Someone once said that there were two southern and northern dynastic eras in China.
This first era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties refers, of course, to the era when the camps of the North and the South confronted each other after the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Five Hus and sixteen kingdoms, and before Yang Jian usurped the Zhou Dynasty and Sui completed the unification of the world.
The second Era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties refers to the period of confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Empire after the Jing kang disaster.
However, let's compare the so-called "second southern and northern dynasties era", although there were occasional killings between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Empire, but each other's internal political power was relatively stable, and their demise was not due to civil strife, but both died at the hands of the newly rising Mongol upstarts.
In the first era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were many internal changes between the two sides of the North-South confrontation, but they were different.
On the southern side of the dynasty, Liu Song, Xiao Qi, And Xiao Liang, the regimes of Liu Song, Xiao Qi, and Xiao Liang, you sang and I appeared on the stage, and the regimes changed, taking turns to fight against the Northern Wei.
On the northern side, it maintained stability for a long time, and quietly took over the wheel war of Song, Qi, and Liang on the southern side. However, when they got to the back, they could not hold back, the six towns in the north revolted, the domestic chaos, and the Northern Wei suddenly collapsed, splitting into the Eastern and Western Wei.
At first, the base camps of the Eastern and Western Wei dynasties were in Luoyang and Chang'an, respectively.
Luoyang was the original capital of northern Wei, and if nothing else, just by saying this, we can know that the situation between the two Weis, which is in constant strife and does not share the heavens, is definitely strong in the east and weak in the west.
It is also true that the Eastern Wei inherited part of the population and army of the Northern Wei, the Western Wei, the Western Wei, the Jin, the South Pole River, the Huai, the Eastern Sea Corner, and the Northern Gradual Desert, while the Western Wei only had the economically withered and sparsely populated shaanxi, Ningxia, and parts of Gansu.
Therefore, Gao Huan, the speaker of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, looked at the Western Wei unfavorably and looked at it horizontally and vertically, and was eager to swallow the Western Wei a day earlier and complete the unification of the north.
However, Yuwen Tai, the de facto ruler of Western Wei, was a lord who would never accept defeat, and he tore at Gao Huan with his teeth and claws.
As a result, a series of wars such as the "Battle of Xiaoguan", the "Battle of Hongnong", the "Battle of Shayuan", and the "Battle of Heqiao" occurred between the two Wei.
The "Battle of Xiaoguan" broke out in December 536, when Gao Huan relied on his superior strength and divided his troops into three western expeditions, leading the way himself, Situ Gao Ao Cao all the way, and the governor Dou Tai all the way, and fought fiercely with Yuwen Tai in the area east of present-day Tongtian in Shaanxi.
In the face of a powerful enemy, Yuwen Tai calmly responded to the battle, adopted the tactic of "concentrating the elite, breaking through each one", first sneaking out of xiaoguan with a fine horse, attacking Dou Tai all the way, and then returning to the division to the north and defeating Gao Huan all the way.
The battle ended in the victory of Western Wei.
In order to expand the results of the "Battle of Xiaoguan", in August of the following year (that is, in 537 AD), Yuwen Tai personally led Dugu Xin and twelve other generals to fight in the east and launched the "Battle of Hongnong".
Yuwen Tai won the first battle, first conquered the beans, and then took the Eastern Wei grain base Hongnong, and forced a landing in Yiyang, Shao County, and other places.
Gao Huan was furious and gathered 200,000 people in October of the same year to pounce on yuwen Taibu, who occupied Hongnong.
Yuwen Tai was stationed in Shayuan, and when gao Huan attacked, he led his army to meet the battle at Weiqu Bu.
As a result, the most tragic "Battle of Shayuan" began.
Yuwen Tai waited for work, deployed properly, matched with each other, and between the virtual and the real, after some fighting and blood fighting, he finally defeated Gao Huan, and followed the cover, killing more than 70,000 Eastern Wei soldiers, all taking Hedong, and then occupying jin yongcheng on the outskirts of Luoyang.
In order to save the decline, Gao Huan reorganized the soldiers and horses in 538 and launched the "Battle of the River Bridge".
