Yang Yang China, the history is long,
And the museum
It is to collect various historical periods
A treasure trove of heritage treasures.
People's Daily Cultural and Creative Special Launched the "Collection of National Treasures" column,
Take you to admire the treasures of the major museums!
This issue explores
Is the National Museum of China!
National Museum of China
Treasure of the National Museum of China
Stepmother Pentadydon
Era: Shang
Utensils: Height 133 cm, mouth length 112 cm, mouth width 79.2 cm
Excavation date: 1939
Place of origin: Wuguan Village, Anyang City, Henan Province
Houmu Pengding, formerly known as Simu Pengding, excavated in 1939 in Wuguan Village, Anyang City, Henan Province, is the heaviest bronze known in ancient China, and was listed by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 2002 in the "Catalogue of the First Batch of Cultural Relics Prohibited from Exporting for Exhibition".
The hindmus is huge, majestic and solemn, with thick ears, a rectangular abdomen, and four-column feet underneath. The surrounding area of the body and the upper part of the pillar foot are decorated with solemn animal ornaments such as gluttony, which makes the cultural relics more powerful and dignified. The inner wall of the abdomen of the vessel is inscribed with the inscription "Houmu Peng", which is the temple number of the mother of the Shang King. The metal raw materials required for the casting of houmu pengding exceed 1000 kg, such a large artifact, there are a series of complex technical problems in the casting process, and the successful casting of this ding is enough to represent the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty.
Red Mountain Jade Dragon
Era: Neolithic
Utensils specifications: height 26 cm
Excavation date: 1971
Place of origin: Saiqin Tara, Weng Niu Special Banner, Inner Mongolia
Hongshan Jade Dragon, excavated in 1971 in Inner Mongolia Weng Niu Te Banner Saiqin Tara, this cultural relics are intact, similar to the "dragon" character technique in the oracle bone, is one of the earlier dragon-shaped cultural relics of the era that have been discovered in China, and has the reputation of "The First Dragon of China".
The Hongshan Jade Dragon is carved from dark green Xiuyan jade, and the overall shape is capitalized reverse letter C, and the line surface is concise. The head is long and slender, the long hairs on the neck are flying and upturned, and the dragon's body is smooth and unstried, with only fine checkered mesh patterns engraved on the forehead and the bottom of the jaw. In the Neolithic era, there are many sites that resemble dragons, and this Hongshan jade dragon has a unique shape and exquisite craftsmanship, which has high artistic and ornamental value.
Four sheep bronze square statue
Specifications: Maximum diameter 44.4 cm, height 58.6 cm, weight 34.6 kg
Excavation date: 1938
Origin: Huangcai, Ningxiang, Hunan
The Four-Yang Bronze Fangzun, a bronze ceremonial vessel of the Shang Dynasty, is the largest surviving Bronze Fangzun of the Shang Dynasty. This bronze shape is majestic, ingenious, and skillfully combines the four sheep and the body into one, showing a superb casting level, and is called "the ultimate bronze model" by historians.
The overall shape of the four sheep bronze square statue is simple and beautiful, alluding to the static, the shoulders, abdomen and feet as one body are cleverly designed as four curly horned sheep, each according to a corner, the sheep head and the sheep neck protrude from the outside of the vessel, and the sheep body and leg are attached to the abdomen and circle feet. The organic combination of utensils and animal shapes gives vivid interest to the original dull utensils, and achieves the perfect combination of technology and art. The area around Dongting Lake in Hunan Province, where artifacts were excavated, was the activity area of Sanmiao in the Shang Dynasty, and copper statues similar in shape to the Central Plains were found here, indicating that the influence of Shang culture had reached as far south as the Yangtze River.
Drumming rap terracotta figurines
Era: Eastern Han Dynasty
Utensils specifications: height 56 cm
Excavation date: 1957
Place of origin: Tianhui Mountain, Chengdu, Sichuan
Drumming and rap figurines are known as the "first figurines of the Han Dynasty", which is an excellent sculpture work full of strong folk atmosphere and local style, which provides us with vivid physical historical materials for us to study the social life customs, clothing and clothing of the Han Dynasty and the folk rap art of that time.
This drumming rap figurine vividly reproduces the image of Hai You who is rapping, it wears a hair on its head, has a floral ornament in front of its forehead, exposes its chest and abdomen, wraps its left arm around a flat drum, and raises a hammer in its right hand to strike, with a witty look, exaggerated movements, and the overall shape is clumsy and majestic, but the details are vividly portrayed, which is a representative of the sculpture art of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Many similar drumming and rap figurines have been unearthed in Sichuan, indicating that Haiyou rap performances in Shudi were quite popular at that time, and han Dynasty paintings of stone music and dance were often seen with funny performers, which shows the prevalence of haiyou performances at that time.
Empress Xiaoduan's phoenix crown
Era: Ming
Specifications: height 48.5 cm, crown height 27 cm, diameter 23.7 cm, weight 2320 g
Place of origin: Ming Ding Mausoleum, Beijing
Empress Xiaoduan's phoenix crown was excavated in 1957 at the Ming Ding Mausoleum in Beijing. A total of 2648 exquisite cultural relics have been excavated from the Ming Ding Mausoleum Underground Palace, most of which are rare treasures, which comprehensively and intuitively reflect the highly developed material culture level in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In particular, the silk weaving process and metal production process can be described as the pinnacle and unparalleled. At that time, there were four phoenix crowns unearthed together, of which this one belonged to Empress Xiaoduan's Nine Dragons Nine Phoenix Crowns into the Tibetan National Museum.
Empress Xiaoduan's phoenix crown is solemn, made of lacquered bamboo into a hat tire, the fabric is made of silk drapery, the front is decorated with nine golden dragons, the mouth beads are dripping, there are eight dots of green phoenix underneath, and there is also a golden phoenix in the rear, a total of nine dragons and nine phoenixes. Jin Fengfeng's head is facing downwards, and the mouth is dripping with beads. The beads can be shaken as if they were walking. The phoenix crown is exquisitely made, using the process of filigree, dot green, inlay, wear, etc., a total of more than 100 unprocessed natural gemstones, more than 5,000 pearls, golden and jade, magnificent.
Lee
Era: Western Zhou
Specifications: height 28 cm, caliber 22 cm
Excavation date: 1976
Place of origin: Lintong Zero Mouth, Shaanxi Province
Li Gui, the representative work of the early Western Zhou Dynasty, is the earliest Western Zhou bronze heavy weapon found in China, and it is also the only witness of the famous battle of Makino, which provides real information for the history, culture and military of The Western Zhou Dynasty in China.
The shape of the bronze gui is diverse and complex, there are circles, squares, upper circles and other forms, and the shape of the bronze gui is a typical shape below the upper circle of the bronze gui in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, which reflects the ancient concept of the ancient Chinese people believing that the heavens are round. The ornamentation of the decorative ligui vessel body also adds a bit of solemnity and mystery to the solemn and solemn Li Guiping, which is also decorated with the traditional patterns of shang zhou bronzes, such as animal face patterns, dragon patterns and cloud thunder patterns. From the perspective of appearance and ornamentation, Li Gui is nothing special, the most valuable thing is the 4-line 33-character inscription cast on the bottom of its abdomen, which records a major historical event, that is, the Battle of Muye by King Wu, which is an important physical witness accurately determined by the Chinese Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, which is extremely precious.
Producer: People's Daily Cultural Creation
Image from the National Museum of China, Photo Network