopted the first list of ad hoc personnel. Puyi did not hold out much hope for the first batch of amnesties, he said: "No one can have me, my sins are serious." "Other people's attitudes are similar. However, what everyone did not expect was that in the first batch of amnesty, there was Puyi!
When Puyi heard his name, he couldn't believe it, until he took over the pardon order, Puyi dared to confirm that from now on, he was no longer a war criminal, nor was he the emperor who was at the mercy of others before, but a real Chinese citizen!
On February 16, 1960, Puyi took the introduction letter from the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau and came to work in the Botanical Garden of the China Institute of Science and Botany, accompanied by flowers and plants every day, although he needed to work every day, but this was Puyi's happiest time, and he felt that he had found his own value.
On November 26 of that year, Puyi ushered in the day when he participated in the voting as a voter after he became a Chinese citizen. On the same day, Puyi solemnly put on his Zhongshan suit, came to the voting site, and cast his own precious vote. After voting, Puyi cried excitedly. Only he understood that this thin note was not just a vote, but a recognition of him by the new society.
Li Shuxian and Puyi
In 1962, Puyi married the nurse Li Shuxian, and after the marriage, the two supported each other and loved each other. In 1967, Puyi fell ill with uremia. When Premier Zhou heard this, he immediately sent the best doctor to treat Puyi. However, in the full rescue of the doctors, Puyi still did not treat it, and died at 2:30 a.m. on October 17.
After his death, Puyi's burial became a problem, considering Puyi's special status, his family reported the matter to the central government, because Puyi was a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and finally the matter was decided by Premier Zhou. After careful consideration, Premier Zhou gave special instructions to Puyi's family:
Mr. Puyi's aftermath can be handled in accordance with the habits of the Ai Xin Jue Luo family, whether to be cremated and the selection of the cemetery, can be proposed by the family, and the government will fully support it.
Premier Zhou
Later, Premier Zhou was not at ease, and not only arranged for the relevant departments to give Puyi's manuscript fee to Li Shuxian first, but also proposed that Puyi's ashes could be deposited in babaoshan cemetery or Wan'an cemetery.
For the care of Premier Zhou, Puyi's family is very moved, in order to reduce the trouble for Premier Zhou, everyone unanimously decided to deal with Puyi's affairs in a low-key manner, only to make a simple farewell in the hospital, and at the same time temporarily store Puyi's ashes in the Babaoshan People's Columbaria.
On the afternoon of May 29, 1980, Puyi's memorial service was solemnly held in the auditorium of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, with a total of more than 400 participants. After the memorial service, Puyi's urn, under the instructions of the central government, was moved to the first room of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
Puyi Tomb
In 1995, under the auspices of Li Shuxian, Puyi's urn was moved to hualong park in the royal cemetery of the Qing Dynasty. On the afternoon of January 26, after a simple ceremony, Puyi's urn was placed in a "coffin" by the cemetery staff, and the ashes of China's last emperor were buried.
Transferred from Frozen History