In fact, this question itself is a false proposition, rather than asking them why they did not stay in the capital or where they took office, it is better to talk about the transfer of ancient officials.
I. External Causes: The Problem of The Transfer of Officials in Ancient Times
If we want to talk about the transfer of officials in ancient times, we must first start with the Tang Dynasty, which is about 1,300 years old.
To say that Li Tang is a prosperous world, this is something that most people will not deny, after all, the national strength is there, and some things have become a well-known story in our current people, and part of the reason for the strong national strength is that I think it is in its more mature official system.
Why? Put it this way, datang is not an era where only the emperor has to worry about, the Li family did not learn from the emperor of the ages to monopolize power and take everything over themselves, so until the fall of Li Tang, I did not hear of any emperor because of overwork; similarly, Datang is also an era that will not rest assured that power will be handed over to one person, because they have both left and right phases, although the indulgence of the prime minister is one of the important reasons for the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. But more of the reasons came from the emperor who appointed the prime minister.
Three provinces and six ministries, the tedious work is not handled by one person, but all of it is divided in an orderly manner, refined, layer by layer, and the final summary will not be a chaotic mess, but an orderly and relatively simplified report, it can be said that the Tang official system has coordinated the entire Tang dynasty into a balanced collective between individuals, and it is this balance that has created a stable Tang Dynasty.
This is very important, I am not saying that such a system is very important, after all, such a system in later generations has also been constantly updated in the change of the times, but the intention behind them is unchanged - checks and balances. I would like to say checks and balances, because the issue of the transfer of officials in ancient times was also related to checks and balances.
In ancient times, it was impossible for a local official to continue to serve in his place of office for a long time, and every few years, such a local official would be "promoted" or "demoted" for various reasons.
Ancient information was not developed, and when an official was in office for a long time and already had a certain cohesion and influence, the ill-intentioned villain would create a force in his own area, and the emperor was not good at getting the news that the official had condensed the power in one place.
Such a situation is lightly a situation where an official is acting as a mighty and blessed person in one place, or using his own position and power to seek some private interests, and if it is serious, if it is small, it will be like the historical Surabaya Pavilion Chief, or Chen Sheng Wu Guang, who will become a rebel army, and if it is the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, the situation in the Central Plains, the lessons of the past and the division of the latter, since the experience of the predecessors is still vivid, how can it still allow potential dangers to exist?
As a retired official, it is difficult to explain that you stay in the place of office, after all, you can't prove that you have not quietly developed power in the place of office.
But this is only aimed at local officials, and there is a different set of views on officials in Kyoto, the political center.
When a person is a long-term important minister in the middle of the dynasty, at this time his identity has changed, he will not be able to live in his own personal identity, but will be tied to the name of a korean old man to live, at this time even if he himself does not find trouble, trouble will find him.
Zhang Yanyu, an old minister of the Three Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, is a good example.
First of all, zhang Yanyu was a cautious person who was deeply trusted by Yongzheng, but in his later years he was harassed by Qianlong in various ways.
As an old minister of the Three Dynasties, Zhang Yanyu was still in a high position in his later years, but when he was almost 80 years old, the death of his eldest son made him sad and his body was getting weaker and weaker, and in recent years he felt the distrust of the emperor, he thought: "I am really old and weak, and most of the relatives in the family have also dipped his light to become an official in the DPRK, and he is now an old minister of the Three Dynasties, and he is in a high position, which is really enough." So the old man had the idea of resigning.
But it was this idea of resignation that caused the old man to suffer in various ways in his later years.
Almost 80-year-old man, the emperor himself said that the health is not good to use in the early dynasty, he now wants to return to his hometown, he thinks that the emperor understands him, after all, it is really a life dedicated to the court, now there is no use at all, it is better to go home to farm, listen to the praise of the villagers.
But the emperor did not think so, the emperor thought that he should not just go home for pleasure, immediately deserve to enjoy the Temple, and how to do such salted fish, continue to do, as long as you do not die, continue to work, dry death, you deserve to enjoy the Temple!
