1. The way of the university, in Mingmingde, in the people, in the end of the good. Knowing and then having concentration, being still and then being able to be still, being quiet and then being able to be at peace, being able to be at peace and then being able to worry, worrying and then being able to get. Things have an end, and things have an end. If you know what you have done, you will be close to the road.
[Note] Selected from the first chapter of "University".
Dao: Purpose, program. Ming: The first clear verb, manifestation, manifestation. D: Virtue. Pro: Update. Stop: There is the intention of achieving and maintaining. Perfection: The most perfect and complete state. Concentration, the orientation of the mind. Ben: originally referred to the root of the tree, and finally: originally referred to the treetop.
The purpose of the university is to carry forward the virtue of honor and righteousness, to renew the people's customs, and to achieve the highest state of perfection of moral integrity and ability.
Know what you want to achieve, and then your ambition can be determined. After the ambition is determined, you can calm down, after the mind is quiet, you can be relaxed and comfortable, after you are idle and comfortable, you can seriously consider it, and after careful consideration, you can gain something.
Everything has a root and a branch, everything has an end and a beginning, and knowing what comes first and what comes later is close to being reasonable.
At the beginning of "The University", it is stated that its purpose lies in the bright and pure mind and the bright and upright virtues of human talents; It lies in leading by example, setting an example and then enlightening people's self-consciousness, removing material desires, constantly renewing their virtues, and reaching the highest state of perfection and perfection.
If you have an understanding of the program of the university, you will naturally establish your life aspirations and take this as the ideal direction of life. If you have determined the ambition in your heart, you will not be easily disturbed by external objects, and you will pursue it unswervingly until death.
No matter what you are faced with, you can think carefully, so that you can get the most good reason, and understand that the relationship between Mingmingde and the people is like the relationship between the fundamental and the end. "Knowing and stopping" is the beginning, "being able to get" is the result, and there is a deep understanding and understanding of the university program, which is naturally not far from the realization of the university way.
2. Those who desire to know the light of the world in the past will first rule their country. Whoever wants to rule his country, first gather his family; Those who want to unite their homes, first cultivate their bodies; Those who want to cultivate their bodies, first straighten out their hearts; Those who want to correct their hearts, first be sincere; Those who want to be sincere; First to know; Greetings in the lattice.
[Note] Selected from the second chapter of "University". Qi: Management. Xiu: Cultivation. Positive: Upright. To: Push the pole, get. Lattice: The study of the principles of things.
In ancient times, if you want to make everyone in the world carry forward the virtues of honor and righteousness, you must first govern your own country; If you want to govern your country well, you must first manage your own family;
If you want to manage your family well, you must first cultivate your body and mind; If you want to cultivate your body and mind, you must first correct your mind; If you want to straighten out your mind, you must first prove your sincerity;
If you want to prove your sincerity, you must enrich your knowledge; Rich knowledge lies in the in-depth study of the principles of things.
【Appreciation】Governing the country, the family, and the world are all questions of how to behave as a person, and to be a person with moral cultivation is a matter of self-cultivation.
The moral ideal personality is embodied in behavior and discipline, but behavior is determined by ideological aspirations, if ideological aspirations are mixed with private lusts and material desires.
It is manifested in the fact that the behavior is not in accordance with the code of ethics. Therefore, as long as the ideological ambition is sincere, the mind can naturally be embodied in various behavioral things, the mind is not tempted by material desires, and the moral personality is established.
In fact, the premise of moral cultivation is to acquire knowledge and master the principles of being a human being through study.
Thus, in the first part of this passage, in order to rule the world peacefully and create a moral world, there must be a moral state, the state is composed of the family, and the family is composed of individual people; Ultimately it comes down to human virtue and moral personality.
3. After knowing the qualities, knowing and then knowing the sincerity, sincerity and then the heart, the heart and then the body cultivation, the body cultivation and then the family, the family and then the country, the country and then the world peace.
[Note] Selected from the second chapter of "University".
After in-depth study of things, knowledge can be enriched, after knowledge is enriched, sincerity can be confirmed, after sincerity is confirmed, the mind can be corrected, after the mind is correct, the body and mind can be cultivated, after the physical and mental cultivation, the family can be managed well, after the family is well managed, the country can be well governed, and after the country is well governed, the world can be at peace.
