A gentle gust of wind awakens the body that has been sleeping for a thousand years; a gentle gust of wind blows away the mysterious veil of history. Standing on the shoulders of time, I talk to history.
The outbreak of the First World War was triggered by the shooting of Archduke Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, and his wife by a Serbian youth. 2 small European countries, 1 fortuitous event, the Entente alliance behind each of them from the "field" to the gun on each other, the world's five continents 32 countries involved in the war.
The reasons for the outbreak of the First World War are most often Germany, Austria-Hungary, Britain, and Russia in terms of the determination of war responsibility, which can be summarized as imperial expansion and great power competition, alliance system and secret diplomacy, military strategy and arms race, war psychology and war mood, the July crisis and the decision of various countries to participate in the war, etc., but they do not seem to be comprehensive enough.
The real reason for the outbreak of the First World War was the "accidental" gathering of various factors, and despite the grand scale of the war, the participants were half pushed and half reluctant. The ambiguity of the reason is actually a demon in the human heart, which makes the First World War more like a senseless act with no purpose and no gain.
1. "About to frame" to find someone to support the field, not afraid of many people, afraid of "two poles" really do.
At the beginning of the 20th century, it can be said that the human world has not changed greatly, and the relationship between countries is a bit like the relationship between people with a child's temper. The Austro-Hungarian Empire sounds strong, but it is a European declining noble, even a medium-sized country, Serbia is even weaker, the contradiction between them, originally a local conflict, but because of the popular fight at that time, each country has three or five friends, a greeting to the confrontation.
The contradiction between the 2 little brothers was not a big deal, but the participation of the "big brothers" became a big thing, first Germany came out for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, declared war on Serbia, close to Russia could not watch the little brothers being bullied, the big brothers directly tore their faces, and nearly 30 little brothers reluctantly came to the battlefield.
Originally, I thought it was to do a show, and the battle was still not good. This is just like the covenant fight in reality, the more people there are, the more worries there are, the more they can't fight. From the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand to the passionate declaration of war by nations, there have been many opportunities to avoid it, and policymakers have not actually given up on their quest for peace. But the bad is bad in their respective teams have two poles, as soon as they see the scene is chaotic, they can't wait to fear that the world will not be chaotic. The eldest brother only said "dry", and before he pointed out the direction, these "two poles" made a big mess of guns and cannons.
When the countries saw that it was time to declare war, the guys were also ready, they wanted to come and see if they were annoyed, they didn't want to be mistakenly hit by a few shuttle bullets, and they accidentally got a few kicks, and the anger rubbed up, and they were also involved in the war situation without saying a word. But in fact, I didn't understand why I wanted to fight, and I really couldn't think of a reason to think about the old rotten grain, so when the countries that participated in the first world war really fought, they were all old enemies catching and killing, and they were extremely fierce.
2. The army of 74 million people who have invested 74 million in vain has fought for more than 4 years, with heavy losses, and after the fight, who is to be held responsible but no one admits it.
From 1914 to 1918, 32 countries invested a total of 74 million troops, and wars broke out on the territory of 14 countries, killing 9.44 million soldiers and civilians, of which 5.4 million were killed by the victorious countries and 4 million by the defeated countries. In addition, more than 10 million civilians died of disease and starvation in the rear of the belligerents, 21 million disabled soldiers, and 650 prisoners were taken prisoner, and the core of the war, Europe, was devastated.
The war losses were very heavy, and all countries were a little distressed, and they calmed down and thought about what to fight and who to fight, but they did not understand clearly, and they were inexplicably tied to the chariot. Everyone went home and wondered who moved the black hand first during the fight, who ignored the morality of the jianghu and held up the field, and when they came up, they did a hard job, and as a result, they couldn't hold the fire.
When fighting, they all fought recklessly, and when they were held accountable, they began to blame each other, the German white paper, the British and Serbian blue books, the French yellow book, the Russian orange book, the Austro-Hungarian red book, a variety of dazzling publications, the only thing I wanted to prove was to prove that through the publication of diplomatic documents, it was purely helpless to participate in the war, that is, self-defense.
The successive publication and publication of these diplomatic documents of different colors is nothing more than to prove one thing, that is, the reason for the outbreak of war is not one's own side, and one's participation in the war is nothing more than being forced to be helpless. Just after a round of mutual throwing pots at the national level, politicians and soldiers from various countries who participated in the war began to publish memoirs and writings, and their purpose was also to trace the real cause of the outbreak of the war. Although he has described more about the changes in the situation he has experienced in his statements, there is a distinct common point that our country is innocent, and xxx bullies us first.
Such quarrels and debates have been postponed for a hundred years, and many historians still explore the main body of war responsibility in the First World War, but in fact, they have risen from the controversy of the will of the year to the academic level of discussion. The "suspect countries" that were basically identified were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Britain, and Russia, of which Germany and Austria received the most criticism.
3. The real reason for the outbreak of the First World War is actually the devil in the human heart - the psychology of national war.
Was the reason for the First World War because of Germany and Austria? Objectively speaking, it is only a fuse, and the real reasons have been analyzed by many experts and scholars, such as imperial expansion and competition among major powers, alliance systems and secret diplomacy, military strategy and arms race, war psychology and war sentiment, the July crisis and the decision of various countries to participate in war, etc., but they do not seem to be comprehensive enough.
The real reason for the outbreak of the First World War was the war mentality that grew in the hearts of the European people, so that only Europe in the five continents accepted or even applauded the First World War. There are three specific reasons for this:
First, long-term one-sided propaganda of national superiority and patriotism. Every European country regards respect for its own traditions as a virtue and regards it as its own unique quality, and this kind of patriotic education is not to be blamed, but in actual propaganda it always despises and is hostile to other neighbors, and this psychology of national prominence and national supremacy is prone to extreme nationalism and chauvinism, making young people eager to participate in war not fear war.
Second, the misunderstanding and application of Darwin's natural laws of survival of the fittest and survival of the fittest in social life. Both the left and the right see war as a means of settling all contradictions and disputes, and this atmosphere of extreme admiration for force spread across the European continent, eventually evolving into a warlike nation that can maintain prosperity, and only by constantly annexing small and weak states and nations can it guarantee its own strength.
Third, european historical and local examples of war have assumed that victory and defeat can be made in a short period of time, misestimating the severity of war and causing disastrous consequences. In the continental war in Europe, both the Prussian war against Austria in 1866 and the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 ended in a short time. People take it for granted that the First World War will also end in a short time, but they did not expect the disastrous consequences of 74 million soldiers in 32 countries.