He had Hou Jing and Gao Ao Cao besiege the Eastern Wei general Du Guxin, who was guarding JinYong City, and personally lead the main force to the west to fight with Yuwen Tai, who had come to rescue Jin Yong, in Heyin.
The two sides fought for more than two months.
Although there are mutual victories and defeats, but for Yuwen Tai, he is an away battle, not only is it difficult to continue the grain transportation, but also the scheduling in all aspects is difficult to implement, and it is difficult to support after a long time.
In the end, Yuwen Tai left only the governor Sun Ziyan to continue to resist Jin Yong and burn the camp himself.
Gao Huan shouted and chased to Kunshan, triumphantly returning.
In this battle, Gao Huan recaptured the four prefectures of Nanfen, Ying, Yu, and Guang in one fell swoop.
We see that in the four major battles of "The Battle of Xiaoguan", "The Battle of Hongnong", "The Battle of Shayuan", and "The Battle of Heqiao", Gao Huan lost three consecutive battles, but he did not hurt the fundamentals; but Yuwen Tai only lost in the fourth game, but the whole country was shocked, the people's hearts were floating, and chaos was everywhere. Among them, the rebellions of Zhao Qingque, a soldier captured by Sha Yuan, and Yu Fude, a citizen of Yongzhou, had a great impact, leaving Yuwen Tai exhausted and overwhelmed with anxiety and suffering.
However, although Gao Huan won the "Battle of Heqiao", it was only a tragic victory, and his powerful generals Gao Ao Cao, The Governor Li Meng, and the Western Yanzhou Assassin Shi Song Xian were all killed in this great battle, and they were no longer able to advance west.
As a result, the struggle for supremacy between the two males came to an end for the time being.
History is very interesting, for details about gao huan and Yuwen Tai's struggle for hegemony, you can check the "History of the North and South" written by historian Cai Dongfan.
Cai Dongfan commented everywhere in the book, comparing Gao Huan's defeat at the Battle of Shayuan to Cao Cao's defeat at Chibi and Jian Jian's defeat at Shuishui.
He said that before the Battle of Shayuan began, Gao Huan crossed the river to the west, and at that time, he had nothing to do with it, and he regarded Yuwen Tai as a bag, but Weiqu exchanged troops and encountered four ambushes, and he was panicked like a dog who had lost his family.
In addition to the "Romance of the History of the North and the South", Mr. Cai Dongfan also wrote "Former Han Yanyi", "Later Han Yanyi", "Two Jin Dynasties Yanyi", "Tang History Yanyi", "Five Dynasties History Yanyi", "Song History Yanyi", "Yuanshi Yanyi", "Ming Shi Yanyi", "Qing Shi Yanyi" and "Republic of China Yanyi". Together with the "Romance of the History of the North and the South", a total of eleven works, the time span is planned from Qin Shi Huang to the ninth year of the Republic of China, and the history of 2,166 years is collectively known as the "Popular Interpretation of the Dynasties".
Because of this set of books, Cai Dongfan was praised as "a generation of historians, a thousand autumn divine pens".
The famous historian Gu Jiegang, who is a loyal reader of this set of books, commented on the book: "It is better to read the "Twenty-Four Histories" than to read Cai Dongfan! General history has been published a lot in the past, but it seems that it can rarely be compared with Mr. Cai Dongfan's work. Mr. Cai has adopted a very serious attitude towards the use and selection of historical materials. I think that the republishment of this book can not only be used as a reading material for ordinary people, but also as a reference for people who love history, because a "Twenty-Four History" has too much weight, even historians are not easy to memorize it completely, but it is better to read this interpretation, casually look at it, maybe there will be an outline of the effect. ”
It can be said that this set of books is the most important extracurricular reading book in the Republic of China period.
The set of books recommended to you today is the hardcover gift box version of the Polytechnic University, in addition to the eleven books mentioned above, such as the "Former Han Yanyi", plus a "Cixi Empress Dowager Yanyi" carefully written by Mr. Xu Liaofu, a full set of six volumes and twelve parts, are all newly revised and uncut versions, absolutely value-added, is specially to get the headlines to do activities, the group purchase price is 165.
To emphasize again, the group purchase price of twelve books is 165, which is equivalent to 13 yuan a book, which is absolutely valuable.