Zhang Yanyu could not bear this day, or chose to say a few words to the emperor euphemistically, hoping that he could not only keep the land that the former emperor had given him, but also return to his hometown with peace of mind.
Qianlong was very unhappy, what are you talking about, it seems like Zhu Yuanzhang asked Liu Bowen to tell the old man to return to his hometown, I must let you tell the old man to return to his hometown, he still did not say it too clearly, only told Zhang Yanyu that you can go home, you can also enjoy the Taimiao Temple.
Zhang Yanyu was very happy to hear this, but he was also too happy too soon.
After receiving the emperor's news, he immediately sent his son to thank the emperor, and then excitedly went to the emperor early the next morning to thank him.
It was these two thanks that made Qianlong angry, and he Zhang Yanyu was punished.
Qianlong was angry not for anything else, the first point was because Zhang Yanyu did not come to thank him himself, and the second point was that Zhang Yanyu came to thank him before he gave his order, so that he suspected that someone had leaked the information inside the Military Aircraft Department.
At this moment, Zhang Yanyu was really guilty, did not ask for leave, and lost his title.
But this still does not allow Zhang Yanyu's retirement heart to retreat a little.
Zhang Yanyu did not give up on the second retirement, and this third retirement request directly made Qianlong almost depose him from the Taimiao Temple, and he was even punished for others.
Although he did not receive any evidence of incriminating evidence during the raids, he was also entitled to the Temple after his death.
But many of these misfortunes came from his identity and status.
He was in a high position, an old minister of the Three Dynasties, and he was trusted by Yongzheng and Qianlong for many years, and his entire family was an official in the middle of the dynasty, and there were many people below who begged him, although he deeply knew what kind of minister Qianlong and Yongzheng wanted, and he had always done the same, but he still couldn't imagine overturning at the end.
To be clear, it is not that what he did is wrong, but there is a problem with the people at the bottom who want to seduce him, and he just had a disagreement with the emperor at this time, which made the emperor unhappy, the emperor checked, found him on the head, to take advantage of this opportunity to play, to vent the anger that was angry before.
And this is one of the reasons why he himself wants to retire back to his hometown, probably because he does not want to continue to cause trouble in the capital because of his identity, or some people will inexplicably find him if they make mistakes, in short, he wants to get rid of this identity and suffer less.
Second, the inner personal factors: missing home and nurturing future generations
1. Individual
But in fact, not everyone is willing to be an official, some people just have revenge in their hearts, but for a while they can't find a way to achieve revenge, they think of becoming an official, and after becoming an official, they find out what they really want, and then turn to pursue that kind of thing, which is related to personality.
Everyone's personality is different, some people have pursued fame and fortune and career all their lives, some people have been fleeing from the world and officialdom all their lives, for them, being an official is really not a good choice, it is better to retire early, go home to farm, and be happy and quiet at home; there are also some people, being an official is just a way to live for them, and their own talents are not enough to support them to sit on a high position, and even after really sitting on a high position, retirement will want to stay away from the political whirlpool in the capital, because it is too dangerous in that place. He was only willing to live a better life than the average person in a small place, and he could be respected in his status, and it became the most appropriate way to be an official who was convenient for his family.
2. Family
Sometimes, being an official is not for the sake of the individual, but for the sake of the family, such as Zhang Yanyu. His father was an official, he was an official. His father became an official, so he was pulled over with his brothers, and he became an official, and several of his children followed his light and became officials.
At that time, it was always convenient for the family to have a self who was an official and then go to the official, and these conveniences were not direct abuse of power for personal gain, but the transfer of various experiences in the official field, the understanding of various character identities, such benefits were invisible, or Zhang Yanyu, because his father was an official, his father also had his own way of being an official, he learned a little, so he inherited his father's caution in the official field.
In general, not staying in the capital and not staying in the place of office are the reasons for having a last resort or some simply called wayward feelings, the career of an official is already difficult, the ancients are seeking a balance, in the life of constant suppression of them, to find some balance to continue the next life.
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