In the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the Chinese People's Liberation Army defeated the Indian army in just one month, giving a head-on blow to the high-flying India. However, when we reflect on this war, the reason why the Chinese People's Liberation Army has achieved brilliant results is not only due to the great man Chairman Mao's far-sightedness and the courage to win a decisive victory thousands of miles away in the midst of his great foresight and strategic planning, but also the determination and courage of the PLA's frontline commanders and fighters to fight with the enemy and defend their homeland.
In addition, from another aspect, it also has a lot to do with the chaotic command system in India and the lack of combat experience of front-line officers and men. Many Indian troops began to surrender and fled after encountering the People's Liberation Army.
In the face of such a force, the PLA has no reason to be invincible, and if it cannot win, it is really sorry for the Indian soldiers.
As far as the commanders of the two sides are concerned, we have generals such as Liu Guohua and Ding Sheng, who have been fighting on the battlefield for a long time, and the commander of India, at the beginning of the 33rd Army, Singh, because he felt that fighting with the Platon Army, would undoubtedly lose, so he resigned.
Finally, Indian Defense Minister Menon and the chief of staff of the army discussed and broke down Singh's 33rd Army and formed a new Fourth Army, so that the newly formed Fourth Army would fight with our Chinese People's Liberation Army, and they also assigned a related household to the Fourth Army as a military commander, and this person was Kaul.
As we all know, in general, most of the relationship households are exaggerated straw bales, there is no real talent, and this test is no exception.
Let him be the commander of the Fourth Army, just like in the Warring States period of our country, the King of Zhao appointed Zhao Kuo as the commander of the Zhao Army to fight the Battle of Changping against baiqi in the Qin state. Zhao Kuo would only talk on paper, there was no actual combat experience at all, there was a white opponent, so the defeat of the Zhao Army was doomed from this moment.
Compared with Zhao Kuo, it can be said that the two people are half a pound and eight two, not bad, and they all belong to the generals on paper, so India's choice of Kao'er as the main general is also doomed to failure.
Kaul himself also changed drastically in his life because of the Sino-Indian War in 1962, from the original lieutenant general of the army to the first negative textbook of the Indian military, which was recorded in history.
Today Lao Qin introduced this Kao'er to everyone, let's take a look at what kind of person this 1962 Indian army commander Kao'er is? Why did he become a negative teaching material for the Indian army?
Kaul was born into a Brahmin family in Kashmir, and in the caste system that was implemented in India in the early years, Kaul was of prominent family.
Another celebrity from this Brahmin family was called Nehru, and nehru's wife was also surnamed Kaul.
In his youth, Kaul was awarded a place reserved for Indians at the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst, England. After graduating in 1933, he entered the La Capténa Rifle Regiment after a year of service in the British army.
The life of the army is difficult, it is difficult to adapt without a strong will, and Kao'er has lived a superior life since childhood, and of course it is difficult to adapt to this life, so after two years, he was transferred to the army service unit.
It can be said that for any young officer who wants to make achievements in the military, Sandhurst College is completely a place to achieve his dreams, and the grass-roots level of the army is the place where dreams set sail, as long as he is solid and calm, and what he has learned is applied, the young and promising Kao'er will definitely have a bright future and become an excellent commander.
However, Kao'er suffered from the grass-roots company, and he asked his superiors to transfer him to the service unit. Kaul's request was quickly approved by his superiors, and he came to the service unit as he wished. test
In this way, although Kaul saved himself and lived a much more stable and comfortable life, he also lost the opportunity to combine war theory with war practice.
In the days of the logistics unit, whenever Kao'er heard the news of the promotion of those comrades in the same unit, his feelings were very complicated, and he chose to leave the grass-roots wing, and at the same time, he also lost the opportunity to be promoted to a higher rank.
Kaul once wrote in his diary: "I have tried several times to return to my original infantry regiment or other infantry unit, but without success. The Rifle Wing of La Garputna did not want me to go back, and perhaps, comfortable with logistics, I was no longer enough to meet the standards required by the combat troops. ”
It can be seen that Kao'er's mentality at that time was that he wanted to be promoted, but he was not willing to suffer hardships, which was a typical mentality of a rich family. In Chinese, he wanted to be a bitch and a torii arch.
There is a saying in the West that when God closes a door for you, it is bound to open a window for you.
For Kaul, although he was abandoned by the old troops, he did not close the door to his promotion.
In 1942, Kaul was promoted to acting lieutenant colonel and worked as a liaison in a location in South India.
The following year, he was transferred to the theater to command a motorized transport unit in the Cohima area, and although these tasks were still logistical work, at least his rank was constantly improving.
