Chiang Ching-kuo
preface
On January 13, 1988, Chiang Kai-shek's son Chiang Ching-kuo died at the age of 78. After Chiang Ching-kuo's death, Lee Teng-hui succeeded him, and many people may wonder why the descendants of the Chiang family did not succeed him.
In fact, before Chiang Ching-kuo's death, he left a last word that the Chiang clan would never engage in hereditary power again. After this, Lee Teng-hui succeeded to the presidency, and the descendants of the Chiang family never set foot in politics again.
Chiang Ching-kuo succeeded him as president
Chiang Ching-kuo was born to Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Fumei, and when Chiang Ching-kuo was just born, Chiang Kai-shek was very prosperous and busy, so Chiang Ching-kuo did not visit chiang ching-kuo in his infancy.
And Chiang Ching-kuo grew up under the care of his mother and grandmother, when Xiao Jiang was three years old, he was infected with severe smallpox, and his anxious mother went to the temple every day to burn incense and worship the Buddha, but did not expect that Chiang Ching-kuo actually recovered, but his face left some white marks.
In gratitude, Chiang Kai-shek's mother, Mrs. Wang, donated a pavilion and paved a cross road leading directly to the Daxiong Treasure Hall of Xuedou Temple.
Chiang Kai-shek (right) and Mother Chiang Kai-shek (center), Mao Fumei (left), and Chiang Ching-kuo in his early years as a child
Since then, her mother and grandmother have also worshipped the Buddha, so Xiao Jiang's childhood was raised in an atmosphere of religious belief. Until Xiao Jiang was about ten years old,
Chiang Kai-shek may have only begun to feel that Chiang Ching-kuo was his only son, so he began to pay attention to this son and care about his study life.
In 1920, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Fenghua, and in order to let his teacher personally teach Jingguo, he personally visited his teacher Gu Qinglian, hoping that he could help teach Jingguo, and in this way, Gu Qinglian became Jingguo's teacher.
Because Gu Qinglian was a Confucian with modern concepts, teaching Jingguo also adopted a different approach from ordinary teachers. He first understood the potential and strengths of Jingguo, and then set a class schedule and personally taught Jingguo day after day.
Subsequently, a teacher was arranged to teach the country to read ancient books and poems. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had a wide range of knowledge, so he believed that children should still come out early to meet the world, so when Chiang Ching-kuo was ten years old, Chiang Kai-shek sent him to the Fenglu Academy in Fenghua County, where he once studied.
For his son's education, Chiang Kai-shek attaches great importance to it, so in Chiang Kai-shek's diary, there is also a record of personally reviewing Chiang Ching-kuo's class schedule.
Chiang Kai-shek's youth
However, Chiang Kai-shek did not agree with his mother's education. In November, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Xikou to discuss the education of the country with Lady Mao, but after the discussion, he found that her consciousness was quite different from his, so he wrote a sentence in his diary:
"Mao Fumei's concept is harmful to her son."
Later, Mao Fumei brought the child back to Xikou without Chiang Kai-shek's consent, which caused Chiang Kai-shek to be furious, and it was at this time that Chiang Kai-shek decided to send his son to Shanghai to study.
For children, Chiang Kai-shek can also be regarded as a responsible father. For a while in his hometown, Chiang Kai-shek knew that he had too little time to accompany his children, so during that time in his hometown, Chiang Kai-shek would take time to get along with Jingguo every day, and sometimes he would take a bamboo raft with his son in the evening to enjoy the scenery and catch fish with his son.
For most of the rest of the day, Chiang Kai-shek indulged in his own affairs, reading books and thinking about military plans.
Later, Chiang Kai-shek took Jingguo to Shanghai and entered the fourth grade of Shanghai Wanzhu Primary School.
During this period of studying in Shanghai, despite the busy affairs, Chiang Kai-shek was not absent from his son's education.
