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Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty was born in an eventful autumn. At that time, the Manchu Qing was worried about internal and external troubles, and as the last emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty with actual ruling power, he did not have the great talent of his ancestors, nor did he seriously govern the country to revitalize the dynasty, but only blindly borrowed wine to dispel his sorrows, drowned in the female color, and finally died in Chengde on the way to escape. On the occasion of his death, Xianfeng appointed the Eight Great Ministers, and gave the jade reward and the tongdaotang two jade seals on the Empress Niuhulu clan and the Yi Emperor's noble concubine Yehenara clan, which seemed meticulous, but it ruined the future of the Qing Dynasty.
Since the First Opium War, the Manchu Qing court had to deal with class contradictions outside the court, and internally had to deal with class contradictions, but its political system had been twists and turns, which led to a series of mistakes and formed a vicious circle of poverty and weakness. Later, in the Second Opium War, it was even more mishandled, which triggered the British and French forces to invade the city of Beijing, and Xianfeng himself was forced to run to Chengde, and finally died outside the Forbidden City. Since then, on the issue of heirs, the will of the Xianfeng Emperor has once again left a great political hidden danger.
XianFeng considered that the empress was childless, and if the son of the noble concubine inherited the throne, there would be a contradiction between the empress and the queen, so he conceived of a way for the eight ministers to praise Xiang and the two palace empresses to hold a seal each, in order to achieve the effect of mutual restraint. On July 15, 111, The Xianfeng Emperor was seriously ill at the Rehe Palace; on the 16th, the Xianfeng Emperor summoned Zaiyuan the Prince of Yi and eight other ministers to the palace. The Xianfeng Emperor issued an edict: "Emperor Zaichun, the eldest son of the Emperor, was made crown prince"; he also decreed: "Send Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Jingshou, Sushun, Muyin, Kuangyuan, Duhan, and Jiao Youying to assist the crown prince wholeheartedly and praise all government affairs." Zaiyuan and others asked Xianfeng Zhu to write in person to show his solemnity, and the Xianfeng Emperor was too ill to hold the pipe at this time, so he ordered his courtiers to write Zhu's edict.
The arrangement of all this seems to be perfect, but who would have thought that he would exclude the sixth brother Yixuan from the system and make it impossible for him to participate in the politics of the dynasty, but this opened the precursor of political instability. After Xianfeng's death, Sushun and other ministers were well aware of the potential political dangers of the Xigong Nara clan, who was the birth mother of the crown prince, and at the same time, they really adopted the strategy of "suppressing the west and promoting the east" for the sake of the long-term fortunes of the Manchu Qing dynasty. From the ceremonial titles, Ci'an and Cixi were given the titles of the East Palace and the West Palace respectively, in order to show the difference between concubines and concubines, and to divide the two palaces into empresses.
Forced by the situation, Cixi not only took the initiative to win over Empress Dowager Ci'an of the Eastern Palace, but also united with Prince Gong Yixuan, who was at this time in the Beijing Division to negotiate peace with the British and French allies, and joined forces inside and outside, and finally quickly eliminated Sushun and the other eight ministers. After that, in the early years of tongzhi, a political system was formed in which the emperor, xiang, and queen co-existed in the name of The Emperor, Xiang, and Empress Dowager Cixi held the imperial government in the name of Yi Zhi. However, this triangular political structure can only achieve temporary stability, and while Reaching a certain tacit understanding between Cixi and Yixuan, there is also a power contradiction that is difficult to eliminate. Sure enough, in 1865, Empress Dowager Cixi, in the name of YiXuan's lack of etiquette, cancelled the title of King of the Council and withdrew the power of Xiang. After Empress Dowager Ci'an's violent collapse, Cixi even said that at the time of the Sino-French War, she was expelled from the Military Aircraft Department and reorganized the Military Aircraft Department in the name of Yi Xun's ineffective use of personnel.
In this regard, Cixi, who did not have any restraints or restraints, began to act recklessly and do whatever he wanted, and domestic and foreign affairs became more corrupt, thus determining the fate of China being bullied for nearly a hundred years. Therefore, it was Xianfeng's testament that ruined the future of the Qing Dynasty and became the fuse for the demise of the Manchu Qing.