Since 1913, when McMahon, the British Governor-General in India, proposed the "McMahon Line", successive Chinese governments have clearly opposed this "McMahon Line".
Since the negotiations between China and Britain did not reach an agreement in 1914, for a long time the British only tentatively surveyed the perimeter of the McMahon Line. It was not until 1936 that the McMahon Line officially appeared on british maps as a national border.
However, a year later, the Japanese war of aggression against China broke out in full swing, and this matter became a "trivial matter of insignificance" of the Nationalist government at that time and was temporarily shelved.
By 1947, India and Pakistan began to establish independent states, and India inherited the British sphere of influence and continued to regard the illegal "McMahon Line" of Southern China as Indian territory.
On territorial issues, post-independence India was even bolder than the British colonists.
After the founding of New China in 1949, our great people began to set their sights on Tibet. At this time, the southern Tibet region had been illegally occupied by India. Although India did not make any achievements in World War II, it was given the opportunity to establish an independent state.
Once freed from the domination and oppression of the British colonialists, the Indians will show greater ambition than the British.
At the beginning of 1950, the Indian army boldly crossed the West Mountain Pass to march into Tawang in our southern Tibet region of China, and by 1954, the Indian army completely controlled the Menyu-Luoyu-Chayu area of the former Tibet south of the "McMahon Line", and the Indian government established the Northeast Border Special Zone for jurisdiction.
Our Premier Zhou said at the sixth Sino-Indian talks in 1954: "The 'McMahon Line' not only has a Sino-Indian border, but also a Sino-Burmese border, which was caused by the British colonialists, who drew it from the Himalayas with a pencil, just like the partition of Africa." Therefore, this line cannot be recognized by the Chinese government, but for the time being, the status quo is maintained, and neither side should cross this line. ”
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made it clear to our Prime Minister Zhou's suggestion: "If there is an opportunity, the two sides will negotiate adjustments." ”
It turns out that negotiations simply cannot resolve anything, especially when the other side is caught in absolute bloat.
This truth is well understood by both The former owner of India, Britain, and its neighbor France. On March 22, 1959, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru formally made a territorial claim to our country, demanding a territorial area of 125,000 square kilometers, including 90,000 square kilometers south of the McMahon Line.
In order to safeguard Sino-Indian friendship, the Chinese Government has always adopted an attitude of restraint and tolerance toward India's armed aggression and unreasonable demands. India, however, sees China's forbearance as weak and deceitful, and has intensified its efforts to create trouble at the border.
The situation on the Sino-Indian border has escalated in the provocations of the Indian army again and again, and there is a possibility of war at any time.
For Indian officers of all branches of the armed forces, the period from the end of World War II to India's independence was a period of high mental tension, and most of India's officers were trained by British military academies, and if they were loyal to the British side, it would be a betrayal of the motherland of India. And to be loyal to India is to violate the duties of a soldier.
But the pro-Independence faction did not leave these soldiers entangled in endless entanglements, in fact, most of the officers were detained by the authorities, and they will be greeted by the trial of the Indian National Assembly.
Instead of sitting idly by in the face of the complicated situation in India, Kaul stole a document from army archives and gave it to the defense lawyers of indian national army officers who were being tried in Delhi at the end of 1954.
Kaul's move was clearly wise, because Jawaharlal Nehru himself had served as one of the defense lawyers for the Indian National Army, and Nehru and Kaul were inextricably linked, and the two were distant relatives in our Chinese language.
So before the trial, Kaul had already found a way to get acquainted with Nehru.
In 1954, when Nehru was last released from prison and traveled to Simla to meet the British Governor, earl Mountbatten, Kaul took the opportunity to meet the future Prime Minister.
Although Kaul likes a comfortable life, he does not enjoy life like other people. Not only would he enjoy it, but his political sense of smell was quite sharp, and he succeeded in currying favor with Nehru.
From then on, until The world-famous World War I in 1962, during which time Kaul and Nehru maintained a very close relationship, and his career was also on the rise because of Nehru's trust in him.
With the support of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Kaul gradually came to power in the political and military spheres, and the Indian military gradually produced two major factions: "pro-Kao faction" and "anti-Kao faction".
It is not difficult to understand that through Kaul's relationship, to be close to Kaul is to be close to Nehru, and naturally you can get a faster promotion. However, there were also a large number of officers who hated this high-ranking general Kao'er, who had no military merit.
Of course, in the face of Kaul, they did not have any way to deal with him. Since Kaul could not bear the resentful eyes of those around him, he carried out a campaign to persecute Major General Sam Manekshaw, fully showing us what it means to be a "villain".