He asked his son to write him a letter of two or three hundred words every week, reporting on his studies and experiences, and when jingguo occasionally did not write letters, he was bound to be scolded.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek took his own letter and let his son study when he had time.
Chiang Kai-shek and eight-year-old Chiang Wei-kuo
Chiang Kai-shek knew the importance of reading,
Therefore, he often instructed his son to read some required reading lists, emphasizing that the Four Books, Mencius, the Analects, the Zeng Wenzheng Gongjia Shu, and Wang Yangming's collected works should be read carefully.
Sometimes, he would send his son the books he had read, asking him to read them more than a hundred times. meantime
Chiang Kai-shek also paid great attention to jingguo's calligraphy, suggesting that he should copy one or two hundred words a day.
Fifteen-year-old Chiang Ching-kuo, under the arrangement of his father, crossed the ocean to the Soviet Union and began a 13-year life in the Soviet Union.
During this period, Chiang Kai-shek also worked as a student, a soldier, a peasant, and a worker, and this special experience not only tempered him, but also made his entire personality bear the mark of the Soviet Union.
Chiang Ching-kuo witnessed Stalin's industrialization, and the planned economy made the Soviet Union leap from a backward agrarian country to an industrial power in the world, and all this inspired him. Therefore, after returning to Taiwan, we can also clearly see the shadow of the Soviet planned economy.
With the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Ching-kuo finally returned to his homeland, and after returning to China, he became a commissioner in Gannan, Jiangxi. During his tenure, Chiang Ching-kuo showed all the knowledge he had learned in the Soviet Union.
In 1949, after the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, Chiang Ching-kuo was appointed chairman of the Kuomintang's Taiwan Provincial Party Department.
It can be said that Chiang Kai-shek trained Chiang Ching-kuo according to his successor, but Chiang Ching-kuo's succession road was not smooth.
Although Chiang Ching-kuo left the center of power for some time, Chiang Kai-shek did not stop cultivating Chiang Ching-kuo. In 1969, Chiang Ching-kuo was not only elected as a member of the Tenth Central Committee of the Kuomintang and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee, but at the same time, his confidants Li Huan and Wang Sheng also entered the Central Committee.
In 1969, Chiang Ching-kuo became vice president of the Executive Yuan, and by this time, Chiang Ching-kuo had formed a trend of succession. After this, Chiang Ching-kuo entered a period of consolidation of power, and Chiang Ching-kuo's cronies began to take up important posts in various party departments, and the situation of Chiang Ching-kuo's succession was already clear.
But in 1975, after Chiang Kai-shek's death, although Chiang Ching-kuo had entered the center of power, there were many disobedient Kuomintang elders
。 Chiang Ching-kuo knew that he was in the vortex of politics at this time, so he retreated into the future, and asked for his resignation the day after Chiang Kai-shek's death, so he had a month's bereavement leave.
During this month's time, Chiang Ching-kuo did not slacken off, observing their movements from time to time and making a series of arrangements.
Chiang Ching-kuo made a comeback after stabilizing the situation during the mourning period. On the 28th day of the funeral, he returned to Taipei, and Yan Jiagan nominated Chiang Ching-kuo as chairman of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and in this way, Chiang Ching-kuo successfully took over the post of Chiang Kai-shek and became president.
Chiang Ching-kuo took great pains to become president and became the supreme ruler of Taipei, but why did he tell his descendants not to get involved in politics before his death?
Chiang Ching-kuo left his last words in his final years
Chiang Ching-kuo's later years were in a closed state, and he had fixed arrangements for his daily work and rest. And Chiang Ching-kuo has never left in the decades when he lived in the Seven Seas official residence, and has been dying of illness here.
Chiang Ching-kuo's illness was classified at the time, so in the early days of his illness, the outside world knew nothing. In 1982, some of the upper echelons of Taiwan's military and government began to know that Chiang Ching-kuo's physical condition had occurred, and according to the recollections of the attendants who had been around Chiang Kai-shek, during that period,
Chiang Ching-kuo's health was much worse than most people thought.