[Appreciation] This passage is a relative retelling of the previous paragraph. The previous paragraph explains that it is necessary to make the world clear and moral, and finally push it to people to learn to master knowledge, understand things, cultivate self-cultivation, and cultivate moral sentiments.
And this passage emphasizes that through study, cultivating learning and morality, and establishing one's own moral personality, people with benevolent cultivation are the foundation and key to governing the country and the world.
In terms of reasoning and logic, the two paragraphs are only rhetorical and rhetorical, but they both expound the principle of governing the country and the world.
4. To be a king, to stop at benevolence; To be a subject, to be respectful; As the Son of Man; Ends with filial piety; Fatherhood ends with mercy; Friendship with the people of the country ends with faith.
[Note] Selected from the third chapter of "University". STOP: Reached. RESPECTFUL: Respectfully. Mercy: Loving- Faith: Faithfulness, integrity.
As a monarch, you must attain benevolence; As a subordinate, you must achieve respect; As a son, you must achieve filial piety; As a father, we must attain love; To interact with the people, it is necessary to achieve integrity.
【Appreciation】In the first chapter of "University", it expounds the three programs of Mingmingde, affinity for the people and the end of the supreme good, and the eight items of personality, knowledge, sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, family, governance, and peace in the world. Emphasize that through study, enrich their knowledge, know the book and reason, understand the way of life, cultivate morality, and establish their ideal moral personality.
Take "stopping at the highest good" as the direction or goal, so that you can move forward all the time on the road of benevolence and good deeds. Therefore, the most good place is manifested in the daily life and work of people, such as the benevolence of the monarch, the courtesy of the courtiers, the filial piety of the son, the kindness of the father, the letter of the national friendship, etc. can all work in a better direction, and never stop.
If you want to "stop at the highest good", you need to give full play to your knowledge, affection, and intention, go all out, and not slacken off, and then there will be better results.
5. The so-called sincere person does not deceive himself. Like a foul smell, like lustful, this is called humility.
[Note] Selected from the third chapter of "University". No: Don't. Evil: The former disgusted, the latter filthy. Good: the former likes, the latter beautiful.
The proof of sincerity is whether or not to deceive oneself, as if one dislikes strange smells, as if one likes beautiful colors, which is called self-gratification.
[Appreciation] This passage is mainly a discussion of the meaning of sincerity. In volume 15 of the Zhuzi Language Class, it is said: "The beginning of the knowledge of the lattice; Those who are sincere also the beginning of the action. ”
That is, to understand the truth of things, in order to achieve the state of knowledge, and then to know everything about the truth, but having a wealth of knowledge does not necessarily mean that benevolence, understanding that things do not necessarily necessarily follow the principle, only those who are honest and not deceitful can truly eliminate evil for good.
This is also the premise of self-cultivation and righteousness. Therefore, let the mind be true and unashamed, like disgusting the smell of filth, like loving beautiful colors, not hypocritical, not deceiving, and everyone should encourage themselves.
6, rich run house, moral run body, heart wide body fat, so the gentleman will be sincere.
[Note] Selected from the third chapter of "University". Moisturizing: moisturizing, finishing. Wide: Wide flat. Fat: Anshu.
A rich man can glorify his house, and a man of benevolence will cultivate his body and mind, his heart will be relaxed, and his body will naturally be at ease. Therefore, the gentleman must prove his sincerity.
【Appreciation】 As a gentleman, you must have sincerity, and you must warn yourself at the moment when your mind is about to be issued, so that your mind is true and innocent.
Because of the right and wrong of the mind, it is inevitably manifested in various words and deeds, and the sincerity of the mind is the expression of good moral character.
Therefore, a gentleman with benevolence and virtue, who does things brightly and uprightly, has no guilt in his heart, is naturally open-minded and open-minded, and his body is comfortable and strong all due to sincerity.
7, the gentleman is virtuous and kisses his relatives, the villain is happy and profitable, this is not forgotten in the world.
[Note] Selected from the third chapter of "University".
Sage: The former sage is respected, and the latter, the honored sage. Relatives: The former close, the latter close to the relatives. Joy: The former takes pleasure in this, the righteousness of enjoyment, and the latter rejoices and rejoices. Benefit: The former takes this as a benefit, gets the righteousness, and the latter benefits.
Future generations of gentlemen respect the wise men who should be respected, close to the relatives who should be close, ordinary people enjoy the happiness they get, and use the benefits they get, so they never forget the previous saint kings for the rest of their lives.