Under the leadership of Nehru, post-independence India implemented a "non-aligned" policy, and with the opportunity to develop between the two great powers of the United States and the Soviet Union, this new country that had just escaped British colonization was given the opportunity to develop.
After the end of World War II, Europe was in a depression, Japan was in a slump, and India grew rapidly by virtue of its geographical advantages and international status. Touted by the third world, India once boasted itself to be the third in the world.
While India's domestic situation is becoming increasingly stable, the swollen India has gradually set its sights on China's Tibet region.
After India gained independence in 1947, the Indian government not only demanded that the Chinese government recognize the "McMahon Line", but also that since 1947, the Indian government's encroachment and annexation of our country's southern Tibet region has intensified. The Tibetan regional government was expelled and the Chinese were injured.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nehru began to actively pursue his "forward policy" and became even more crazy on the road of encroaching on China's territory. Lasts for more than a decade.
From September 17 to 19, 1961, more than 30 members of the Indian army frantically provoked the post of the People's Liberation Army Chinese at the head of the bridge and forced our soldiers on duty to retreat with bayonets, rifles, and submachine guns. Although the People's Liberation Army was only a platoon of troops, it launched a tit-for-tat struggle in the face of a large number of Indian troops, and was unwilling to retreat one step.
The two sides confronted each other until the 20th, when the Indian army finally opened fire first, killing 1 cadre of our People's Liberation Army and wounding 1 soldier, and by the 20th, a total of 47 border defense cadres and fighters of our army were killed and injured.
In this case, our great man issued an order for a counterattack in self-defense against India.
Neither China nor India expected that the war would end in less than two weeks.
At this time, the Indian Army prepared a "Livorno" battle plan for our country, leaving the commander of the 33rd Army, Singh, to be responsible for implementation, and launched an absolute attack on China.
However, this Singer was very clear about the combat level of the Indian army, logistical and material support, and the combat capabilities of our People's Liberation Army, so he was unwilling to implement this plan, believing that this plan was both implemented and inevitable, so he resigned.
Indian Defense Minister Menon and army chief of staff saw that Singh did not carry out the order, so they thought of a way to split Singh's 33rd Army into two corps, of which the 33rd Army was retained, and another 4th Army was formed. At the same time, Kaur was appointed commander of the Fourth Army, leaving him to continue to be responsible for the implementation of the "Livorno" plan.
Why did you let Kaul be the commander of the army?
The first reason is that Kaul and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru are distant relatives and are considered to be related households. With this relationship, India's defense minister and army chief of staff had to consider giving Nehru a face.
The second reason is that Kaul himself was the formulator of India's forward policy, when he was not only the chief of staff of the Indian General Staff, but also a student at the British Military Academy, with overseas military academy study experience.
Kaul had both a face and a face, so he chose him to be the commander of the 4th Army.
Although Kaul had a poor reputation in the Indian army and lacked command ability, he was eventually entrusted with the important task of leading the 4th Army and the Chinese army to war.
Kaul himself was very excited about this appointment, thinking that the opportunity to make a meritorious career had arrived, and dreamed of becoming famous in the First World War. Kaul also ushered in the brightest moment of his life.
Although Kao'er was full of confidence, he could not change the reality that he was actually a straw bag, he had never commanded the battle in a serious way, and he had no battlefield experience.
Let such a person direct the battle, and the results can be imagined.
On the first day of the Battle of Kejielang, the more important battle of the Sino-Indian War, the Indian army Kao'er secretly ran back to the capital New Delhi for medical treatment because of his own bronchitis attack, giving up the command of the troops.
After the Battle of Kejielang, General Zhang Guohua of the People's Liberation Army said with emotion: "I have fought a battle in 33 years, and this is the first time I have fought such a battle. ”
Kaul'er had bad luck, he met our People's Liberation Army. It can also be said that our People's Liberation Army is the beginning of Kao'er's bad luck.
Soon, the Sino-Indian War ended, and China won a complete victory.
In addition to the Fact that the People's Liberation Army was not afraid of sacrifice and dared to fight, we mainly have to thank Comrade Kaul, as a close confidant of Prime Minister Nehru and a lieutenant general of the Indian Army, who, by virtue of his relatives with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, gained the supreme command of the Sino-Indian War of Warun.
Without the wise command of Comrade Kaul, we Chinese the People's Liberation Army may not have won this battle easily. When Comrade Kaul sat in the position of commander-in-chief of the Indian Army, the battle basically lost its suspense.
Kaul's ability should be somewhat similar to Zhao Kuo's, engaging in conspiracies and tricks, engaging in conspiracies and fighting, and persecuting Zhongliang is definitely a good hand, as for fighting? That was a compliment, after all, he had never commanded any battles.
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