However, Chiang Ching-kuo has not been publicly active for almost a long time due to his health, and the public will speculate whether he is in a physical condition. And every time, someone will reveal that Chiang Ching-kuo just rested in a certain restaurant and did not get sick.
Because of years of overloaded work, Chiang Ching-kuo's physical illness suddenly broke out, and it was difficult to resist the invasion of the disease for a while. However, in later public activities, it can also be seen that Chiang Ching-kuo's state is not good.
In 1987, Chiang Ching-kuo always sat in a wheelchair when attending important meetings, and at the celebration of the Double Tenth Festival, Chiang Ching-kuo only gave a speech of more than 100 words, looking pale, weak and weak, and mentally weak.
On December 25, 1987, Chiang Ching-kuo made his last appearance in Taiwan, and on that day was the 40th anniversary celebration of the "Constitution" held by the Kuomintang authorities.
However, he did not speak that day, and even the speech was read by He Yiwu on his behalf
This time, Chiang Ching-kuo only sat on the rostrum for ten minutes.
According to the recollection of Weng Yuan, an adjutant of the inner guard of the official residence who served Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo's father and son for 43 years. On the day of Chiang Ching-kuo's death, his abdominal pain was so severe that he even directly asked his adjutant for help.
Chiang Ching-kuo was meeting guests
"Early that morning, Mr. Jingguo was very uncomfortable, and he kept covering his stomach and crying out in pain, and all morning he was lying down and sitting like this, tossing me and another adjutant to death."
And that day, Chiang Ching-kuo even opened his mouth to ask for help:
"Please, please save me."
And this sentence also made everyone present dumbfounded.
Chiang Ching-kuo is a political strongman in Taipei, they have served around all their lives, they have seen his most powerful appearance, but now they open their mouths to ask them for help, which makes it difficult for everyone to accept.
That day, Weng Yuan had heard Jiang Chingguo complaining about his physical discomfort since seven o'clock in the morning, and in the Jiang family for so many years, they had hardly heard Anything complained about by Jingguo, so this was the first time he had seen Mr. Jingguo so sad all day.
On that day, Chiang Ching-kuo originally had a schedule that had been arranged, but due to physical discomfort, he temporarily took a leave.
Near noon,
Chiang Ching-kuo, who had already played a little bit, seemed to look better, but suddenly asked where his three sons were.
It can be seen that Chiang Ching-kuo knows that his limit is coming, and he will ask his children one by one before he dies.
Chiang Ching-kuo's family
However, only Jiang Xiaowen was around that day, and after seeing his father, Jiang Jingguo did not say anything more, so he waved his hand and let him leave.
At noon, Weng Yuan originally thought that Jiang Chingguo was going to rest, but he did not expect that not long after, Jiang Jingguo suddenly vomited blood, and the sheets were full of blood, Weng Yuan saw this and quickly took out the bowl to catch it, and vomited half of the bowl.
Weng Yuan changed him into clean clothes and put on new sheets, and within five minutes, Jiang Chingguo began to vomit blood again, but this time, Jiang Chingguo could not hold on, and his head was tilted and he closed his eyes.
Everyone present was startled, and the doctor rushed over and pressed his chest, and the nurse took out a cardiac injection to inject him. But in the end, the last president of the Chiang family has run out of oil.
Two Jiang personal bodyguards Weng Yuan
At three o'clock in the afternoon, Taiwan officially announced to the outside world that Chiang Ching-kuo had passed away.
In fact, in chiang ching-kuo's last year or two, he also did two earth-shattering events. The first thing is to "lift the strictness," and the second thing is to open up the mainland to visit relatives. At the end of that year, more than 30,000 people visited relatives from Taiwan to the mainland, and when Chiang Ching-kuo learned of such a situation, he also said with emotion:
"We got it right."
After Chiang Ching-kuo's death, many people speculated about which person in the Chiang family would succeed to the presidency. However, to the surprise of everyone, Lee Teng-hui, a person who was not a disciple of the Chiang family, became his successor.
