Wu Yuzhang is one of the giants filmed in the education section of the second season of "One Hundred Years of Masters".
Wu Yuzhang (1878-1966), a native of Rong County, Sichuan. We are outstanding proletarian revolutionaries, educators, historians and philologists, pioneers of higher education in New China, and pioneers of China's script reform. Wu Yuzhang founded a series of universities before the founding of New China, and these universities became the most famous universities in China's education circles after the founding of New China, and trained the earliest batch of talents for New China. He served as the first chairman of the China Education Trade Union and the president of Chinese Min University. He also led the national script reform work, promoted the simplification of Chinese characters and the Hanyu Pinyin program, in order to help eliminate illiteracy, popularize education and promote Mandarin, and contribute to economic construction and social progress.
Wu Yuzhang of "doing good things for a lifetime"
Mao Zedong praised him for "doing good deeds all his life and not doing bad deeds, consistently benefiting the broad masses, consistently benefiting the youth, and consistently benefiting the revolution." From joining the League to joining the Communist Party of China, from participating in the old democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen to plunging himself into the new democratic revolution and socialist revolution led by the Communist Party of China, he always fought in the front line, insisted on running education, and insisted on "doing good things." He is Wu Yuzhang, who is revered as one of the "Five Elders of Yan'an".
The teenager is determined to explore the salvation of the country
From an early age, Wu Yuzhang liked to read poems of loyalty and righteousness such as history books and "Songs of Righteousness", which cultivated his lofty national integrity and profound patriotic feelings, and from a young age he aspired to be a righteous man.
Wu Yuzhang in his youth
Faced with the current situation of external and internal troubles, the young Wu Yuzhang was worried about the future of the country and the fate of the nation, and was determined to find a way to save the country and survive. In his early years, he vigorously supported the Restoration Movement, enthusiastic about new learning, and actively publicized. However, the reality of the failure of the Penghu Reform Law made him realize bitterly that reform in China would not work and that a new way out must be found. In 1903, Wu Yuzhang traveled east to Japan, and during his studies, he came into contact with Sun Yat-sen's "Three People's Principles", and gradually accepted and joined the League.
After the victory of the Xinhai Revolution, the Nanjing Provisional Government sent someone to give Wu Yuzhang a letter of appointment as director of the Xinjiang Bureau, but Wu Yuzhang bluntly refused: "Our revolutionary party is not for the sake of being an official. Later, in the harmony between the North and the South, he was invited by Dr. Sun Yat-sen to work in the Provisional Presidential Palace.
Promote young people to study in France and cultivate talents for the country
While devoting himself to the democratic revolution and pursuing the truth of saving the country and the people, Wu Yuzhang also actively promoted the work-study movement in France and encouraged young students to pay attention to the world revolutionary situation and strive to study science and technology and social sciences.
In 1912, the first group of students to go to France took a group photo
In May 1912, Wu Yuzhang, together with Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and other members of the League, initiated the organization of the Society for Studying in France and Thrift in Beijing to organize, support and encourage young Chinese students to study in France at low cost and in the spirit of hard work, hoping to "lose world civilization to The country and create a new nation in a new society." The following year, Wu Yuzhang and others were forced into exile in France due to the failure of the anti-Yuan struggle. During their stay in France, Wu Yuzhang, Cai Yuanpei, and others who have been committed to the education and cultivation of Chinese youth and the shaping of talents in national construction have established the Work-study Institute on the basis of the Thrifty Society, combining the two of them with "diligence in work and thriftiness in order to study", which has opened up a path for more aspiring young people from poor families to study in France.
In the work-study movement set off by Wu Yuzhang and others, nearly 2,000 students were selected and sent to France, and the vast majority of students studying in France made outstanding contributions to the cause of China's revolution and construction. On the road to saving China, a large number of outstanding leaders of our party in the period of revolution and construction, such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Cai Hesen, Wang Ruofei, and Li Fuchun, have emerged.
Pursue the light and resolutely join the party
When the news of the victory of the October Revolution in Russia reached China, Wu Yuzhang began to study "Marxism" and understood that the people were the backbone of the victory. In August 1922, Wu Yuzhang was invited to serve as the president of Chengdu Higher Normal School (the predecessor of today's Sichuan University). Since then, he has brought education into the orbit of the revolutionary cause, and has been determined to reform and eliminate the old and the new. He stressed the need to educate teachers and students with Marxism, not only personally taking the stage to teach students courses such as "Marxist socialism," but also hiring Yun Daiying and other well-known people with new ideas to teach at the school.