[Appreciation] This sentence is a summary of the first half of this, the first part of which deals with the virtues of the previous generation of saints who ended at the highest good, and the people admire them and cannot forget them.
Describe the effect of renewing the folk style to prove the role of Matilda, so that the sages of virtue in later generations feel the grandeur of the virtues of the previous kings, and naturally respect them.
Future generations of gentlemen inherit the hongde foundation of the former king, naturally miss gratitude, and the people enjoy the happiness of living and working in peace and contentment, so they will never forget the previous saint king for the rest of their lives.
Reasoning is sufficient, proving the great role of "stopping at the highest good".
8. A gentleman has all his own and then asks for others, and if there is none, he is not a man. Those who hide in the body are not forgiven, but can be used as a metaphor for all, and there is no one.
[Note] Selected from chapter 11 of "University". Unforgiveness: Do not push yourself and others. Yu: Make people understand, make people accept.
[Translation] For the merits of the gentleman, he should have them in himself and then ask others; For shortcomings, you must not criticize others later. What you have in yourself is not forgiveness, but you can teach others, and you have never had it.
【Appreciation】To govern the country, first of all, the family; If you don't cultivate yourself, you can't go home. From self-cultivation to the Qi family, to the governance of the country, is the most natural thing, so the "University" said: "a family is benevolent, a country is prosperous, one family is allowed, and one country is prosperous."
Whether the head of the family is self-cultivation or not is an example for the family, the self-cultivation of the monarch also plays an exemplary role for the people, and the behavior of the ruler can most attract the attention of the people, and it is easy to go up and down.
Those who govern the country must be cautious in their words and deeds, so that they can be consistent with their words and deeds, and that they can personally practice all the liturgical decrees they implement, and can love the people, be considerate of the people's hearts, consider the way to raise the people and teach the people, and enable the people to be satisfied in their material and spiritual lives.
Only when the people are satisfied and accept their etiquette and indoctrination, abide by the government decrees and the legal system, can they demand of others. Therefore, for a gentleman, having moral cultivation will otherwise be counterproductive.
9. The so-called peaceful world is ruling its country, the elderly and the people are filial piety, the elders are long and the people are prosperous, and the people are lonely and the people are not doubled.
[Note] Selected from Chapter 12 of "University".
Top: Monarch. Old man: The first old finger is respected, and the latter old finger is the old man. Long: The first long finger respects, the second long finger refers to the elders. Brother: Filial piety. Compassion, rescue. Lonely: No father. Times: i.e. back, disobedience, betrayal.
The so-called pacification of the world lies in the good governance of one's own country, that is, the monarch respects the elderly, and the people will advocate filial piety; When the monarch respects the elders, the people will advocate obedience; If the monarch takes pity on orphans, the people will not turn their backs.
【Appreciation】Words are not as good as teaching by example. The key to the Qi family is self-cultivation, and only by cultivating can we educate our families. In addition to indoctrination, the way of governing the country also requires government decrees, but after all, it is based on indoctrination. This passage emphasizes the exemplary role of the monarch in governing the country.
As long as those at the top have the behavior of respecting the elderly and respecting the elders and showing mercy to the lonely and the suffering, the people will spontaneously rise up filial piety, compassion, and non-betrayal. This is just the ability to push oneself and others, and the people's hearts are all the same.
If a man who is a monarch can clean himself up, cultivate benevolence, and practice benevolent government, he will naturally gain the support of the people and maintain the world. This is the way of the king, not to make itself, the way to govern the country is this reason.
10. If the Word is won by the multitude, he shall be given the kingdom; If the crowd is lost, the country is lost.
[Note] Selected from Chapter 14 of "University". Dao: The meaning of words refers to the principle of governing the country.
That is to say, if you get the hearts of the people, you can get the whole country; If you lose the hearts of the people, you lose the whole country.
【Appreciation】The Confucian idea of governing the country is to govern the country with morality, to rule the country with courtesy, and to put the people first. The truth expounded in this sentence is the same as Mencius's "more help for those who have gained the tao, and less help for those who have lost the way" .
Those in power should attach importance to the power of the people and regard the people as the foundation of the country, because the people's backs determine the survival of the country.
A virtuous monarch should conform to the will of the people, promote himself and others, and do not do to others what he does not want, treat the people with leniency, treat the people kindly, care for the people's suffering, and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. With the support and support of the people, nature will retain the world.
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