For a time, it caused a lot of speculation at home and abroad. In fact, long before Chiang Ching-kuo's death, he had already declared to the outside world:
The Chiang clan will never engage in hereditary power.
And he did,
The main reason is that he does not want his children to fall into the political whirlpool, only wants them to live a stable life, so in order to protect his descendants, Chiang Ching-kuo restricted his children from entering politics.
The descendants of the Chiang family no longer set foot in politics
Chiang Kai-shek's great-grandson Jiang Yousong said:
"The Chiang family has not been in politics since the fourth generation of descendants."
And Jiang Youbai also said that the most important thing for the fourth generation of descendants of the Chiang clan is to learn to be a great person.
Jiang Chingguo's family in the back row, Jiang Xiaowen, Jiang Xiaozhang, front row, Jiang Xiaowu, Jiang Fangliang, Jiang Jingguo, Jiang Xiaoyong
Therefore, after chiang ching-kuo's death, the four generations of the Chiang clan rejected the aura of "four generations of politics" and were active in various industries.
Chiang Ching-kuo had five sons and a daughter. They are: Jiang Xiaozhang, Jiang Xiaowen, Jiang Xiaoyong, Jiang Xiaoci, Jiang Xiaoyan and Jiang Xiaowu. Over the years, some of them have settled abroad, Chinese can not say well. Others settle on the mainland.
Jiang Xiaozhang, the second child of Chiang Ching-kuo, was a mixed-race child who later married Yu Yanghe, the son of Chiang Ching-kuo's Yu Dawei, and then settled in San Francisco with her husband.
The eldest son, Jiang Xiaowen, lived a life of a clumsy child when Chiang Ching-kuo was alive, so he did not participate in politics, and his only daughter, Jiang Youmei, was a painter and settled in England most of the time.
Jiang Xiaowu's son also founded an investment company in the United States and settled in the United States. Jiang Xiaoyong's sons Jiang Youbai and Jiang Youchang founded a design company in Taiwan.
Jiang Youbai
As Chiang Kai-shek's great-grandson, Many people have asked him why he did not engage in politics. And he always said that he was only interested in business.
In his childhood memories, he only remembers that he moved abroad after the death of his grandfather Chiang Ching-kuo. At that time, his father, Jiang Xiaoyong, did not know what he should do for a while, so he decided to leave Taiwan. Later, Jiang Xiaoyong was sick in bed, and Jiang Youbai also confirmed his ideas to his father.
For his father's decision, Jiang Youbai also agreed, if he had not fled Taiwan at that time, they would most likely have fallen into the same confused situation as their father at this time.
However, before Jiang Xiaoyong died, he was also told not to enter politics. This also coincides with Chiang Ching-kuo's idea that in order to give future generations a stable life, they chose not to engage in politics and stay away from the chaos of the political arena.
The careers of the descendants of the Chiang family involved art, law, diplomacy, industry and commerce and other fields, but from the fourth generation onwards, they preferred to engage in art in business.
Song Meiling
In the summer of 2003, Chiang Kai-shek's wife, Soong Mei-ling, died in New York at the age of 106. After her death, Song Meiling was buried at Fincliff Cemetery in New York. This well-known person, who witnessed the rise and fall of the Chiang clan, did not leave any wills and last words before his death. In this way, the Chiang family officially withdrew from the stage of history.
In the modern history of our country, the Chiang clan has gradually disappeared. But fortunately, Chiang Kai-shek had an only son, Chiang Ching-kuo, the eldest son, and the Chiang clan began to flourish from the third generation, and the fourth generation began to blossom and scatter.
Although their descendants have not been able to achieve political success, they have also gained their own place in other industries.
The jiang family once played a pivotal role in China's modern history, but with the passage of time, the Jiang family gradually withdrew from the stage of history and became the real history, becoming the talk of the world after tea and dinner.