On January 12, 1924, under the meticulous organization of Wu Yuzhang and others, the "China Y.C Regiment" (that is, the Chinese Youth Communist Party) was secretly established as an institution leading the revolutionary struggle in Sichuan and Chongqing. In April of the following year, Wu Yuzhang came to Beijing to meet his former student, Zhao Shiyan, who was then one of the heads of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. Zhao Shiyan briefed him on the organizational principles and political program of the Communist Party of China and the establishment of a revolutionary united front with the Kuomintang. After hearing this, he was very excited and resolutely asked to join the Communist Party of China, and finally got his wish under the introduction of Zhao Shiyan, Tong Yongsheng and others.
Pioneers of the Sichuan Communist Movement: Wu Yuzhang (first from left), Yang Mingong (first from right), Tong Yongsheng (second from left)
After nearly fifty years of upheaval and displacement, he finally found the "belonging" of life at the age of knowing the destiny of heaven, and Wu Yuzhang's belief in fighting for the cause of the Chinese revolution all his life became firmer. In 1938, when Chiang Kai-shek held his second political participation meeting in Chongqing, he personally invited Wu Yuzhang and others to "earnestly talk" and expressed the hope that they would return to the Kuomintang as "strong backbones." After being solemnly refuted by the CPC deputies, Chiang Kai-shek did not give up, especially telling Wu Yuzhang: "You are an old predecessor of the League and the Kuomintang, or come back to the Kuomintang." In the face of persuasion, Wu Yuzhang clearly stated: "I joined the Communist Party because I believed in the scientific truth of Marxism-Leninism and knew that only communism was the only correct path to social development. ”
Fear no threats and fight aggressively
In the winter of 1945, Wu Yuzhang, as a cppcc representative of our party, went to Chongqing under the leadership of Zhou Enlai to attend a political consultative conference. Soon, the National Government will prepare to "return the capital" to Nanjing, and our Party delegation will also move eastward. Taking into account the position of the southwest rear area painstakingly managed by our party, as well as the advent of a new stage of peace and democracy in the future and the possibility of parliamentary struggle, the CPC Central Committee approved the establishment of the Sichuan Provincial Cpc Committee and at the same time appointed Wu Yuzhang as the secretary of the provincial party committee.
(From left) Wu Yuzhang, Lu Dingyi, Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Dong Biwu, Wang Ruofei and Qin Bangxian in Chongqing
As the pace of the Kuomintang civil war accelerated and the situation became increasingly dangerous, our party evacuated a large number of comrades facing danger in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, and the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee headed by Wu Yuzhang remained in Chongqing to persist in the struggle. Under his leadership, the provincial party committee and the Xinhua Daily held high the just banner of peace, democracy, independence, and liberation, actively disseminated revolutionary truth, and constantly inspired the people to struggle. Under the tense white terror, Wu Yuzhang deeply felt the necessity of strengthening the education of cadres on revolutionary integrity, so he compiled and printed some articles of Mao Zedong and a number of documents of the Party Central Committee into a pamphlet, "The Theory and Practice of the Chinese Revolution", and sent them to comrades to study and encourage everyone.
Late one night at the end of February 1947, more than 100 Kuomintang military and police officers surrounded our Party's public organs in Chongqing and the Xinhua Daily pavilion. Wu Yuzhang heard the news and rushed to get dressed, broke through many obstacles, protected the safety of comrades, and fought tenaciously with everyone. In the days that followed, Wu Yuzhang told the comrades Marxism-Leninism and revolutionary stories, constantly inspiring everyone's fighting spirit. He said that he was responsible to the Party Central Committee and to his comrades, and as long as he lived, he must make every comrade safely withdraw to Yan'an. After many negotiations by the Southern Bureau and Wu Yuzhang's efforts, all the personnel stationed in Chongqing returned to Yan'an safely.
Do not abandon each other
Wu Yuzhang, who has been running around for the revolution all his life and is highly loyal to his cause, is equally loyal to marriage. He regarded the family and his wife and children as an emotional comfort and spiritual motivation for revolutionary work outside the country, and in his autobiographical essay, he said with relief: "When I first started revolutionary work, I settled my family well, which is one of the reasons why I have been able to work tirelessly in the revolution for decades." ”
Wu Yuzhang and his wife You Binglian took a group photo
At the age of 18, Wu Yuzhang married You Binglian, who was born in an ordinary peasant family. Although You Binglian was almost illiterate, after marriage, the two respected and loved each other and had a daughter and a son. In order to seek a strategy to strengthen the country, Wu Yuzhang, who "gave up his small family for everyone", embarked on a steamer to Japan and began a 44-year separation from his wife. Even so, Wu Yuzhang never had anyone else around him. When asked about the marital status, Wu Yuzhang always said that his marriage was very happy.
In the years of separation, although Wu Yuzhang was displaced, he never had the intention of remarrying, but took You Binglian as the final destination of his marriage. In October 1946, the bad news of his wife's death suddenly came, because due to the current situation, Wu Yuzhang, who was on his shoulders at the time, could not return to his hometown to mourn, and could only express his condolences with an affectionate tribute "Crying My Wife You Binglian". At the end of the offering, Wu Yuzhang wrote: "... How dare I use my children's private feelings to slacken my sacred duty to save the country and the people. Only with the spirit of indomitable and unremitting efforts can I unite my millions of outstanding sons and daughters of the revolution to build an independent, free, democratic, unified and prosperous new China. Propylene! Rest in peace! The final victory must belong to the broad masses of the people. ”
Bow down to a life of selflessness
Wu Yuzhang bowed down to the revolutionary cause and made great contributions, and his selfless, dedicated, diligent, arduous and simple style of work also set an example and example for future generations.
As early as the early days of the revolution, in order to establish the Sichuan Branch of the University of China and France in Chongqing, in addition to raising funds from people from all walks of life, Wu Yuzhang not only pledged the shares of the Chuanjiang Steamship Company held by private individuals, but also used all the 1,000 yuan of activity funds given to him by Liao Zhongkai before his departure in Guangzhou as a school fund.
Wu Yuzhang checks the children's learning of Hanyu Pinyin at the primary school
After the founding of New China, Wu Yuzhang, who had passed the age of ancient rarity, was still full of vigor and dedication, and in addition to conscientiously engaging in the party's educational work, he also actively promoted the simplification of Chinese characters and the Hanyu Pinyin program, so as to help eliminate illiteracy, popularize education, and popularize Putonghua, and made outstanding contributions to China's character reform.
Because he had been running for the revolution for a long time, Wu Yuzhang often used letters to educate his children and juniors. He once wrote in his letter: "We are a revolutionary family, and we must play an exemplary role in everything, and we should not be proud and complacent because we are the descendants of cadres." He also repeatedly stressed the importance of thrift and diligence in running the family, and it is necessary to form a good family style of "everything is not vain and decent, and the scale of the industry should be established". On weekdays, he dressed simply, except for foreign affairs activities, and as soon as he returned home, he wore cloth clothes and shoes, and made up and made up. Even before his death in 1966, he used suitcases and military blankets left over from the Nanchang uprising.
In March 1958, when Wu Yuzhang returned to his hometown to inspect the work, he heard that the education in Rong County was still very backward at that time, and the enrollment rate of school-age children was very low, so he proposed to the accompanying county party secretary to donate his own real estate: "We Communists have no private property, so I will give you a teacher training school." Two years later, Wu Yuzhang, who had reached his old age, also wrote a poem to encourage himself: "Spring silkworms are exhausted until the end of the dead silk, and people do not stop at the end of their expectations." One breath remains to be worked on, and it is left as a good category for youth. ”
Wu Yuzhang in his later years
Mr. Wu Yuzhang has been called "the epitome of a living history of the Chinese revolution", he witnessed the process of the country from humiliation to rebirth, he dedicated his life to the revolution, dedicated to the cause of education, dedicated to the Chinese youth, and truly achieved "a lifetime of good deeds". Just as the Cpc Central Committee sent a congratulatory message on Wu Yuzhang's sixtieth birthday: His loyalty, morality and style are the model for all Communist Party members and revolutionary youth!
Source | The wind is blowing
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Producer | Hou Xuan
Art Editing | Magical conch
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